West Gate Freeway

West Gate Freeway Victoria
West Gate Bridge looking towards Melbourne CBD
General information
Type	Freeway
Length	14 km (8.7 mi)
Opened	1971
Route number(s)	M1 (1997–present) Entire Route Tourist Drive 2 Spotswood - Southbank
Former route number	Freeway Route 82 (1978-1988) Brooklyn-South Melbourne[1] National Route 1 (1978-1997) Entire route
Major junctions
West end	Princes Freeway Laverton North, Melbourne
	Western Ring Road CityLink for full list see exits and interchanges
East end	CityLink Southbank, Melbourne
Location(s)
Major suburbs / towns	Altona North, Spotswood, Port Melbourne
Highway system
Highways in Australia National Highway • Freeways in Australia Highways in Victoria

West Gate Freeway citybound before the Williamstown Road interchange.

Interchange consisting of the Burnley Tunnel entrance, Domain Tunnel exit, Westgate freeway and Power Street/Kings Way ramps.

The West Gate Freeway^[2] is a major freeway in Melbourne, the busiest urban freeway and the busiest road in Australia, carrying upwards of 200,000 vehicles per day. It links Geelong (via the Princes Freeway) and the Western suburbs to the Melbourne CBD and beyond. It is also a link between Melbourne and the west and linking industrial and residential areas west of the Yarra River with the city and port areas. The West Gate Bridge is a part of the freeway.

It is a fully managed freeway with a complete 'Freeway Management System' that is dynamically linked and adaptive to the entire M1 corridor. This includes the 2008 re-design of a substantial section. Overall, the freeway has between 4-6 lanes in each direction, with a maximum of 12 lanes at one point in its width.

History[]

The original Lower Yarra Freeway was officially designated in the 1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan as the F9 Freeway corridor. Construction began on the first section in the late 1960s and was open to traffic by 1971,^[3] stretching from the intersection of the Princes Highway and Little Boundary Road in Altona North (later enlarged and named the West Gate Interchange) eastwards to Melbourne/Williamstown Roads just west of the mouth of the Yarra, initially designated with an F-82 shield. At the time, the only way to cross the Yarra west of the CBD was via a ferry crossing, which naturally saw far heavier demands once the Lower Yarra Freeway was officially opened.

The West Gate Bridge across the Yarra had started construction not too long before the opening of the freeway and, although delayed, when finally completed in 1978^[4] allowed the freeway to extend over the river and directly into the CBD's south-western corner (via Rogers and Lorimer Streets). The freeway's name was changed to the West Gate Freeway to commemorate its opening, but the freeway also attracted tolls from anyone using the bridge (between Melbourne/Williamstown Road and Rogers Street) between 16 November 1978 and 29 November 1985.^[5] The toll plaza was located on the city side of the bridge where the service stations are now located.^[6] National Route 1 - previously designated along Geelong Road (Princes Highway West) and through the CBD via Smithfield and Flemington Roads and King Street - was altered to use the freeway instead and rejoin Kings Way via Rogers, Lorimer and Clarendon Streets.

Timeline of construction[]

• 1971 - 'Lower Yarra Freeway'. Original 4 miles opened from Princes Highway to Williamstown Road on 7 April 1971. Originally 3 lanes in each direction. Cost: $A14m.^[3]
• 1978 - West Gate Bridge. Opened 15 November 1978, by the Premier, the Hon. R J Hamer, ED, MP.^[4]
• 1990/1991 – ‘A third lane is being built in both directions on the West Gate Freeway between Princes Highway and Millers Road’.^[7] This possibly conflicts with information given in the Country Roads Board's 58th Annual Report, which states that the freeway opened with three lanes in each direction in 1971, whilst omitting that the third lane only existed between Millers Road and Williamstown Road.^[3]

Due to the extra traffic the West Gate Freeway was attracting—and due to the safety concerns of having excess traffic filter through connector streets in South Melbourne—the freeway was finally extended to Kings Way above the Grant Street intersection using elevated carriageways in 1987. Expansion of the original two lane freeway on the western side of the bridge to three lanes each way was carried out in 1993, and expansion to four lanes followed in 2000. With the subsequent completion of the Western Ring Road joining the West Gate Interchange to the freeway's west and CityLink to the freeway's east, it also funnels traffic from northern and western suburbs around Melbourne, acting as a bypass freeway.

The entire freeway has been given an M1 designation. It gains the Tourist 2 shield at the Melbourne/Williamstown Road interchange in Spotswood, and loses it at the Montague Street interchange in Port Melbourne.

