1831

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Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
  • 18th century
  • 19th century
  • 20th century
Decades:
  • 1810s
  • 1820s
  • 1830s
  • 1840s
  • 1850s
Years:
  • 1828
  • 1829
  • 1830
  • 1831
  • 1832
  • 1833
  • 1834
1831 in topic
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1831 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1831
MDCCCXXXI
Ab urbe condita2584
Armenian calendar1280
ԹՎ ՌՄՁ
Assyrian calendar6581
Balinese saka calendar1752–1753
Bengali calendar1238
Berber calendar2781
British Regnal year1 Will. 4 – 2 Will. 4
Buddhist calendar2375
Burmese calendar1193
Byzantine calendar7339–7340
Chinese calendar庚寅年 (Metal Tiger)
4527 or 4467
    — to —
辛卯年 (Metal Rabbit)
4528 or 4468
Coptic calendar1547–1548
Discordian calendar2997
Ethiopian calendar1823–1824
Hebrew calendar5591–5592
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1887–1888
 - Shaka Samvat1752–1753
 - Kali Yuga4931–4932
Holocene calendar11831
Igbo calendar831–832
Iranian calendar1209–1210
Islamic calendar1246–1247
Japanese calendarTenpō 2
(天保２年)
Javanese calendar1758–1759
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4164
Minguo calendar81 before ROC
民前81年
Nanakshahi calendar363
Thai solar calendar2373–2374
Tibetan calendar阳金虎年
(male Iron-Tiger)
1957 or 1576 or 804
    — to —
阴金兔年
(female Iron-Rabbit)
1958 or 1577 or 805
July 21: Coronation of Leopold I of Belgium

1831 (MDCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1831st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 831st year of the 2nd millennium, the 31st year of the 19th century, and the 2nd year of the 1830s decade. As of the start of 1831, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events[]

January–March[]

  • January 1 – William Lloyd Garrison begins publishing The Liberator, an anti-slavery newspaper, in Boston, Massachusetts.
  • January 10 – Japanese department store, Takashimaya in Kyoto established.[1]
  • February–March – Revolts in Modena, Parma and the Papal States are put down by Austrian troops.
  • February 2 – Pope Gregory XVI succeeds Pope Pius VIII, as the 254th pope.
  • February 5 – Dutch naval lieutenant Jan van Speyk blows up his own gunboat in Antwerp rather than strike his colours on the demand of supporters of the Belgian Revolution.
  • February 7 – The Belgian Constitution of 1831 is approved by the National Congress.
  • February 8 - Aimé Bonpland leaves Paraguay.
  • February 14 – Battle of Debre Abbay: Ras Marye of Yejju marches into Tigray, and defeats and kills the warlord Sabagadis.
  • February 20 – Battle of Olszynka Grochowska (Grochów): Polish rebel forces divide a Russian army.
  • March 10 – The French Foreign Legion is founded.
  • March 16 – Victor Hugo's historical romantic Gothic novel Notre-Dame de Paris, known in English as The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, is published in Paris.
  • March 29 – The Bosnian uprising (1831–32) against the Ottoman Empire begins.

April–June[]

  • April 7 – Pedro I abdicates as Emperor of Brazil in favor of his 5-year-old son Pedro II, who will reign for almost 59 years.
  • April 18
    • The University of Alabama is founded.
    • The Sydney Morning Herald newspaper is first published, as the Sydney Herald.
  • April 27
    • Charles Albert becomes king of Sardinia after the death of King Charles Felix.
    • Ending of the First Anglo-Ashanti War (1823–1831).
  • May 26 – Battle of Ostrołęka: The Poles fight another indecisive battle.
  • May 31 – Auxiliary paddle steamer Sophia Jane arrives at Sydney from London, becoming the first steamboat to operate in the coastal waters of New South Wales.
  • May–June – Merthyr Rising: Coal miners and others riot in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales, for improved working conditions.
  • June 1 – British Royal Navy officer James Clark Ross locates the position of the North Magnetic Pole, on the Boothia Peninsula.
  • June 21 – The North Carolina State House and Canova's George Washington are destroyed by fire in Raleigh, North Carolina.[2]

July–September[]

  • July 13 – Russian imperial officials in Wallachia adopt Regulamentul Organic, introducing a period of unprecedented reforms that provide for Westernization of this region of Romania.
  • July 15 – The volcanic Graham Island briefly emerges in the Mediterranean.
  • July 21 – Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha is inaugurated as the first King of the Belgians, in Brussels.
  • August 2 – The Dutch Ten Days' Campaign against Belgium is halted by a French army.
  • August 7 – American Baptist minister William Miller preaches his first sermon on the Second Advent of Christ in Dresden, New York, launching the Advent Movement in the United States.
  • August 21 – Nat Turner's slave rebellion in the United States breaks out in Southampton County, Virginia.
  • August 29 – Michael Faraday demonstrates electromagnetic induction.[3]
  • September 6–8 – Battle of Warsaw: The Russians take the Polish capital and crush resistance.
  • September 8 – Coronation of King William IV of the United Kingdom (he will reign until 1837).
  • September 22 – The House of Commons of the United Kingdom passes the Great Reform Bill to expand the franchise, but this is later defeated in the House of Lords.
  • September 26–28: The first national presidential nominating convention is held in the United States, by the Anti-Masonic Party, in Baltimore, Maryland.

