1939 in the United States

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

US flag 48 stars.svg
1939
in
the United States

Decades:
  • 1910s
  • 1920s
  • 1930s
  • 1940s
  • 1950s
See also:

Events from the year 1939 in the United States.

Incumbents[]

Federal Government[]

  • President: Franklin D. Roosevelt (D-New York)
  • Vice President: John Nance Garner (D-Texas)
  • Chief Justice: Charles Evans Hughes (New York)
  • Speaker of the House of Representatives: William B. Bankhead (D-Alabama)
  • Senate Majority Leader: Alben W. Barkley (D-Kentucky)
  • Congress: 75th (until January 3), 76th (starting January 3)

Events[]

Fallingwater

January[]

  • January 1
    • The Hewlett-Packard Company is founded.
    • Texas A&M University wins its only football national championship.
  • January 5 – Amelia Earhart is officially declared dead after her 1937 disappearance.

February[]

  • February 6 – Raymond Chandler's hardboiled California private detective Philip Marlowe is introduced in his first full-length work of crime fiction, The Big Sleep, published by Alfred A. Knopf.
  • February 20 – A Nazi rally was organized by the German American Bund at Madison Square Garden. More than 20,000 people attended, and Fritz Julius Kuhn was a featured speaker.
  • February 21 – The Golden Gate International Exposition opens in San Francisco.
  • February 23 – The 11th Academy Awards are presented at Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles without an official host, with Frank Capra's You Can't Take It with You winning the Academy Award for Outstanding Production. The film is receives the most nominations with seven, with Capra winning his third Best Director award. Michael Curtiz and William Keighley's The Adventures of Robin Hood receives the most awards with three.
  • February 27 – Sitdown strikes are outlawed by the Supreme Court of the United States.

March[]

  • March 3 – Students at Harvard University demonstrate the new tradition of swallowing goldfish to reporters.[1]
  • March 28 – American adventurer Richard Halliburton delivers a last message from a Chinese junk, before he disappears on a voyage across the Pacific Ocean.

April[]

  • April 9 – African-American singer Marian Anderson performs before 75,000 people at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., after having been denied the use both of Constitution Hall by the Daughters of the American Revolution, and of a public high school by the federally controlled District of Columbia. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt resigns from the DAR because of their decision.
  • April 10 – Alcoholics Anonymous ("The Big Book") is first published.
  • April 14 – John Steinbeck's novel The Grapes of Wrath is first published.
  • April 16 – The Boston Bruins defeat the Toronto Maple Leafs in the fifth and final game of the Stanley Cup Finals to capture their second championship.
  • April 30 – The 1939 New York World's Fair opens.

May[]

  • May 1 – Batman makes his first appearance in Detective Comics #27.
  • May 2 – Major League Baseball's Lou Gehrig, the legendary Yankee first baseman known as "The Iron Horse", ends his 2,130 consecutive games played streak after contracting amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The record stands for 56 years before Cal Ripken, Jr. plays 2,131 consecutive games.
  • May 20 – Pan American Airways begins trans-Atlantic mail service with the inaugural flight of its Boeing 314 flying boat Yankee Clipper from Port Washington, New York to Marseille.

June[]

  • June – Superman (comic book) begins publication.
  • June 4 – The SS St. Louis, a ship carrying a cargo of 907 Jewish refugees, is denied permission to land in Florida after already having been turned away from Cuba. Forced to return to Europe, many of the passengers later die in Nazi death camps during the Holocaust.
  • June 6 – The first Little League Baseball game is played in Williamsport, Pennsylvania.[2]
  • June 12 – The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum is officially dedicated in Cooperstown, New York.
  • June 21 – The New York Yankees announce first baseman Lou Gehrig's retirement, after doctors reveal he has amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

July[]

  • July 2
    • The 1st World Science Fiction Convention opens in New York City.
    • The newly-sculpted head of Theodore Roosevelt is dedicated at Mount Rushmore, by Harlan J. Bushfield and William S. Hart.[3]
  • July 4 – Lou Gehrig gives his "Farewell to Baseball" speech at Yankee Stadium. In it, he says, "Today, I consider myself the luckiest man on the face of the earth."
  • July 8 – The Pan American Airways Boeing 314 flying boat Yankee Clipper inaugurates the world's first heavier-than-air North Atlantic air passenger service between the United States (Port Washington, New York) and Britain.

