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Lieutenant Governor of Vermont: Henry Olin (Democratic-Republican) (until month and day unknown), Mark Richards (National Republican) (starting month and day unknown)
Events[]
January 11 – LaGrange College (now the University of North Alabama) opens, becoming the first publicly chartered college in Alabama.
January 12–27 – Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina debates the question of states' rights vs. federal authority with Daniel Webster of Massachusetts in the United States Congress.
March 12 – : The United States Supreme Court rules that state loan certificates are unconstitutional.
May 24 – Sarah Josepha Hale's nursery rhyme "Mary Had a Little Lamb" is published in Boston.
May 28 – US congress passes the Indian Removal Act.
January 7 – Emerson Opdycke, businessman and Union Army brigadier general during the American Civil War (died 1884)
January 8 – Gouverneur K. Warren, civil engineer and Union Army general in the American Civil War (died 1882)
January 19 – George B. Cosby, Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War (died 1909)
January 25 – Thomas W. Palmer, United States Senator from Michigan from 1883 till 1889. (died 1913)
January 31 – James G. Blaine, United States Senator from Maine from 1876 till 1881 and United States Secretary of State in 1881 and from 1889 till 1892. (died 1893)
March 1 – Alexander Caldwell United States Senator from Kansas from 1871 till 1873. (died 1917)
March 20 – Eugene Asa Carr, Union Army general in the American Civil War (died 1910)
April 26 – Thomas M. Norwood, United States Senator from Georgia from 1871 till 1877. (died 1913)
May 9 – Harriet Lane, acting First Lady of the United States during James Buchanan's presidency (died 1903)
May 13 – Zebulon Baird Vance, Confederate military officer in the American Civil War, the 37th and 43rd Governor of North Carolina, U.S. Senator (died 1894)
May 23 –
Henry M. Teller, United States Senator from Colorado from 1876 till 1882 and from 1885 till 1909. (died 1914)
George Lucas Hartsuff, Union Armymajor general in the American Civil War (died 1874)
November 26 – Horace Tabor, United States Senator from Colorado in 1883. (died 1899)
December 8 – William Pitt Kellogg, United States Senator from Louisiana from 1868 till 1872 and from 1877 till 1883. (died 1918)