October–December[]

  • October 9 – Ioannis Kapodistrias, Greek head of state and founder of Greek independence, is assassinated in Nafplion.
  • October 29 – The 1831 Bristol riots ("Queen Square riots") in Bristol (England) begin, in connection with the Great Reform Bill controversy. Quelled by the authorities and the military on October 31, 100 city centre properties are destroyed, at least 120 are estimated to have been killed, 31 of the rioters will be sentenced to death and a colonel facing court-martial for failure to control the riot commits suicide.
  • October 30 – In Southampton County, Virginia, escaped slave Nat Turner is captured and arrested for leading the bloodiest slave rebellion in United States history.
  • November 7 – Slave trading is forbidden in Brazil.
  • November 17 – Ecuador and Venezuela are separated from Gran Colombia.
  • November 22 – First Canut Revolt: After a bloody battle with the military causing 600 casualties, rebellious silk workers seize Lyon, France.
  • December 26 – Global financial services business Assicurazioni Generali is founded in Trieste (at this time in the Austrian Empire) as Imperial Regia Privilegiata Compagnia di Assicurazioni Generali Austro-Italiche.[4]
  • December 27
    • The Baptist War (Christmas Rebellion) begins in Jamaica, with the setting afire of the Kensington House in St James Parish, inspiring thousands of black slaves to revolt against their British masters. At its peak, more than 20,000 people will be involved, and more than 500 killed.[5]
    • Charles Darwin embarks from Plymouth on his historic voyage aboard HMS Beagle.
  • December 31 – Gramercy Park is deeded to New York City.

Date unknown[]

  • Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833): Muhammad Ali of Egypt's French-trained forces occupy Syria.
  • Rifa'a al-Tahtawi returns from study in Paris to Egypt.
  • Founding of:
    • Denison University in Granville, Ohio
    • Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut
    • New York University in New York City
    • Xavier University in Cincinnati (as "The Athenaeum")
    • Wallinska skolan, the first secondary school for girls in the Swedish capital of Stockholm.

Births[]

January–June[]

Myra Bradwell
James Clerk Maxwell
  • January 3 – Savitribai Jyotirao Phule, Indian social reformer, poet (d. 1897)
  • January 7 – Heinrich von Stephan, German postal union organizer (d. 1897)
  • January 11 – Pope Cyril V of Alexandria (d. 1927)
  • January 26 – Heinrich Anton de Bary, German botanist, mycologist (d. 1888)
  • February 12 – Myra Bradwell, American lawyer, political activist (d. 1894)
  • February 24 – Leo von Caprivi, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1899)
  • March 3
    • Gioacchino La Lomia, Italian Roman Catholic priest and venerable (d. 1905)
    • George Pullman, American inventor and industrialist (d. 1897)
  • March 6 – Philip Sheridan, American general (d. 1888)
  • March 12 – Clement Studebaker, American automobile pioneer (d. 1901)
  • March 16 – Elise Hwasser, Swedish actress (d. 1894)
  • April 3 – Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, Queen consort of Portugal (d. 1909)[6]
  • April 19 – Mary Louise Booth, American writer, editor and translator (d. 1889)
  • May 7 – Richard Norman Shaw, British architect (d. 1912)
  • June 1 – John Bell Hood, American Confederate general (d. 1879)
  • June 2 – Jan Gerard Palm, Curaçao-born composer (d. 1906)
  • June 7 – Amelia Edwards, English journalist and author (d. 1892)[7]
  • June 13 – James Clerk Maxwell, Scottish physicist (d. 1879)
  • June 28 – Joseph Joachim, Austrian violinist (d. 1907)

July–December[]

John Pemberton
Xianfeng Emperor
Emperor Kōmei
Lucy Hayes

Date unknown[]

  • Jacob W. Davis, (b. Jacob Youphes), Latvian-born American tailor, inventor of jeans (d. 1908)
  • Sotirios Sotiropoulos, Greek economist, politician (d. 1898)
  • Eugenia Kisimova, Bulgarian feminist, philanthropist, women's rights activist (d. 1885)

Deaths[]

January–June[]

Ludwig Achim von Arnim
Robert Fullerton
  • June 6 – Robert Fullerton, governor of Penang, first governor of British Straits Settlements (b. 1773)
  • June 8 – Sarah Siddons, English actress (b. 1755)
  • June 27 – Sophie Germain, French mathematician (b. 1776)
  • June 30 – William Roscoe, British writer (b. 1753)

July–December[]

Georg Hegel
Hannah Adams

Date unknown[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Takashimaya Archives 1831-1908" (in Japanese). Takashimaya. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  2. ^ Miskimon, Scott A. (2010). "The Fires of 1831: Fayetteville and Raleigh in Flames". State Library of North Carolina.
  3. ^ "Icons, a portrait of England 1820–1840". Archived from the original on September 22, 2007. Retrieved September 12, 2007.
  4. ^ "1831". Generali Group.
  5. ^ Drainville, Andre C. (2013). A History of World Order and Resistance: The Making and Unmaking of Global Subjects. Routledge.
  6. ^ Denmark (1902). Kongelig dansk hof- og statskalender (in Danish). J.H. Schultz Universitetsbogtrykkeri. p. 13.
  7. ^ Benjamin F. Fisher IV (1985). "Amelia B. Edwards". In Bleiler, E. F. (ed.). Supernatural Fiction Writers. New York: Scribner's. p. 255. ISBN 0-684-17808-7.
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