August[]

  • August 2 – Albert Einstein writes to President Franklin Roosevelt about developing the atomic bomb using uranium.[4][circular reference] This leads to the creation of the Manhattan Project.
  • August 15 – MGM's classic musical film The Wizard of Oz, based on L. Frank Baum's famous novel, and starring Judy Garland as Dorothy, premieres at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood.

September[]

  • September 5 – World War II: The United States declares its neutrality in the war.
  • September 11 – Mark Twain National Forest is established.
  • September 21 – Radio station WJSV in Washington, D.C. records an entire broadcast day for preservation in the National Archives.
  • September 29 – Gerald J. Cox, speaking at an American Water Works Association meeting, becomes the first person to publicly propose the fluoridation of public water supplies in the United States.
  • September 30 – 1939 Waynesburg vs. Fordham football game, the first televised American football game, between college teams Fordham University and Waynesburg College at Randall's Island, New York.

October[]

  • October 8 - The New York Yankees defeat the Cincinnati Reds in the fourth and final game of the World Series, to capture their fourth consecutive championship.
  • October 11 – Manhattan Project: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt is presented a letter signed by Albert Einstein, urging the United States to rapidly develop the atomic bomb.
  • October 15 – The New York Municipal Airport (later renamed La Guardia Airport) is dedicated.
  • October 24 – Nylon stockings go on sale for the first time anywhere in Wilmington, Delaware.
  • October 25 – The Time of Your Life, a drama by William Saroyan, debuts in New York City.

November[]

  • November 4 – World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders the United States Customs Service to implement the Neutrality Act of 1939, allowing cash-and-carry purchases of weapons to non-belligerent nations.
  • November 6 – Hedda Hopper's Hollywood debuts on radio with Hollywood gossip columnist Hedda Hopper as host (the show runs until 1951, making Hopper a powerful figure in the Hollywood elite).
  • November 8 – CBS television station W2XAB resumes test transmission with an all-electronic system broadcast from the top of the Chrysler Building in New York City.[5]
  • November 15 – In Washington, D.C., U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt lays the cornerstone of the Jefferson Memorial.

December[]

  • December 2 – La Guardia Airport opens for business in New York City.
  • December 15 – The film Gone with the Wind, starring Vivien Leigh, Clark Gable, Olivia de Havilland and Leslie Howard, premieres at Loew's Grand Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia. It is based on Margaret Mitchell's best-selling novel. It is the longest American film made up to this time (nearly four hours).
  • December 22 – The second cel-animated feature film and the first produced by an American studio other than Walt Disney Productions, Gulliver's Travels (by Fleischer Studios, and very loosely based upon the book by Jonathan Swift), is released.

Undated[]

  • Sandia View Academy, a private Adventist school, is founded in Corrales, New Mexico,
  • General Motors introduces the Hydra-Matic drive, the first mass-produced, fully automatic transmission, as an option in 1940 model year Oldsmobile automobiles.
  • Construction of Fallingwater, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, is completed.
  • A logging crew sets off the second of three major forest fires in the Tillamook Burn of Oregon, which destroys 209,690 acres (848.6 km2).[6]

Births[]

January[]