2008 upgrade[]

Traffic volumes on the West Gate Freeway have grown steadily since opening, carrying up to 180,000 vehicles every day. Congestion frequently occurs at the Montague Street and Bolte Bridge interchanges due to conflicting traffic movements on and off the freeway. On 1 May 2008 the Minister for Roads and Ports Tim Pallas announced design details for the West Gate Freeway improvements, to assist in maintaining rapidly growing volume capacity and to reduce congestion^[8]

They are:

• a full freeway management system, made up of Ramp Metering (Signalling), Lane Use Management Signs (overhead lane availability / variable speed zones), electronic on-road message signs, arterial road message signs, CCTV cameras and a suite of freeway traffic algorithms and software with data stations, thousands of sensors and a core server at the VicRoads TMC.
• the addition of a new elevated road structure joining the outbound Kings Way on-ramp to the Freeway
• new traffic ramps over Montague Street
• an additional dedicated exit ramp from the Bolte Bridge to the Freeway
• widening of the freeway between Todd Road and Montague Street
• redesign of the Montague Street interchange.

These works help reduce merging and weaving movements at key points on the freeway, leading to a smoother traffic flow and improved driver safety. As part of the works the Montague Street on-ramp city bound had been closed for approximately 18 months to enable the new one to be built.^[9]

Early works on the West Gate Freeway, including geo-technical investigations and service proving, commenced in late 2007. In early 2008 construction works started on the freeway widening, specifically in the South Melbourne area. New traffic lanes and ramps have been completed and opened in different stages with the total project scheduled for completion in late 2010.

The Freeway Upgrade was awarded the 2011 .^[10]

Route[]

Road conditions[]

The West Gate Freeway officially begins at the West Gate Interchange in Altona North, with four lanes running in each direction. The freeway flows from the Western Ring Road and the Princes Freeway with access to the Princes Highway (Geelong Road) also provided with city bound exit and Geelong bound entry ramps.

Soon after the bridge crossing, the freeway becomes elevated for its remaining length, with access ramps to Melbourne's central business district. Continuing to drive eastward on the freeway after the Power Street exit results in entering the electronically tolled CityLink, and travelling through the Burnley Tunnel.

Standard travel time on the West Gate Freeway in both directions, is 12 minutes. (5 minutes from the Western Ring Road to and 7 minutes from to Kings Way).

The usual peak period travel time, is between 16–24 minutes. However, in times of extreme congestion, including being residual due an incident, the travel time can go well beyond half an hour.

Exits and interchanges[]

LGA	Location	km	mi	Exit	Destinations	Notes
Domain Tunnel (westbound M1 ) and Burnley Tunnel (eastbound M1 ). West Gate Freeway continues as CityLink eastward .
Melbourne	Southbank	0	0.0	W1	Power Street - City	Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
		0	0.0	W2	Kings Way/Princes Highway - St Kilda
		1	0.62	W3	Montague Street - Docklands, South Melbourne	Start of concurrency of Tourist Drive 2 .
	Port Melbourne	1– 3	0.62– 1.9	W4	CityLink - Bendigo, Tullamarine Airport	Trumpet interchange with local-express lanes. Westbound exit on local lanes.
		2– 4	1.2– 2.5	W5	Todd Road - Fishermans Bend	Westbound exit part of local lanes containing exit W4.
Yarra River		6.4– 6.91	4.0– 4.29	West Gate Bridge
Hobsons Bay	Spotswood	7	4.3		Hyde Street	Eastbound exit only, and westbound entrance via Simcock Avenue, as part of West Gate Tunnel Project
				W6	Williamstown Road - Footscray, Williamstown, Scienceworks Museum	End of concurrency of Tourist Drive 2
					West Gate Tunnel - Port, City	Eastbound exit and westbound entrance only, as part of West Gate Tunnel Project
	Altona North	10	6.2	W7	Millers Road - Brooklyn, Seaholme
		12	7.5	W8	Grieve Parade - Brooklyn, Altona	Westbound exit and eastbound entrance.
		12	7.5	W9	Geelong Road - Brooklyn, Footscray	Eastbound exit and westbound entrance.
		13	8.1	W10	Western Ring Road - Ballarat	West Gate Freeway continues to Geelong as Princes Freeway westward .
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi       Concurrency terminus       Incomplete access

Future tolls[]

The West Gate Freeway will be tolled when West Gate Tunnel opens to traffic in 2024.

See also[]

• Freeways in Australia
• Freeways in Melbourne
• Road transport in Victoria
• West Gate Bridge

References[]

• West Gate Freeway at Main Roads Victoria

External links[]

• West Gate Bridge Memorial Committee
  • Construction image gallery
• Monash-CityLink-West Gate upgrade