1962 in the United Kingdom

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1962 in the United Kingdom
Other years
1960 | 1961 | 1962 (1962) | 1963 | 1964
Constituent countries of the United Kingdom
| Northern Ireland | Scotland | Wales
Popular culture

Events from the year 1962 in the United Kingdom.

Incumbents[]

  • Monarch – Elizabeth II
  • Prime Minister – Harold Macmillan (Conservative)
  • Parliament – 42nd

Events[]

  • January–April – An outbreak of smallpox spreading from Cardiff infects 45 people and kills 19 in South Wales; 900,000 people in the region are vaccinated against the disease.[1]
  • 2 January – BBC Television broadcasts the first episode of Z-Cars, noted as a realistic portrayal of the police force.
  • 5 January – The first album on which The Beatles play, My Bonnie, credited to "Tony Sheridan and the Beat Brothers" (recorded last June in Hamburg), is released by Polydor.[2][3]
  • 11 January–12 February – Bradford smallpox outbreak of 1962.[4]
  • 18 January – Union-Castle Line ship RMS Transvaal Castle (1961) makes her maiden voyage Southampton–Durban, perhaps the last major British ship built to enter the regular passenger ocean liner trade.
  • 22 January – James Hanratty goes on trial for the A6 murder. He denies the murder of 36-year-old Michael Gregsten and the attempted murder of Mr Gregsten's mistress Valerie Storie, who is paralysed by a gunshot wound.[5]
  • 4 February – The Sunday Times becomes the first newspaper to print a colour supplement.[6]
  • 10 February – End of the Queen's 10th regnal year. From this year, Acts of Parliament are dated by calendar year.
  • 21 February – Margot Fonteyn and Rudolf Nureyev first dance together, in a Royal Ballet performance of Giselle.
  • 23 February – Twelve European countries form the European Space Agency.
  • 26 February – The Irish Republican Army officially calls off its Border Campaign in Northern Ireland.[7]
  • 1 March – British nuclear testing in the United States begins with "Pampas", Britain's first underground test, at the Nevada Test Site, the first of 24 critical tests up to 1991.
  • 6 March – Accrington Stanley, members of the Football League Fourth Division, resign from the Football League due to huge debts.[8]
  • 7 March
    • National Economic Development Council first meets.[9][10]
    • An outlier of the Ash Wednesday Storm of 1962 destroys the Cornish community of Wherrytown near Penzance.
  • 13 March – A by-election is held in Blackpool North: the seat is retained by the Conservative Party. This is the last parliamentary by-election in England to be held on a day other than Thursday.
  • 14 March – A by-election is held in Middlesbrough East, with the seat retained by Labour.
  • 15 March – Orpington by-election, often described as the start of the Liberal Party revival in the UK, has Liberal candidate Eric Lubbock stealing the crown from the expected winner, Conservative candidate Peter Goldman.
  • 29 March – Education Act 1962 requires local education authorities to pay the tuition fees of students attending full-time first degree (or comparable) courses and to provide them with a maintenance grant, superseding the former system of state scholarships.[11]
  • 2 April – Panda crossings are introduced but their complex sequences of pulsating and flashing lights cause confusion amongst drivers and pedestrians.[12]
  • 4 April – James Hanratty is hanged at Bedford Prison for the A6 murder, despite protests from many people who believe he is innocent, and the late introduction of witnesses who claim to have seen him in Rhyl, North Wales, on the day of the murder.
  • 18 April – Commonwealth Immigrants Act in the United Kingdom removes free immigration from the citizens of member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, requiring proof of employment in the UK. This comes into effect on 1 July.[13]