  • January 3Gene Summers, American rock 'n' roll singer (member of Rockabilly Hall of Fame)
  • January 8Ruth Maleczech, American actress (d. 2013)
  • January 9Jimmy Boyd, American singer, musician and actor (d. 2009)
  • January 10
    • David Horowitz, American conservative writer
    • William Levy, American-Dutch journalist, author, and poet (d. 2019)
    • Sal Mineo, American actor (d. 1976)
    • Bill Toomey, American athlete
  • January 12
    • William Lee Golden, American country and gospel singer, member of the Oak Ridge Boys
    • Jim Palosaari, American evangelist (d. 2011)
  • January 13Paul Henderson, journalist and winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting (d. 2018)[7]
  • January 16Mac Curtis, American singer (d. 2013)
  • January 17Maury Povich, American talk show host
  • January 18Bo Gritz, U.S. Presidential candidate
  • January 19Phil Everly, American rock 'n' roll musician (member of Rockabilly Hall of Fame) (d. 2014)
  • January 20Paul Coverdell, American politician (d. 2000)
  • January 27Julius Lester, American civil rights activist, writer, musician, photographer, and professor (d. 2018)
  • January 29Ray Stevens, American musician
  • January 31Jerry Brudos, American serial killer (d. 2006)

February[]

Mike Farrell
Ray Manzarek
  • February 1Joe Sample, American pianist, keyboardist, and composer (d. 2014)
  • February 3Michael Cimino, American film director (d. 2016)
  • February 4Stan Lundine, American politician
  • February 6
    • Augie Garrido, American baseball player, coach (d. 2018)
    • Mike Farrell, American actor
  • February 9
    • Red Lane, American singer, songwriter (d. 2015)
    • Barry Mann, American songwriter
  • February 10Barbara Kolb, American composer
  • February 11
    • Gerry Goffin, American lyricist (d. 2014)
    • Jane Yolen, American writer and poet
  • February 12
    • John D. Hancock, American actor and film director
    • Ray Manzarek, American keyboardist (The Doors) (d. 2013)
  • February 14Blowfly, American musician, songwriter and record producer (d. 2016)
  • February 15Robert Hansen, American serial killer (d. 2014)
  • February 18Dal Maxvill, American baseball player and manager
  • February 23Rachel Elkind-Tourre, American record producer
  • February 25John Leonard, American literary, television, film, and cultural critic (d. 2008)
  • February 27Peter Revson, American race car driver (d. 1974)
  • February 28Tommy Tune, American dancer, choreographer, and actor

March[]

Neil Sedaka
  • March 2Manch Wheeler, American footballer (d. 2018)
  • March 4Jack Fisher, former American Major League baseball pitcher
  • March 6Kit Bond, American politician
  • March 9Malcolm Bricklin, American automotive pioneer
  • March 12Johnny Callison, American baseball player (d. 2006)
  • March 13Neil Sedaka, American singer-songwriter
  • March 15Ted Kaufman, American politician
  • March 17Jim Gary, American sculptor (d. 2006)
  • March 25Toni Cade Bambara, African-American writer (d. 1995)
  • March 29Jonathan Daniels, civil rights leader and Episcopal seminarist (d. 1965)[8]

April[]

Marvin Gaye
Francis Ford Coppola
  • April 1Phil Niekro, American baseball player (d. 2020)
  • April 2Marvin Gaye, African-American singer, songwriter, and record producer (murdered in 1984)
  • April 4
    • JoAnne Carner, American professional golfer
    • Ernie Terrell, African-American professional boxer (d. 2014)
  • April 5Ronald White, American musician (d. 1995)
  • April 7Francis Ford Coppola, American film director
  • April 8Elizabeth Clare Prophet, American writer (d. 2009)
  • April 9George Harrison, American competition swimmer (d. 2011)
  • April 10Alan Rothenberg, American lawyer and sports executive
  • April 11Louise Lasser, American actress
  • April 13Paul Sorvino, American actor
  • April 16John Delafose, Zydeco accordionist (d. 1994)
  • April 22Jason Miller, American playwright, actor (d. 2001)
  • April 23
    • Lee Majors, American actor
    • Ray Peterson, American singer (d. 2005)

May[]

