1914 in Germany

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See also:Other events of 1914
History of Germany  • Timeline  • Years

Events in the year 1914 in Germany.

Incumbents[]

National level[]

  • Kaiser – Wilhelm II
  • Chancellor – Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg

State level[]

Kingdoms[]

Grand Duchies[]

  • Grand Duke of Baden – Frederick II
  • Grand Duke of Hesse – Ernest Louis
  • – Frederick Francis IV
  • Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Adolphus Frederick V to 11 June, then Adolphus Frederick VI
  • Grand Duke of Oldenburg – Frederick Augustus II
  • Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – William Ernest

Principalities[]

  • Schaumburg-Lippe – Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
  • Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg
  • Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg
  • Principality of Lippe – Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe
  • Reuss Elder Line – Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz (with Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line, as regent)
  • Reuss Younger Line – Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line
  • Waldeck and Pyrmont – Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

Duchies[]

  • Duke of Anhalt – Frederick II, Duke of Anhalt
  • Duke of Brunswick – Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick
  • Duke of Saxe-Altenburg – Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
  • Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha – Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
  • Duke of Saxe-Meiningen – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen to 25 June, then Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

Colonial Governors[]

  • Cameroon (Kamerun) – initially ... , acting governor, then Karl Ebermaier (2nd and final term)
  • Kiaochow (Kiautschou) – Alfred Meyer-Waldeck to 7 November
  • German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika) – Albert Heinrich Schnee
  • German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) – Albert Hahl (2nd term) tol 13 February, then Eduard Haber (acting governor) until 17 October
  • German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa) – Erich Schultz-Ewerth tol 29 August
  • German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) – Theodor Seitz
  • Togoland – Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg to 31 August

Events[]

April[]

  • April 24 – James Franck and Gustav Hertz's experiment on electron collisions showing internal quantum levels of atoms is presented to the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.

July[]

  • 5 July:
    • The German Kaiser announces that he will not attend the Archduke's funeral.
    • A council is held at Potsdam, powerful leaders within Austria-Hungary and Germany meet to discuss possibilities of war with Serbia, Russia, and France.

August[]

  • 1 August – The German Empire declares war on the Russian Empire, following Russia's military mobilization in support of Serbia; Germany also begins mobilization.
  • 3 August – World War I: Germany declares war on France
  • 4 August:
    • World War I: Germany declares war on Belgium
    • World War I: German troops invade neutral Belgium. The United Kingdom declares war on Germany after the latter fails to respect Belgian neutrality.[1]
  • 7 August – World War I: French and British forces invade and occupy the German colony of Togoland.
  • 9 August:
    • World War I: Battle of Mulhouse begins, the opening attack of by the French army against Germany.
    • World War I: The German submarine Unterseeboot 15 is sunk by the British HMS Birmingham.[1]
  • 23 August
    • The Republic of China cancels the German lease of Kiaochow Bay (Kiautschou).
    • World War I: A New Zealand expeditionary force occupies the German colony of German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa), following an unopposed invasion.
    • World War I: Battle of Mons, the first major action of the war between the British Expeditionary Force and the German Army, in which the German forces are defeated.[1]
  • 28 August – World War I: The Battle of Heligoland - three German cruisers are sunk by British cruisers.

September[]

  • 5–12 September – World War I: First Battle of the Marne begins:[1] Northeast of Paris, German forces are attacked by the British Expeditionary Force and the French 6th Army. Over 2 million fight (500,000 killed/wounded) in victory for the Anglo-French forces.
  • 13–28 September – World War I: First Battle of the Aisne involving British, French and German forces.
  • 21 September– World War I: All German armed forces in German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) surrender to the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force.

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October[]

  • 4 October – Manifesto of the Ninety-Three proclaimed in Germany.
  • 19 October – 22 November – World War I: First Battle of Ypres fought between British, French and German forces in Ypres in Belgium.

November[]

  • 1 November – World War I: Battle of Coronel fought – German forces, led by Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee, defeat a Royal Navy squadron.
  • 7 November – World War I: Following the Siege of Tsingtao, Japanese armed forces assume control of the German colonial concession at Kiaochow Bay (Kiautschou).

December[]

  • 8 December – World War I: The Battle of the Falkland Islands, the German fleet is defeated by the British Royal Navy.[2]
  • 24 December – World War I: German and British soldiers begin an unofficial Christmas truce.