  • 27 April – Opinion polls show that less than half of voters now approve of Harold Macmillan as Prime Minister.[14]
  • 28 April – Ipswich Town win the Football League First Division title in their first season at that level.[15]
  • 5 May – Tottenham Hotspur retain the FA Cup with a 3–1 win over Burnley at Wembley Stadium, with goals from Jimmy Greaves, Bobby Smith and captain Danny Blanchflower.[16]
  • 8 May – The last trolleybuses in London are run.[17]
  • 25 May – The new Coventry Cathedral is consecrated.[6]
  • 31 May
    • The Northern Ireland general election again produces a large majority for the Ulster Unionist Party, winning 34 out of 51 seats, though the Nationalist Party gains two seats for a total of 9.
    • The British West Indies Federation collapses and is officially wound up due to internal power struggles.[18]
  • 2 June
    • Britain's first legal casino opens in Brighton, Sussex.[19]
    • Oxford United F.C., champions of the Southern League, are elected to The Football League in place of bankrupt Accrington Stanley.[20]
  • 6 June – The Beatles play their first session at Abbey Road Studios.[3]
  • 14 June – BBC Television broadcasts the first episode of the sitcom Steptoe and Son, written by Galton and Simpson.
  • 1 July – Another heavy smog develops over London.
  • 3 July – Opening of Chichester Festival Theatre, Britain's first large modern theatre with a thrust stage. Laurence Olivier is the first artistic director.
  • 11 July – Live television broadcast from the US to Britain for the first time, via the Telstar communications satellite and Goonhilly Satellite Earth Station.[21]
  • 12 July – The Rolling Stones make their debut at London's Marquee Club, Number 165 Oxford Street, opening for Long John Baldry.
  • 13 July – In what the press dubs "the Night of the Long Knives", the prime minister Harold Macmillan dismisses one-third of his Cabinet.
  • 20 July – The world's first regular passenger hovercraft service introduced between Rhyl in North Wales and Wallasey.[6]
  • 22 July – Advertising Standards Authority set up.[22]
  • 23 July – first live public transatlantic television broadcasts of full-length programmes, via the Telstar satellite.[23]
  • 28 July – race riots break out in Dudley, West Midlands.[24]
  • 31 July – A crowd assaults the rally of the right-wing Union Movement of Sir Oswald Mosley in London.[25]
  • 4 August – Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg, the Welsh Language Society, is founded.
  • 6 August – Jamaica becomes independent from the United Kingdom.[22]
  • 12 August – The BMC ADO16 economy car series, best known as the Austin/Morris 1100, is launched; this becomes Britain's best selling car for most of the 1960s.
  • 17 August – The Tornados' recording of Joe Meek's "Telstar" is released.
  • 18 August – The Beatles play their first live engagement with the line-up of John, Paul, George and Ringo, at Hulme Hall, Port Sunlight.[3]
  • 23 August – John Lennon marries Cynthia Powell at an unpublicised register office ceremony at Mount Pleasant, Liverpool.
  • 31 August
    • Trinidad and Tobago gains independence from the United Kingdom.[22]
    • Mountaineers Chris Bonington and Ian Clough becomes the first Britons to climb the north face of the Eiger.[6]
  • 1 September – Channel Television, the ITV franchise for the Channel Islands, goes on air.
  • 2 September – Glasgow Corporation Tramways runs its last tramcars in normal service, leaving the Blackpool tramway as the only remaining one in the UK.
  • 6 September – Archaeologist Peter Marsden discovers the first of a set of Roman shipwrecks at Blackfriars in London, known as the Blackfriars Ships.
  • 8–11 September – Last Gentlemen v Players cricket match played, at Scarborough.[21]
  • 14 September – Wales West and North Television (Teledu Cymru) goes on air to the North and West Wales region, extending ITV to the whole of the United Kingdom.