Judy Collins
Harvey Keitel
  • May 1
    • Judy Collins, American singer, songwriter
    • Max Robinson, American journalist and academic (d. 1988)
  • May 4Paul Gleason, American actor (d. 2006)
  • May 8Paul Drayton, American Olympic athlete (d. 2010)
  • May 9Ralph Boston, American athlete
  • May 11Milt Pappas, American baseball player (d. 2016)
  • May 12Ron Ziegler, White House Press Secretary (d. 2003)
  • May 13Harvey Keitel, American actor
  • May 15Barbara Hammer, American filmmaker (d. 2019)
  • May 19
    • Sonny Fortune, American jazz musician (d. 2018)
    • Nancy Kwan, American actress
    • Dick Scobee, American astronaut (d. 1986)[9]
  • May 22Paul Winfield, African-American actor (d. 2004)
  • May 25Dixie Carter, American actress (d. 2010)
  • May 26
    • Brent Musburger, American sports announcer
    • Herb Trimpe, American author and illustrator (d. 2015)
  • May 27
    • Marilyn McLeod, American songwriter (d. 2021)
    • Don Williams, American country singer (d. 2017)
  • May 29Al Unser, American race car driver
  • May 30Michael J. Pollard, American actor

June[]

Lou Brock
John F. MacArthur
  • June 2John Schlee, American golfer (d. 2000)
  • June 6Marian Wright Edelman, American activist, founder of Children's Defense Fund
  • June 8
    • Herb Adderley, American football player (d. 2020)
    • Bernie Casey, African-American football player and actor (d. 2017)
    • Ruthe Blalock Jones, American painter
  • June 11
    • Wilma Burgess, American country music singer (d. 2003)
    • Christina Crawford, author and actress
  • June 14Tom Matte, American football player (d. 2021)
  • June 16Billy "Crash" Craddock, American country and rockabilly singer
  • June 18Lou Brock, African-American baseball player (d. 2020)[10]
  • June 19John F. MacArthur, American pastor
  • June 21Charles Boone, American composer
  • June 24
    • Stephen Dunn, American poet (d. 2021)[11]
    • Henry L. Garrett III, American politician
  • June 25
    • Curtis McClinton, American football player
    • Barbara Montgomery, American actress
  • June 26Chuck Robb, American politician
  • June 27Brereton C. Jones, American politician
  • June 28
    • Jack Harbaugh, American football player, coach
    • Wally English, American football coach
  • June 30Martin A. Herman, American politician

July[]

Mavis Staples
John Negroponte
Susan Flannery
  • July 1Frank Parker, American actor (d. 2018)
  • July 2
    • John H. Sununu, American politician
    • Mike Castle, American attorney, politician
  • July 4
    • Lee Folkins, American football tight end
    • George Vecsey, American journalist, sportswriter
  • July 5Booker Edgerson, American football player
  • July 6Bruce Hunter, American competition swimmer (d. 2018)
  • July 10Mavis Staples, African-American rhythm and blues, gospel singer, actress and civil rights activist
  • July 11
    • Larry Laoretti, American golfer
    • Stephen Berger, American entrepreneur, investment banker, civil servant and political advisor
  • July 12
    • Barbara Crossette, American journalist, author
    • Arlen Ness, American motorcycle designer, entrepreneur (d. 2019)
  • July 13Clara Leach Adams-Ender, U.S. Army officer
  • July 14
    • Sid Haig, American actor (d. 2019)
    • George E. Slusser, American scholar, writer (d. 2014)
  • July 15Patrick Wayne, actor
  • July 16
    • William Bell, American soul singer, songwriter
    • Denise LaSalle, African-American blues and R&B/soul singer, songwriter and record producer (d. 2018)
  • July 18Dion DiMucci, American singer-songwriter
  • July 20Judy Chicago, American feminist artist[12]
  • July 21John Negroponte, U.S. Director of National Intelligence
  • July 22Raul Yzaguirre, American civil rights activist
  • July 26Bob Lilly, American football player
  • July 27
    • Irv Cross, American football player and sportscaster (d. 2021)
    • William Eggleston, American photographer
  • July 30Peter Bogdanovich, American film director (d. 2022)
  • July 31Susan Flannery, American soap opera actress

