1734 in Canada

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Events from the year 1734 in Canada.

Incumbents[]

  • French Monarch: Louis XV
  • British and Irish Monarch: George II

Governors[]

  • Governor General of New France: Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois
  • Colonial Governor of Louisiana: Jean-Baptiste le Moyne de Bienville
  • Governor of Nova Scotia: Lawrence Armstrong
  • Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland: Edward Falkingham

Events[]

  • Jean Baptiste de La Vérendrye establishes the first Fort Maurepas on the Red River about five leagues south of Lake Winnipeg, third of the main La Vérendrye posts. (Fort Saint Pierre on Rainy River; reactivated; Fort St. Charles on Lake of the Woods.)
  • A Montreal slave named Marie-Joseph Angelique learns that she is to be sold to someone else. Possibly, to obscure her attempt to escape, she may have set fire to the house of her mistress, Thérèse de Couagne. The fire could not be contained, causing damage to half of Old Montreal. She was charged, tried and hanged, bringing attention to the conditions of the slaves.

Births[]

Deaths[]

Historical documents[]

Report of governor and intendant of Canada on Montreal fire for which enslaved Black woman "Angélique" was convicted and hanged[1]

Jesuit priest describes fellow passengers on 80-day voyage to Canada, including louse-covered soldiers and transported criminals[2]

Photo: Mauvide-Genest Manor on St. Lawrence River, built ca. 1734[3]

Nova Scotia governor pronounces Acadians "proud, lazy, obstinate and untractable people, unskillful in the methods of Agriculture," etc.[4]

Possible war with France leaves N.S. exposed to Île-Royale, Canada, Indigenous people and even oath-taking Acadians (Note: "savages" used)[5]

Reacting to Indigenous people's complaints about lack of gifts, Gov. Philipps argues at length that they are not deserved[6]

Nova Scotia Council decides it's good policy to accept oath of allegiance from "an half Indian" who is "an Active man amongst the Indians"[7]

Nova Scotia lieutenant governor says Annapolis River highlands are "of a thin sandy soil" and not worth "inclosing"[8]

Previously resisted by landowners in its path, order reissued for construction of road from Annapolis Royal to Minas[9]

French deputies are to watch for "frauds" that are of "great prejudice of His Majesty's customs" at Saint John River and elsewhere[10]

Council sentences man to fifty lashes with cat o' nine tails for stealing £3 note, and orders him to return money[11]

Woman sentenced to ducking after she falsely charges murder against another woman, who gets sentence reduced to apology at church door[12]

Bowling green opposite Fort Anne to be reserved for garrison officers and "all Other Gentlemen who may please to Contribute"[13]

Regarding suspension of Council member, Lt. Gov. Armstrong is advised "not to be too nice or extreme in the infancy of a Colony"[14]

Newfoundland defences are so weak that "a sloop of ten gunns and fifty men may take any harbour in the land," and 20 soldiers take St. John's[15]

Newfoundland survey answers are much like last year's (when stated at all), except facts about Port aux Basques and its dangerous coast[16]

William Taverner points out illegal fish, game and fur activity in Port aux Basques area by Île-Royale debtors, thieves and Indigenous people[17]

Capt. Taverner warns that Innu (Montagnais) cross in boats to northwestern Newfoundland from New France every winter to take furs[18]

"Alarmed with the Movements of the French and Indians on the Frontiers," New York Assembly appropriates money for fortifications[19]

Kanien’kéhà:ka sachems remind New York governor that Albany tried to steal their land, and want him to accept that land in trust[20]

Governor Cosby reports trusteeship of Kanien’kéhà:ka land, asserting deal's importance to Covenant Chain alliance with Six Nations[21]

Petitioners want to settle Mohawk River tract that is "uninhabited, except by natives who are inconsiderable in number" and "friendly"[22]

Gov. Cosby recommends sending smiths to maintain Six Nations' arms, as French do that and also provide lead, gunpowder and brandy[23]

Virginia lieutenant governor wants settlement beyond mountains to thwart French incursions and, with control of Great Lakes, to split New France[24]

New Hampshire seeks relief from debt of "long and destructive Indian warr" and its "expeditions against the French at Nova Scotia and Canada"[25]

Legal advice: reject petition similar to those of Cabot and Raleigh "for propagating the Christian religion by very unchristian methods"[26]

Linkage: ship arrives in Boston from Annapolis Royal where sloop from Louisbourg had news via ship from France of great battle on Rhine River[27]

References[]