  • 20 September – The Ford Motor Company launches the Cortina, a family saloon costing £573 (equivalent to £12,502.21 in 2022) and similar in size to the Vauxhall Victor, Hillman Minx and Morris Oxford Farina.[26]
  • 21 September – First broadcast of the long-running television quiz programme University Challenge, made by Granada Television with Bamber Gascoigne as quizmaster.[6]
  • 1 October – Elizabeth Lane takes her seat as the first female county court judge.
  • 5 October
    • Dr No, the first James Bond film, is premiered at the London Pavilion, with 32-year-old Scottish actor Sean Connery playing the lead, a British Secret Service agent.[27]
    • The Beatles' first single in their own right, Love Me Do, is released by Parlophone.[28] This version was recorded on 4 September at Abbey Road Studios in London with Ringo Starr as drummer.
  • 9 October – Uganda gains independence from the United Kingdom.[22]
  • 17 October – The Beatles make their first televised appearance, on Granada television's local news programme People and Places.[6]
  • 21 October – The first American Folk Blues Festival European tour plays its only UK date at the Free Trade Hall, Manchester; artists include Sonny Terry, Brownie McGhee and T-Bone Walker. It will be influential on the British R&B scene, with the audience including: Mick Jagger, Keith Richards and Brian Jones of The Rolling Stones with Jimmy Page, Paul Jones, John Mayall and other musicians, and with a second show filmed and shown on Independent Television.[29]
  • 22 October – Manchester Ringway Airport opens the first hub and pier terminal in Europe.
  • 24 October – GCHQ's interception station at Scarborough is the first to detect that Soviet merchant ships implicated in the Cuban Missile Crisis are returning to their bases.[30]
  • 31 October – The UN General Assembly asks the United Kingdom to suspend enforcement of the new constitution in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), but the constitution comes into effect on 1 November.
  • November – John Charnley makes the world's first successful whole hip replacement operation at Wrightington Hospital, Wigan.[31]
  • 17 November – Seaham life-boat George Elmy capsizes entering harbour after service to coble Economy: all five crew and four of the five survivors are killed.
  • 22 November – a by-election is held in Chippenham, Wiltshire, where the Conservatives are narrowly re-elected ahead of a challenge from the Liberals.
  • 24 November – The first episode of influential satire show That Was the Week That Was is broadcast on BBC Television.[21]
  • 29 November – An agreement is signed between Britain and France to develop the Concorde supersonic airliner.[6]
  • 2–7 December – severe smog in London causes numerous deaths.[21]
  • 6 December – The last permanent inhabitants leave the Scottish Island of Stroma.
  • 9 December – Tanganyika (modern-day Tanzania) becomes a republic within the Commonwealth, with Julius Nyerere as President.
  • 10 December
    • British molecular biologists Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins, along with American James D. Watson, win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material".[32]
    • British biochemists Max Perutz and John Cowdery Kendrew win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their work in investigating the structure of haem-containing proteins.[33]
    • David Lean's film Lawrence of Arabia released.
  • 19 December – Britain acknowledges the right of Nyasaland (now Malawi) to secede from the Central African Federation.
  • 21 December – Nassau Agreement: Britain agrees to buy the Polaris missile system from the United States.[34]
  • 22 December – "Big Freeze" in Britain: no frost-free nights until 5 March 1963.
  • 30 December – United Nations troops occupy the last rebel positions in Katanga; Moise Tshombe moves to Southern Rhodesia.

