1714

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Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
  • 17th century
  • 18th century
  • 19th century
Decades:
  • 1690s
  • 1700s
  • 1710s
  • 1720s
  • 1730s
Years:
  • 1711
  • 1712
  • 1713
  • 1714
  • 1715
  • 1716
  • 1717
1714 by topic
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1714 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1714
MDCCXIV
Ab urbe condita2467
Armenian calendar1163
ԹՎ ՌՃԿԳ
Assyrian calendar6464
Balinese saka calendar1635–1636
Bengali calendar1121
Berber calendar2664
British Regnal year12 Ann. 1 – 1 Geo. 1
Buddhist calendar2258
Burmese calendar1076
Byzantine calendar7222–7223
Chinese calendar癸巳年 (Water Snake)
4410 or 4350
    — to —
甲午年 (Wood Horse)
4411 or 4351
Coptic calendar1430–1431
Discordian calendar2880
Ethiopian calendar1706–1707
Hebrew calendar5474–5475
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1770–1771
 - Shaka Samvat1635–1636
 - Kali Yuga4814–4815
Holocene calendar11714
Igbo calendar714–715
Iranian calendar1092–1093
Islamic calendar1125–1126
Japanese calendarShōtoku 4
(正徳４年)
Javanese calendar1637–1638
Julian calendarGregorian minus 11 days
Korean calendar4047
Minguo calendar198 before ROC
民前198年
Nanakshahi calendar246
Thai solar calendar2256–2257
Tibetan calendar阴水蛇年
(female Water-Snake)
1840 or 1459 or 687
    — to —
阳木马年
(male Wood-Horse)
1841 or 1460 or 688
July 27: Battle of Gangut.

1714 (MDCCXIV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1714th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 714th year of the 2nd millennium, the 14th year of the 18th century, and the 5th year of the 1710s decade. As of the start of 1714, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events[]

Europe in 1714.

January–March[]

  • January 21 – After being tricked into deserting a battle against India's Mughal Empire by the rebel Sayyid brothers, Prince Azz-ud-din Mirza is blinded permanently on orders of the Emperor Farrukhsiyar as punishment.
  • February 7 – The Siege of Tönning (a fortress of the Swedish Empire and now located in Germany in the state of Schleswig-Holstein) ends after almost a year, as Danish forces force the surrender of the remaining 1,600 defenders. The fortress is then leveled by the Danes.
  • February 28 – (February 17 old style) Russia's Tsar Peter the Great issues a decree requiring compulsory education in mathematics for children of government officials and nobility, applying to children between the ages of 10 and 15 years old. [1]
  • March 2 – (February 19 old style) The Battle of Storkyro is fought between troops of the Swedish Empire and the Russian Empire, near what is now the village of Napue in Finland. The outnumbered Swedish forces, under the command of General Carl Gustaf Armfeldt, suffer 1,600 troops killed in action while the Russians led by General Mikhail Golitsyn lose 400 men.
  • March 7 – The Treaty of Rastatt is signed between Austria and France, concluding the War of the Spanish Succession between them. Austria receives the Spanish territories in Italy (the Kingdom of Naples, Duchy of Milan and Kingdom of Sardinia), as well as the Southern Netherlands; and from France, Freiburg and Landau. The Austrian Habsburg Empire reaches its largest territorial extent yet, with Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor succeeding Philip V of Spain, as ruler in the ceded territories.

April–June[]

  • April 11 – France signs five separate treaties— with Great Britain, the Netherlands, Portugal, Prussia and Savoy— to end hostilities in the War of the Spanish Succession following the negotiations of the Peace of Utrecht.
  • April 12 – Italian Jesuit missionary Niccolò Gianpriamo is dispatched from Portugal on an evangelical trip to Asia starting with the Portuguese Indian colony of Goa, where he arrives after five months.
  • May 19 – Anne, Queen of Great Britain, refuses to allow members of the House of Hanover to settle in Britain during her lifetime.[2]
  • June 3 – The city of Kassel in Germany inaugurates the summer tradition of the "water stairs" or "great cascades" (Grossen Kaskaden) emptying from the base of the Hercules monument down to the Wilhelmshöhe castle.
  • June 20 – In France, Henri-Charles du Cambout de Coislin, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Metz, condemns the papal bull Unigenitus, issued by Pope Clement XI against the 1671 commentary by Pasquier Quesnel of the four Gospels and inflaming the Jansenist controversy.
  • June 26 – Spain and the Netherlands sign a peace treaty to end hostilities between those two nations in the War of the Spanish Succession.