August[]

George Hamilton
Clarence Williams III
Valerie Harper
  • August 1
    • Terry Kiser, American actor
    • Robert James Waller, American novelist (d. 2017)
  • August 2
    • Benjamin Barber, American political theorist, author (d. 2017)
    • Wes Craven, American film director, writer (d. 2015)
    • John W. Snow, 73rd United States Secretary of the Treasury
  • August 4Frankie Ford, American singer (d. 2015)
  • August 9The Mighty Hannibal, American singer, songwriter and record producer (d. 2014)
  • August 12
    • Skip Caray, American baseball broadcaster (d. 2008)
    • George Hamilton, American actor
    • David Jacobs, American producer, writer
  • August 13Howard Tate, American soul singer, songwriter (d. 2011)
  • August 16
    • Billy Joe Shaver, American country singer-songwriter (d. 2020)
    • Eric Weissberg, American folk musician (d. 2020)
  • August 18
    • Molly Bee, American country music singer (d. 2009)
    • Johnny Preston, American singer (d. 2011)
  • August 21Clarence Williams III, African-American actor (The Mod Squad)
  • August 22
    • Sally Grossman, American model (d. 2021)
    • Valerie Harper, American actress (d. 2019)
    • Carl Yastrzemski, baseball player
  • August 27Bill Mulliken, American competition swimmer (d. 2014)
  • August 29Joel Schumacher, American film producer and director (d. 2020)
  • August 30Elizabeth Ashley, American actress

September[]

Lily Tomlin
Fred Willard
Larry Linville
  • September 1Lily Tomlin, American actress and comedian
  • September 5
    • Donna Anderson, American actress
    • Claudette Colvin, American civil rights activist and nurse
    • William Devane, American actor
    • John Stewart, American folk musician (d. 2008)
  • September 6
    • Brigid Berlin, American actress, artist
    • Dan Cragg, American science-fiction author
    • David Allan Coe, American country singer, songwriter and musician
  • September 7S. David Griggs, American astronaut (d. 1989)
  • September 9Ron McDole, American football player
  • September 10Greg Mullavey, American actor
  • September 11Charles Geschke, American inventor and businessman
  • September 12
    • Henry Waxman, American politician
    • Phillip Ramey, American composer
  • September 13Richard Kiel, American actor (d. 2014)
  • September 17David Souter, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
  • September 18Fred Willard, American actor and comedian (d. 2020)
  • September 20Michu Meszaros, Hungarian-born American actor (ALF) (d. 2016)
  • September 22
    • Gilbert E. Patterson, American minister and bishop (d. 2007)
    • Tim Wirth, American politician
  • September 24
    • Mark Elliott, voice-over artist for the Walt Disney Company
    • Wayne Henderson, American trombonist, record producer (d. 2014)
    • Patrick Kearney, American serial killer
  • September 25David S. Mann, American lawyer, politician
  • September 26Judith Appelbaum, American editor, consultant and author (d. 2018)
  • September 27Kathy Whitworth, American professional golfer
  • September 29Larry Linville, American actor (M*A*S*H) (d. 2000)

October[]