Undated[]

  • Britain's motorway network expands with the completion of the first phases of the M5 between Birmingham and north Gloucestershire and the M6 bypassing Stafford.[35]
  • Mirror class introduced for dinghy sailing.
  • Golden Wonder introduce flavoured crisps for the first time to the UK market, with cheese and onion.[36]

Publications[]

  • The anthology The New Poetry edited by Al Alvarez.
  • Anthony Burgess's novel A Clockwork Orange.
  • Agatha Christie's Miss Marple novel The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side.
  • Len Deighton's first novel The IPCRESS File.
  • Ian Fleming's James Bond novel The Spy Who Loved Me.
  • Dick Francis' first novel Dead Cert.
  • Eric Hobsbawm's book The Age of Revolution: Europe 1789–1848.
  • Aldous Huxley's novel Island.
  • P. D. James' first novel Cover Her Face.
  • Doris Lessing's novel The Golden Notebook.
  • David Lodge's novel Ginger You're Barmy.
  • Anthony Sampson's study Anatomy of Britain.
  • Peter Townsend's report The Last Refuge: a survey of residential institutions and homes for the aged in England and Wales.

Births[]

January – April[]

  • January – Richard Leonard, English-born Scottish Labour Party leader
  • 4 January – Robin Guthrie, Scottish guitarist and producer (Cocteau Twins)
  • 11 January – Melanie Hill, actress
  • 20 January – Sophie Thompson, English actress
  • 25 January – Emma Freud, English broadcaster and cultural commentator
  • 28 January – Hamish McColl, comedian, writer and actor
  • 2 February – Andy Fordham, English darts player
  • 7 February – Eddie Izzard, British actor and comedian
  • 8 February
    • Malorie Blackman, British author
    • Daniel Levy, English businessman
  • 12 February – Jimmy Kirkwood, field hockey player
  • 13 February – Hugh Dennis, British actor, comedian and writer (The Now Show)
  • 17 February – Sarah Wollaston, physician and politician
  • 21 February
    • Vanessa Feltz, British television presenter
    • Randy Lerner, American entrepreneur and owner of Aston Villa F.C.
  • 25 February – John Lanchester, British journalist and novelist
  • 4 March
    • Simon Bisley, British comic book artist
    • Paul Canoville, English footballer
  • 9 March
    • Richard Quest, English television anchor and presenter
    • Pete Wishart, Scottish singer and politician
  • 12 March – Graham Stuart, British Conservative politician and MP for Beverley and Holderness
  • 17 March – Clare Grogan, Scottish actress and singer
  • 23 March – Steve Redgrave, English rower
  • 26 March – Sarah Mullally (née Bowser), Chief Nursing Officer for England (later first woman to become Bishop of London)
  • 27 March – John O'Farrell, British author and broadcaster
  • April – Sarah Gilbert, English vaccinologist
  • 1 April – Phillip Schofield, British television presenter
  • 9 April – Imran Sherwani, British field hockey player
  • 15 April – Nick Kamen, English singer, songwriter, musician and model (died 2021)
  • 22 April – Ann McKechin, Scottish Labour politician and MP for Glasgow North
  • 23 April – John Hannah, Scottish actor
  • 24 April – Roald Bradstock, English javelin thrower
  • 26 April – Colin Anderson, English footballer
  • 29 April – Polly Samson, English journalist and writer

May – August[]

  • 2 May – Jimmy White, British snooker player
  • 6 May – Tom Brake, British Liberal Democrat politician and MP for Carshalton and Wallington
  • 9 May – David Gahan, English singer (Depeche Mode)
  • 12 May – Gregory H. Johnson, American astronaut
  • 14 May – Ian Astbury, British singer (The Cult)
  • 17 May
    • Craig Ferguson, Scottish actor and television presenter
    • Alan Johnston, journalist
  • 29 May – Perry Fenwick, English actor
  • 6 June – Mark Bright, English footballer, radio presenter and TV pundit
  • 8 June – Nick Rhodes, English musician (Duran Duran)
  • 15 June – Chris Morris, English comedian, writer, director, actor, voice actor and producer
  • 25 June – Phill Jupitus, comedian and broadcaster
  • 27 June – Michael Ball, singer
  • 29 June – Amanda Donohoe, English actress
  • 1 July – Dominic Keating, English actor
  • 4 July – Neil Morrissey, English actor
  • 12 July – Dean Wilkins, English football manager
  • 30 July – Lavinia Greenlaw, poet and novelist
  • 1 August – Robert Clift, British field hockey player
  • 2 August – Lee Mavers, English musician
  • 7 August – Doon Mackichan, British actress and comedian
  • 11 August – John Micklethwait, English journalist and editor-in-chief of The Economist magazine
  • 20 August – Sophie Aldred, British actress and television presenter
  • 30 August – Alexander Litvinenko, British citizen, ex-KGB colonel and ex-FSB lieutenant-colonel (died 2006)

September – December[]