  1. ^ "Letter from the governor and the intendant to the King, 9 October 1734; Description of the fire of the month of April" France, Archives nationales. Accessed 8 July 2021
  2. ^ "Letter from father Nau, missionary in Canada[....]" (October 20, 1734). Accessed 5 July 2021 http://moses.creighton.edu/kripke/jesuitrelations/relations_68.html (scroll down to Page 227)
  3. ^ "Manoir Manvide (sic), Ile d'Orléans, QC, about 1930", McCord Museum. Accessed 5 July 2021
  4. ^ "Govr. Philipps to Board of Trade" (excerpt; August 3, 1734), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pg. 102. Accessed 5 July 2021
  5. ^ "246 ii Address of the Lt. Governor, Council, Officers Civil and Military and British Inhabitants of Nova Scotia to the King" (July 13, 1734), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 41, 1734-1735. Accessed 6 July 2021
  6. ^ "399 Governor Philipps to the Council of Trade and Plantations" (November 30, 1734), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 41, 1734-1735. Accessed 6 July 2021
  7. ^ "the Oath Administered to Joseph Munier" (November 26, 1734), Nova Scotia Archives; Minutes of H.M. Council, 1720-1742, pg. 309. Accessed 5 July 2021
  8. ^ "164 Lt. Governor Armstrong to the Council of Trade and Plantations" (May 10, 1734), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 41, 1734-1735. Accessed 5 July 2021
  9. ^ "Order as to Road Between Annapolis and Minas" (October 29, 1734), Nova Scotia Archives; Commission Book, 1720-1741, pg. 202. Accessed 2 July 2021
  10. ^ "Order to Deputies to Discover Frauds (September 13, 1734), Nova Scotia Archives; Commission Book, 1720-1741, pg. 201. Accessed 2 July 2021
  11. ^ "Complaint James Thomson Against Math: Hurry" (August 12, 1734), Nova Scotia Archives; Minutes of H.M. Council, 1720-1742, pg. 301. Accessed 2 July 2021
  12. ^ "Complaint Mary Davis against Jean Picot" (August 6, 1734), Nova Scotia Archives; Minutes of H.M. Council, 1720-1742, pg. 300. Accessed 2 July 2021
  13. ^ "the Bowling Green Reserved for the Gentlemen of the Garrison" (April 10, 1733/4), Nova Scotia Archives; Minutes of H.M. Council, 1720-1742, pg. 295. Accessed 2 July 2021
  14. ^ "306 Council of Trade and Plantations to Lt. Governor Armstrong" (September 11, 1734), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 41, 1734-1735. Accessed 6 July 2021
  15. ^ 362 Letter of Lord Muskery (October 31, 1734), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 41, 1734-1735. Accessed 6 July 2021
  16. ^ 362 i Survey of Newfoundland (October 31, 1734), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 41, 1734-1735. Accessed 6 July 2021
  17. ^ "31 Petition of Capt. Taverner(...)to the Council of Trade and Plantations" (February 2, 1734), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 41, 1734-1735. Accessed 5 July 2021
  18. ^ "40 Capt. Taverner to the Council of Trade and Plantations" (February 12, 1734), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 41, 1734-1735. Accessed 5 July 2021
  19. ^ The History of New-York The British Empire in America, Vol. I, Second Edition (1741), pg. 262. Accessed 2 July 2021
  20. ^ "222 viii Minutes of Council of New York" (April 1, 1734), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 41, 1734-1735. Accessed 6 July 2021
  21. ^ "222 Governor Cosby to the Council of Trade and Plantations" (June 19, 1734), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 41, 1734-1735; for excerpt of deed of trust, scroll down to 222 v. Accessed 5 July 2021
  22. ^ 338, i, ii Petition for Mohawk River land (October 9, 1734), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 41, 1734-1735. Accessed 6 July 2021
  23. ^ "222 i Governor Cosby's Speech to the Assembly of New York" (April 25, 1734), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 41, 1734-1735. Accessed 5 July 2021
  24. ^ 180 Letter of Lt. Gov. Gooch (May 24, 1734), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 41, 1734-1735. Accessed 5 July 2021
  25. ^ "10 Assembly of New Hampshire to the Council of Trade and Plantations" (January 16, 1734), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 41, 1734-1735. Accessed 5 July 2021
  26. ^ "242 ii Report of Attorney and Solicitor General upon the petition of Mr. da Costa" (April 15, 1734), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 41, 1734-1735. Accessed 6 July 2021 (scroll up to 242 i to read da Costa petition)
  27. ^ "Boston, Aug. 5" The New-York Gazette (August 12, 1734), image 4. Accessed 8 July 2021
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