Ralph Lauren
Lee Harvey Oswald
  • October 1
    • George Archer, American golfer (d. 2005)
    • Mariah A. Taylor, founder of the North Portland Nurse Practitioner Community Health Clinic
  • October 6Ellen Travolta, American actress
  • October 7
    • John Hopcroft, American computer scientist
    • Bill Snyder, American football coach
  • October 8Lynne Stewart, American defense attorney (d. 2017)
  • October 9O. V. Wright, American singer (d. 1980)
  • October 12Carolee Schneemann, American visual artist (d. 2019)[13]
  • October 13T. J. Cloutier, American poker player
  • October 14Ralph Lauren, American fashion designer
  • October 15Peter Gotti, mobster (d. 2021)
  • October 18Lee Harvey Oswald, American assassin of John F. Kennedy (d. 1963)
  • October 23Charles R. Morris, American lawyer, banker and author (d. 2021)[14]
  • October 24F. Murray Abraham, American actor
  • October 27Suzy Covey, American scholar of popular culture (d. 2007)
  • October 28Jane Alexander, American actress
  • October 30
    • Leland H. Hartwell, American scientist
    • Grace Slick, American rock singer (Jefferson Airplane)
  • October 31Ron Rifkin, American actor

November[]

Barbara Bosson
Tina Turner
  • November 1Barbara Bosson, American actress
  • November 9Paul Cameron, American psychologist
  • November 13Will Ryan, American voice actor
  • November 14Wendy Carlos, American electronic composer
  • November 15
    • Yaphet Kotto, African-American actor (d. 2021)[15]
    • Thalmus Rasulala, American actor (d. 1991)
  • November 18
    • John O'Keefe, American-born neuroscientist
    • Larry Libertore, American football player (d. 2017)
    • Liz J. Patterson, American politician (d. 2018)
    • Brenda Vaccaro, American actress
  • November 19Tom Harkin, American politician
  • November 20Dick Smothers, American actor, comedian
  • November 21Budd Dwyer, American politician (d. 1987)
  • November 23Betty Everett, African-American soul singer, pianist (d. 2001)
  • November 26Tina Turner, African-American singer and actress
  • November 29Peter Bergman, American comedian (d. 2012)

December[]

John Amos
  • December 1Lee Trevino, American golfer
  • December 2Harry Reid, American politician (d. 2021)
  • December 8Jerry Butler, African-American singer-songwriter and politician
  • December 11
    • Tom Hayden, academic, activist and politician (d. 2016)
    • Thomas McGuane, author and screenwriter
  • December 14Ernie Davis, American football player (d. 1963)
  • December 15Cindy Birdsong, African-American singer
  • December 17Eddie Kendricks, African-American singer (The Temptations) (d. 1992)
  • December 18Harold E. Varmus, American scientist, winner of the Nobel Prize for Medicine
  • December 20Kathryn Joosten, American actress (d. 2012)
  • December 22Jerry Pinkney, American illustrator of children's books (d. 2021)
  • December 24Dean Corll, serial killer, rapist, kidnapper and torturer (k. 1973)
  • December 25
    • Don Alias, jazz percussionist (d. 2006)
    • Bob James, musician
  • December 26Phil Spector, American record producer and murderer (d. 2021)
  • December 27John Amos, African-American actor
  • December 29Ed Bruce, American country singer and actor (d. 2021)

Deaths[]