  • 5 September – Peter Wingfield, Welsh actor
  • 8 September – Daljit Dhaliwal, British newsreader and television presenter
  • 15 September – Steve Punt, British actor, comedian and writer (The Now Show)
  • 24 September
    • Jack Dee, British comedian
    • Ally McCoist, Scottish footballer and TV pundit and A Question of Sport team captain
    • Mike Phelan, English footballer and football coach
  • 26 September – Tracey Thorn, British singer
  • 30 September – Tony Morris, newsreader (d. 2020)
  • October – Micky Flanagan, comedian
  • 5 October – Caron Keating, TV presenter (died 2004)
  • 7 October – Micky Flanagan, English comedian
  • 8 October – Richard Lintern, English actor
  • 11 October – Nicola Bryant, actress
  • 14 October
    • Trevor Goddard, actor (died 2003)
    • Amanda Noar, English actress, director and choreographer
  • 18 October – Naive John, Stuckist artist and figurative painter
  • 19 October – Claude Callegari, English YouTube personality (d. 2021)[37] ***
  • 20 October – Boothby Graffoe, born James Rogers, comedian, singer, songwriter and playwright
  • 25 October – Nick Hancock, British actor and television presenter
  • 26 October – Cary Elwes, British actor
  • 3 November
    • Marilyn, born Peter Robinson, Jamaican-born pop singer
    • Jacqui Smith, English Labour politician
  • 11 November – Alan Yau, Hong Kong-born restaurateur (Wagamama food chain)
  • 12 November – Mariella Frostrup, journalist and television presenter
  • 15 November – Maggie O'Neill, actress
  • 21 November – Alan Smith, footballer
  • 24 November – John Kovalic, Anglo-American cartoonist
  • 27 November – Samantha Bond, actress
  • 2 December – Steve Huison, actor
  • 3 December – Richard Bacon, British Conservative politician and MP for South Norfolk
  • 6 December
    • Colin Salmon, actor
    • Ben Watt, musician, singer, DJ
  • 17 December – Paul Dobson, English footballer
  • 22 December – Ralph Fiennes, English actor
  • 31 December – Heather McCartney, born Heather See, adopted daughter of Sir Paul McCartney

Unknown dates[]

Deaths[]

  • 16 January – R. H. Tawney, English historian and social critic (born 1880)
  • 26 January – George Jeffreys, Welsh Pentecostalist (born 1889)
  • 13 February – Hugh Dalton, Labour politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (1945–1947) (born 1887)
  • 16 March – Fred Pentland, footballer and coach (born 1883)
  • 23 March – Clement Davies, Welsh Liberal politician (born 1884)
  • 10 April – Stuart Sutcliffe, English artist and musician (The Beatles) (born 1940)
  • 19 April – Sir Harold Yarrow, 2nd Baronet, industrialist (born 1884)
  • 21 April – Sir Frederick Handley Page, English aircraft manufacturer (born 1885)
  • 5 May – Ernest Tyldesley, English cricketer (born 1889)
  • 2 June – Vita Sackville-West, English writer and landscape gardener (born 1892)
  • 12 June – John Ireland, English composer (born 1879)
  • 13 June – Sir Eugene Goossens, English composer (born 1893)
  • 21 July – G. M. Trevelyan, English historian (born 1876)
  • 27 July – Richard Aldington, English poet (born 1892)
  • 15 August – Bob McIntyre, Scottish motorcycle racer (born 1928; died of injuries received in motorcycle race)
  • 7 September – Graham Walker, English motorcycle racer (born 1896)
  • 23 September
    • Louis de Soissons, Canadian-born architect (born 1890)
    • Patrick Hamilton, English dramatist (born 1904)
  • 21 October – Hugh Franklin, English activist for women's suffrage (born 1889)
  • 4 November – Saxon Sydney-Turner, English civil servant, eccentric, member of the Bloomsbury Group (born 1880)
  • 5 November – Percy Cudlipp, Welsh-born journalist (born 1905)
  • 15 December – Charles Laughton, English actor and director (born 1899)
  • 21 December – Gary Hocking, Welsh motorcycle racer (born 1937; died in automobile racing accident)
  • December – Ethel Carnie Holdsworth, English working class novelist and campaigner (born 1886)

