1740 in Canada

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Events from the year 1740 in Canada.

Incumbents[]

  • French Monarch: Louis XV
  • British and Irish Monarch: George II

Governors[]

  • Governor General of New France: Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois
  • Colonial Governor of Louisiana: Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville
  • Governor of Nova Scotia: Paul Mascarene
  • Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland: Henry Medley

Events[]

  • 1740s: The Mandan Indians west of the Great Lakes begin to trade in horses descended from those brought to Texas by the Spanish. Itinerant Assiniboine Indians bring them from Mandan settlements to their own territories southwest of Lake Winnipeg.
  • 1740-1748:[1] The War of the Austrian Succession, with the American counterpart King George's War.

Births[]


Deaths[]

Historical documents[]

Description of making and using Mi'kmaw canoes, both moosehide (in past) and birchbark currently used[2]

Woman in Montreal who needs money sells enslaved 20-year-old Pawnee named Manon for 300 livres "in receipts from the Beaver trade"[3]

In spring and summer, Joseph La France canoes Rainy Lake and Lake of the Woods, meeting Monsoni Ojibwe and "Sturgeon Indians"[4]

Suffering from gout, Jesuit ministers to Indigenous people, parish of 400 and distant members of his flock near Montreal (Note: "savages" used)[5]

Council president Paul Mascarene "notifies the Indians and inhabitants" of Nova Scotia that King has declared war on King of Spain[6]

To preserve "Indulgence they have heitherto Enjoyed," Acadians are reminded to conform to government orders and decisions[7]

Mascarene letter (summary) ends with warning to Acadians to be loyal or face reaction that "will involve the innocent with the guilty"[8]

Acadian deputies to handle "restless spirits" so that "community may not make itself suspected, and avoid the ruin which may overtake it"[9]

Mascarene specifies some civil service roles, and is concerned that in "these thirty years past," Protestants have not peopled Nova Scotia[10]

Handling Acadians' need for new land when it is allowed only to Protestants means letting them take land anyway or expelling them[11]

Fearing unauthorized priest will direct when "a stroke" is to be given their government, Council decides his community must expel him[12]

Priests forbidden to excommunicate "Whereby to Deprive His Majesty's Subjects[...]of Assistance or means To Procure their Livelyhood"[13]

Mascarene advises missionary priest of King's supremacy over both Catholic Church and his conduct in Nova Scotia[14]

Mascarene reports that some shippers into and out of Nova Scotia are not clearing with port authorities[15]

"Succeeded far above our Expectations" - "Indian trade" at Oswego has undercut prices at Montreal by half and increased trade fivefold[16]

"Be always on your Guard" - Hudson's Bay Company urges Bay staff to be prepared for (probably unlikely) attack by Spanish[17]

Given war with Spain and perhaps France, chief factor at Prince of Wales Fort cancels next year's northern expedition in order to augment defences[18]

References[]

  1. ^ "Encyclopædia Britannica:War of the Austrian Succession", War of the Austrian Succession, Encyclopædia Britannica, retrieved 25 March 2015
  2. ^ "Mi'kmaq Canoes" (translation of ca. 1740 letter), from Ruth Holmes Whitehead, "The Old Man Told Us: Excerpts from Micmac History, 1500-1950" (Halifax: Nimbus Publishing Ltd., 1991). Accessed 26 August 2021
  3. ^ "Sales contract for a slave from the panis (Pawnee) nation" (translation; September 7, 1740), Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 26 August 2021
  4. ^ Arthur Dobbs, "On the South-west Side of the Lake(...)" An Account of the Countries adjoining to Hudson's Bay (1744), pgs. 33-4. Accessed 31 August 2021
  5. ^ Letter of Father Luc François Nau (October 2, 1740), The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, Vol. LXIX. Accessed 31 August 2021 http://moses.creighton.edu/kripke/jesuitrelations/relations_69.html (scroll down to Page 45)
  6. ^ "Notice of Declaration of War" (May 15, 1740), Nova Scotia Archives; Commission Book, 1720-1741, pg. 236. Accessed 30 August 2021
  7. ^ "Mascarene to the Deputies" (May 27, 1740), Nova Scotia Archives; Governor's Letter-Book, Annapolis, 1719-1742, pgs. 133-4. Accessed 27 August 2021
  8. ^ "Mascarene to Bergeau" (July 7, 1740), Nova Scotia Archives; Governor's Letter-Book, Annapolis, 1719-1742, pg. 137. (See Mascarene to Bourg for elaboration) Accessed 27 August 2021
  9. ^ "Memoire pour Monsieur; 4" (May 27, 1740), Nova Scotia Archives; Commission Book, 1720-1741, pg. 241. Accessed 30 August 2021
  10. ^ Mascarene to Board of Trade ("received 19 Nov. 1740"), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pgs.110-11. Accessed 31 August 2021
  11. ^ Mascarene to Secretary of State (November 15, 1740), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pgs.108-10. Accessed 31 August 2021
  12. ^ Steps taken against Father St. Poncy (September 18, 1740), Nova Scotia Archives; Minutes of H.M. Council, 1736-1749, pgs. 32-3 Accessed 30 August 2021
  13. ^ "Proclamation Regarding Romish Priests" (July 3, 1740), Nova Scotia Archives; Commission Book, 1720-1741, pg. 242. Accessed 30 August 2021
  14. ^ "Mascarene to des Enclaves" (July 4, 1740), Nova Scotia Archives; Governor's Letter-Book, Annapolis, 1719-1742, pg. 135. (See following two entries (pgs. 135-6) for details of government policy on religion) Accessed 27 August 2021
  15. ^ "Mascarene to Wm Pegrum, Surveyor Gen." (June 7, 1740), Nova Scotia Archives; Governor's Letter-Book, Annapolis, 1719-1742, pgs. 134-5. Accessed 27 August 2021
  16. ^ "From J. A. Esq; to Mr. P. C. of London, shewing the Success of the Measures taken at that Time" (New York, 1740), The History of the Five Indian Nations of Canada (1747), pgs. 42-4. Accessed 26 August 2021
  17. ^ "Extract of a Letter to the chief Factor and Council, at Prince of Wales's Fort" (May 1, 1740), Report[...]into the State and Condition of the Countries adjoining to Hudson's Bay (1749), pg. 282. Accessed 26 August 2021
  18. ^ "From Richard Norton and Council" (August 9, 1740), Report[...]into the State and Condition of the Countries adjoining to Hudson's Bay (1749), pg. 273. Accessed 26 August 2021


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