Births[]

January[]

  • 6 January - Heinz Berggruen, German art dealer (died 2007)
  • 12 January – Albrecht von Goertz, German car designer (died 2006)
  • 18 January - Arno Schmidt, German author (died 1979)

February[]

  • 4 February - Alfred Andersch, German writer (died 1980)
  • 20 February - Erich Ziegler, German politician and resistance activist (died 2004)
  • 20 February - Hans Pischner, German conductor (died 2016)
  • 22 February - Karl Otto Götz, German painter (died 2017)

March[]

April[]

  • 8 April – Günter Amelung, highly decorated Rittmeister of the Reserves in the Wehrmacht (died 1944)
  • 12 April - Gretel Bergmann, German high jumper (died 2017)
  • 20 April – Otto Weiß, former German pair skater

May[]

  • 3 May – Eugen-Ludwig Zweigart, German Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (died 1944)
  • 7 May – Joachim Wandel, German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (died 1942)
  • 26 May – Erhard Weiß, German diver (died 1957)
  • 27 May – Otto Weidinger, member of the Waffen-SS (died (1990)

June[]

  • 1 June – Karl Wanka, highly decorated Major of the Reserves in the Wehrmacht during World War II (died 1980)
  • 13 June – Prince Aschwin of Lippe-Biesterfeld, art historian (died 1988)

July[]

  • 1 July – Orli Wald, member of the German Resistance in Nazi Germany (died 1962)
  • 1 July - Christl Cranz, German alpine racer (died 2004)
  • 9 July - Willi Stoph, German politician (died 1999)

August[]

  • 27 August – Heidi Kabel, actress (died 2010)[3]

September[]

  • September 15 - Will Quadflieg, actor (died 2003)
  • September 22 - Siegfried Lowitz, actor (died 1999)

November[]

  • 6 November – Alfred Zwiebel, German-American landscape, floral, and still-life paint (died 2005)
  • 13 November - Paul Lücke, German politician (died 1976)
  • 15 November - Erich Steidtmann, German Nazi SS officer (died 2010)

December[]

  • 5 December – Edmund Wagner, German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (died 1941)
  • 13 December – Fritz Zängl, German skier and soldier (died 1943)
  • 14 December – Karl Carstens, German politician, former President of Germany (died 1992)
  • 19 December – Dietrich Hrabak, German World War II flying ace (died 1995)
  • 21 December – Theodor Weissenberger, German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II (died 1959)
  • 24 December- Herbert Reinecker, German dramatist and screenwriter (died 2007)
  • 26 December – Annemarie Wendl, German actress (died 2006)
  • 29 December – Alfred Vohrer, German film director (died 1986)

Deaths[]

January[]

  • 13 January - Alfred Lichtwark, German art historian and museum curator (born 1852)

March[]

  • 21 March - August Wöhler, German railway engineer (born 1819)
  • 22 March - Otto Harnack, German historian (born 1857)
  • 31 March – Christian Morgenstern, German author (born 1871)

April[]

  • 2 April – Paul Heyse German writer and translator (born 1839)
  • 11 April - Carl Chun, German biologist (born 1852)

May[]

  • 29 May - Paul Mauser, German weapon designer and manufacturer/industrialist (born 1838)

June[]

  • 11 June – Adolphus Frederick V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg, nobleman (born 1848)
  • 16 June - Ferdinand Adolf Kehrer, German gynecologist w (born 1837)
  • 25 June – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, nobleman (born 1826)

August[]

  • 1 August – Adolf Zander, German composer (born 1843)
  • 19 August – Franz Xavier Wernz, German Superior General of the Society of Jesus (born 1842)
  • 24 August – Johannes Weiss, German Protestant theologian and biblical exegete (born 1863)

September[]

  • 9 September - Albert Arnz, German painter (born 1832)
  • 25 September – Alfred Lichtenstein (writer), German writer (born 1889)
  • 26 September – August Macke, German painter (born 1887)
  • 26 September - Hermann Löns, German poet (born 1866)

October[]

  • 4 September – Theodor Weber, German physician (born 1829)
  • 27 September – Robert von Pöhlmann, German ancient historian (born 1852)

November[]

  • 2 November – Heinrich Burkhardt, German mathematician (born 1861)[4]
  • 5 November – August Weismann, German biologist (born 1834)
  • 14 November - Leonhard Tietz, German merchant (born 1849)

December[]

  • 13 December - Walther Bronsart von Schellendorff, German general (born 1833)
  • 17 December – Otto Sackur, 34, (German physical chemist) (born 1880)

Date unknown[]

  • Gustav Weymer, 81, (German entomologist)

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
  2. ^ The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. p. 483. ISBN 1-85986-000-1.
  3. ^ John C. Dove (1992). Who's Who in Germany 1992. Who's who the Internat. Red Series Verlag. p. 1061. ISBN 978-3-921220-65-8.
  4. ^ Renate Tobies (5 January 2012). Iris Runge: A Life at the Crossroads of Mathematics, Science, and Industry. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 88. ISBN 978-3-0348-0251-2.
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