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "1962 south Wales smallpox outbreak memories recorded". BBC News. 13 January 2012. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  2. ^ Everett, Walter (2001). The Beatles as Musicians: The Quarry Men through Rubber Soul. Oxford University Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-19-514105-4.
  3. ^ a b c Spitz, Bob (2005). The Beatles: The Biography. New York: Little, Brown. ISBN 978-0-316-80352-6.
  4. ^ Tovey, Derrick (May 2004). "The Bradford smallpox outbreak in 1962: a personal account". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 97 (5): 244–247. doi:10.1258/jrsm.97.5.244. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC 1079469. PMID 15121819.
  5. ^ "1962: 'A6 murder' trial begins". BBC News. 22 January 1962. Archived from the original on 17 January 2008. Retrieved 2 February 2008.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 978-0-14-102715-9.
  7. ^ The United Irishman March 1962 p. 1.
  8. ^ Burnton, Simon (6 March 2010). "6 March 1962: Accrington Stanley resign from the Football League". The Guardian. London.
  9. ^ Marr, Andrew (2007). A History of Modern Britain. London: Macmillan. p. 239. ISBN 978-1-4050-0538-8.
  10. ^ "NED planners go into action". Daily Mirror. 8 March 1962. p. 32.
  11. ^ Anderson, Robert (8 February 2016). "University fees in historical perspective". History & Policy. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  12. ^ "1962: New pedestrian crossings cause chaos". BBC News. 2 April 1962. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 2 February 2008.
  13. ^ Roche, T. W. E. (1969). The Key in the Lock: a history of immigration control in England from 1066 to the present day. London: John Murray. pp. 205–17. ISBN 978-0-7195-1907-9.
  14. ^ "Polls Show Macmillan Losing Hold in Britain". Daily News Texan. Vol. 10, no. 100. Hurst. 27 April 1962. p. 2. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
  15. ^ "Ipswich Town, Dundee win English, Scottish Soccer Titles". Montreal Gazette. 30 April 1962. p. 32. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
  16. ^ "1962 FA Cup Final". FA Cup Finals. Archived from the original on 28 March 2008. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
  17. ^ Marshall, Prince (1972). Wheels of London. The Sunday Times Magazine. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-7230-0068-6.
  18. ^ Wallace, Elisabeth (Summer 1962). "The West Indies Federation: Decline and Fall". International Journal. Canadian International Council. 17 (3): 269–288. doi:10.1177/002070206201700305. JSTOR 40198636. S2CID 147144900.
  19. ^ "1962: To the brink of war..." Wolverhampton: Express & Star.
  20. ^ Brodetsky, Martin (19 July 2012). "Timeline". Oxford United F.C. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
  21. ^ a b c d Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 419–420. ISBN 978-0-7126-5616-0.
  22. ^ a b c d The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. ISBN 978-1-85986-000-7.
  23. ^ "Early Satellite Relays to/from Britain". British TV History. Archived from the original on 27 October 2010. Retrieved 6 October 2010.
  24. ^ "Mr. F. McEvoy and Mr. H. Reeve (Sentences) (Hansard, 20 January 1964)". Archived from the original on 13 May 2009. Retrieved 10 May 2009.
  25. ^ "1962: Violence flares at Mosley rally". BBC News. 31 July 1962. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 2 February 2008.
  26. ^ "Ford Cortina (1962–1982): a National Institution". Yahoo! Cars. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
  27. ^ "Dr. No (1962)". MI6. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
  28. ^ New Musical Express 21 September 1962
  29. ^ "American Folk Blues Festival Live In Manchester 1962". Manchester: Piccadilly Records. 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  30. ^ Corera, Gordon (21 October 2019). "Scarborough's Cuban missile crisis role revealed". BBC News. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
  31. ^ Waugh, William (1990). John Charnley: The Man and the Hip. London: Springer-Verlag. pp. 122–4. ISBN 978-3-540-19587-0.
  32. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962". Retrieved 2 February 2008.
  33. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962". Retrieved 2 February 2008.
  34. ^ "1962: America to sell Polaris to Britain". BBC News. 21 December 1962. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 2 February 2008.
  35. ^ "1962". CBRD. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
  36. ^ Harrison, Ian (2003). The Book of Firsts. London: Cassell. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-84403-201-3.
  37. ^ "Tierney Is Better Than Robertson & Claude Lives On!". AFTV. 2 April 2021. Event occurs at 16:59. Archived from the original on 13 November 2021 – via YouTube.

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