July–September[]

  • July 8 – Longitude prize: The Parliament of Great Britain votes "to offer a reward for such person or persons as shall discover the Longitude" (£10,000 for any method capable of determining a ship's longitude within 1 degree; £15,000, within 40 minutes, and £20,000 within ½ a degree).[3]
  • July 27 – The Imperial Russian Navy gains its first important victory against the Swedish Navy in the Battle of Gangut.
  • August 1 – Georg Ludwig von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, Elector of Hanover, becomes King George I of Great Britain and Ireland, on the death of Queen Anne. Anne's death brings an end to the reign of the House of Stuart, in that her half-brother James Francis Edward Stuart, the eldest son of James II of England, has been ineligible for the British throne based on the Act of Settlement 1701 had barred members of the Roman Catholic church from becoming monarchs. George of Hanover, as great-grandson of James I of England and a second cousin to Anne, is deemed the eldest living Protestant descendant of James I.
  • September 11 – War of the Spanish Succession: Barcelona is taken after a year's siege, and Catalonia surrenders to Spanish and French Bourbon armies.
  • September 18 – George I, the new King of Great Britain and Ireland, arrives in Britain for the first time in his life, after having departed Hannover and sailing from the Netherlands.[4]
  • September 29 – The Great Hatred: the Cossacks of the Russian Empire kill about 800 people overnight on the Finnish island of Hailuoto.[5]

October–December[]

  • October 20 – The coronation of George I of the United Kingdom takes place in Westminster Abbey, a little less than three months after George became the new British monarch. [4]
  • October 24 – Four Dutch investors, led by brothers Nicolaas and Hendrik van Hoorn, purchase the South American colony of Berbice from French mercenary Jacques Cassard, who had captured the colony from the Van Peere family.[6] A century later, in 1815, the land is ceded to Great Britain and later merged with neighboring colonies to form what is now Guyana.
  • November 30 – King Philip V of Spain issues a decree reorganizing the Spanish government to create four ministries, with the Secretary of State being the chief minister, predecessor to the office of Prime Minister of Spain. José de Grimaldo becomes the first person to have the chief ministry.
  • December 9 – Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–1718): The Ottoman Empire declares war on the Republic of Venice.

Date unknown[]

  • Archbishop Tenison's School, the world's earliest surviving mixed gender school, is established by Thomas Tenison, Archbishop of Canterbury, in Croydon, south of London, England.
  • Louis Juchereau de St. Denis establishes Fort St. Jean Baptiste, at the site of present day Natchitoches, Louisiana (the first permanent European settlement in the Louisiana Territory, after Biloxi (1699) and Mobile, Alabama (1702) were separated).
  • Worcester College, University of Oxford is founded (formerly Gloucester College, closed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries).
  • Stockholm County is founded.
  • The river Kander (Switzerland) is redirected into Lake Thun.

Births[]

Christoph Willibald Gluck
Alaungpaya
Hedvig Taube

Deaths[]

Prince Mamia III Gurieli
Eugen Alexander Franz
Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Charles, Duke of Berry
Anne, Queen of Great Britain
Christoffel Pierson
Pedro, Prince of Brazil

References[]

  1. ^ Basil Dmytryshyn, Modernization of Russia Under Peter I and Catherine II (Wiley, 1974) pp. 10-11
  2. ^ Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 208–209. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  3. ^ "Origins of the Longitude Prize". Longitude Prize. Retrieved September 29, 2021.
  4. ^ a b Weir, Alison (1996). Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy. Random House. pp. 272–276.
  5. ^ Kaitasuo, Pia (August 15, 2015). "Pietari Suuren synkkä tuhon kylvö". Kaleva (in Finnish) (221). Oulu: Kaleva Oy. p. 34–35. ISSN 0356-1356.
  6. ^ J. J. Hartsinck, Beschryving van Guiana, of de wilde kust in Zuid-America (Gerrit Tielenburg, 1770)
  7. ^ Johann Adam Hiller (April 12, 2001). Treatise on Vocal Performance and Ornamentation by Johann Adam Hiller. Cambridge University Press. p. 170. ISBN 978-1-139-42898-9.
  8. ^ Town of Hartwick Historical Society (2002). Hartwick, the Heart of Otsego County, NY. Syllables Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-9709433-0-9.
  9. ^ "Elisabeth Stierncrona". Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (in Swedish). Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  10. ^ David Paul Held (1976). Chorale Preludes Composed in the Eighteenth Century for Organ and a Solo Instrument. University of Southern California. p. 84.
  11. ^ Martin Petzoldt (2008). Bach's children in Leipzig: documents in Johann Sebastian Bach's own hand. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt. p. 26. ISBN 978-3-374-02505-3.
  12. ^ Collected correspondence and papers of Christoph Willibald Gluck. 1962. p. 1.
  13. ^ A Descriptive Catalogue of the Pictures and Sculptures in the Norwegian National Gallery ... Norwegian National Gallery. 1885. p. 68.
  14. ^ The Church Music of Davide Perez and Niccolò Jommelli. Mauricio Dottori. p. 11. ISBN 978-85-98826-19-6.
  15. ^ William Shenstone (1863). The Poetical Works ... James Nichols. p. 6.
  16. ^ Paul E. Eisler (1972). World Chronology of Music History: 1594-1684. Oceana Publications. p. 363. ISBN 978-0-379-16082-6.
  17. ^ "BBC - History - Anne". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  18. ^ Philip H. Highfill; Kalman A. Burnim; Edward A. Langhans (1975). A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers, and Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660-1800. SIU Press. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-8093-0693-0.

External link[]

Media related to 1714 at Wikimedia Commons

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