  • January 8Charles Eastman, Native American author, physician, reformer, helped found the Boy Scouts of America (born 1858)
  • January 13Arthur Barker, son of Ma Barker and a member of the Barker-Karpis gang (born 1899)
  • January 25Helen Ware, stage and screen actress (born 1877)
  • January 26Newell Sanders, businessman and politician (born 1850)
  • February 17Fred Gamble, actor (born 1868)
  • March 19Lloyd L. Gaines, civil rights activist (born 1911) (disappeared, presumed dead)[16]
  • April 6Bennie Dickson, bank robber (date of birth unknown)
  • April 28Anne Walter Fearn, American physician (born 1867).[17]
  • May 2Phillips Smalley, actor and director (born 1865)
  • May 10James Parrott, actor (born 1898)
  • May 14Fanny Searls (born 1851), American botanist.[18]
  • May 20Joseph Carr, 2nd president of the National Football League (born 1880)
  • May 23Witmer Stone, ornithologist and botanist (born 1866)
  • May 27Alfred A. Cunningham, first United States Marine Corps aviator (born 1882)
  • May 30Floyd Roberts, race car driver (born 1900)
  • June 4Tommy Ladnier, jazz trumpeter (born 1900)
  • June 6George Fawcett, actor (born 1860)
  • June 9Owen Moore, actor (born 1886)
  • June 16Chick Webb, musician (born 1905)
  • June 19Grace Abbott, social worker and activist (born 1878)
  • June 28
    • James William McCarthy, judge (born 1872)
    • Bobby Vernon, actor (born 1898)
  • July 7Deacon White, baseball player and MLB Hall of Famer (born 1847)
  • August 2Harvey Spencer Lewis, mystic (born 1883)
  • August 23Sidney Howard, writer (born 1891)
  • October 1Conway Tearle, actor (born 1878)
  • October 3Fay Templeton, musical comedy star (born 1865)
  • October 7Harvey Cushing, neurosurgeon (born 1869)
  • October 13Ford Sterling, actor (born 1882)
  • October 23Zane Grey, writer (born 1872)
  • October 28Alice Brady, actress (born 1892)
  • October 29Dwight B. Waldo, educator and historian (born 1864)
  • November 13Lois Weber, actress (born 1881)[19]
  • November 16Pierce Butler, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (born 1866)[20]
  • December 11John Harron, actor (born 1903)
  • December 12Charles Rudolph Walgreen, businessman (born 1873)
  • December 12Douglas Fairbanks, actor (born 1883)
  • December 19Reginald F. Nicholson, United States Navy admiral (born 1852)
  • December 22Ma Rainey, blues singer (born 1886)
  • December 26Blanche Butler Ames, First Lady of Mississippi (born 1847)

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Clark, Laura. "he Great Goldfish Swallowing Craze of 1939 Never Really Ended". smithsonianmag.com. The Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  2. ^ Auken, Robin (2002). The Little League Baseball World Series. Charleston, S.C: Arcadia. p. 16. ISBN 9780738510262.
  3. ^ Geological Survey Water-supply Paper. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1973. p. 5.
  4. ^ "Einstein–Szilárd letter". Wikipedia.com.
  5. ^ "Early Television Stations – W2XAB/W2XAX/WCBW – CBS, New York". Early Television Museum. Hilliard, OH. Retrieved 2014-11-26.
  6. ^ The Southern Lumberman. J. H. Baird Publishing Company. 1960. p. 103. Archived from the original on July 24, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  7. ^ Paul Henderson, Pulitzer Prize-winning Seattle Times reporter who championed the underdog, dies at 79 | The Seattle Times
  8. ^ Zimet, Abby (March 20, 2019). "In Praise Of Jonathan Daniels and Ruby Sales: Greater Love Hath No Man Than This". Common Dreams. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
  9. ^ "Space Shuttle Challenger Fast Facts". CNN. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  10. ^ Goldstein, Richard. "Lou Brock, Baseball Hall of Famer Known for Stealing Bases, Dies at 81". The New York Times.
  11. ^ Pulitzer Prize-winning poet, Finzel resident Stephen Dunn dies at 82
  12. ^ "Judy Chicago". Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers. 26 February 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
  13. ^ "Carolee Schneemann". Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers. 27 February 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  14. ^ Charles R. Morris Cause Of Death, Iconoclastic Author on Economics, Dies at 82
  15. ^ Whitmore, Greg (16 March 2021). "Yaphet Kotto: a life in pictures". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  16. ^ Focus Midwest. FOCUS/Midwest Publishing Company. 1974. p. 27.
  17. ^ Clifton J., Philips (1971). "Fearn, Anne Walter". In James, Edward T. (ed.). Notable American Women, 1607-1950: A Biographical Dictionary. 1. p. 603. ISBN 978-0-67462-734-5.
  18. ^ Tiehm, Arnold (1985). "Fanny Searls (1851-1939)". Brittonia. 37 (1): 42. doi:10.1007/BF02809668. S2CID 87755152.
  19. ^ "Lois Weber". BFI. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
  20. ^ Pierce Butler United States jurist

External links[]

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