1900 in the United Kingdom

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1900 in the United Kingdom
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Constituent countries of the United Kingdom
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Sport

Events from the year 1900 in the United Kingdom.

Incumbents[]

  • Monarch – Victoria
  • Prime Minister – Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (Coalition)
  • Parliament – 26th (until 25 September), 27th (starting 3 December)

Events[]

January[]

  • 3 January – royal yacht Victoria and Albert almost blows up while being floated out of dry dock at Pembroke Dock on completion of her construction.[1]
  • 9 January – influenza outbreak in London.
  • 24 January – Second Boer War: Boers repel British troops under General Sir Redvers Buller at the Battle of Spion Kop.[2]
  • 31 January – the Gramophone Company copyrights the His Master's Voice illustration.[3]

February[]

  • 5 February – the UK and the United States sign a treaty for the building of a Central American shipping canal through Nicaragua.
  • 6 February – the House of Commons vote of censure over the government's handling of the Second Boer War is defeated by a majority of 213.
  • 8 February – Second Boer War: British troops are defeated by Boers at Ladysmith, South Africa.
  • 12 February – meeting held at Mile End to protest against the Boer War ends in uproar.
  • 14 February – Second Boer War: in South Africa, 20,000 British troops invade the Orange Free State.
Plaque recording the location of the formation of the Labour Party
  • 27 February
    • Boer War: in South Africa, British military leaders receive an unconditional notice of surrender from Boer General Piet Cronjé.
    • Creation of the Labour party; Ramsay MacDonald is appointed its first secretary.[4]
  • 28 February – Second Boer War: the 118-day Siege of Ladysmith is lifted.[4]

March to September[]

  • March–September – War of the Golden Stool fought against the Ashanti Empire.
  • 1 April – Irish Guards formed by Queen Victoria.
  • 4 April
    • An anarchist shoots at the Prince of Wales during his visit to Belgium for the birthday celebrations of the King of Belgium.
    • Queen Victoria arrives in Dublin on a rare visit.
  • 23 April–12 May – the Automobile Club of Great Britain stages a Thousand Mile Trial, a reliability motor rally over a circular route from London to Edinburgh and return.[5]
  • 24 April – the Daily Express newspaper published for the first time.[4]
  • 14 May–28 October – Great Britain and Ireland compete at the Olympics in Paris and win 15 gold, 6 silver and 9 bronze medals.
  • 17 May – Second Boer War – Siege of Mafeking ends.[4]
  • 18 May – the UK proclaims a protectorate over Tonga.
  • 5 June – Boer War: British soldiers take Pretoria, South Africa.
  • 19–21 July – Bernard Bosanquet first bowls a googly in first-class cricket, playing for Middlesex against Leicestershire at Lord's.[6]
  • 27 July – Louise, Princess Royal, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria, marries Alexander Duff, Earl of Fife, in the private chapel of Buckingham Palace, London; 2 days later he is created Duke of Fife, the last Dukedom created in Britain for a person who is not a son, grandson or consort of the Sovereign.
  • 30 July
    • The Duke of Albany becomes Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha as Carl Eduard following the death of his uncle, Duke Alfred, a son of Queen Victoria who is the third of the reigning monarch's children to die.
    • Mines (Prohibition of Child Labour Underground) Act prohibits children under the age of thirteen from working in mines.[7]
  • 8 August – Great Britain loses to the United States in the first Davis Cup tennis competition.[4]
  • 14 August – an international contingent of troops, under British command, invades Peking and frees the Europeans taken hostage.
  • 27 August – British defeat Boer commandos at Bergendal.
  • 3 September – West Bromwich Albion F.C. move into The Hawthorns, a new stadium on the border of West Bromwich and Handsworth.[8]

October[]

  • 3 October – Edward Elgar's choral work The Dream of Gerontius receives its first performance, in Birmingham Town Hall.
  • 25 October – Second Boer War: United Kingdom annexes Transvaal.[4]

November[]

December[]

  • 3 December – the Conservative Party under Lord Salisbury wins the 'Khaki' general election. Winston Churchill is elected Member of Parliament for Oldham; and two Labour candidates are successful: Keir Hardie in Merthyr Tydfil and Richard Bell in Derby.[10]
  • 15 December – the three lighthouse keepers on Flannen Isle disappear without a trace
  • 28 December – the Liverpool barque Primrose Hill is wrecked on South Stack off Holyhead, with the loss of 33 lives.[11]
  • 31 December – a storm causes a stone and a lintel to fall at Stonehenge; they are restored in 1958.[4]

Undated[]

  • Beer Scare: beer drinkers in North West England suffer poisoning from arsenic in brewing sugars: 6,000 people affected and 70 killed.[12]
  • William Harbutt of Bathampton begins commercial production of Plasticine modelling clay.
  • Completion of the Arnold Cross estate, Shoreditch, London; Britain's first council estate to be commenced (10 years previously).[13]
  • Diamond Jubilee wins the English Triple Crown by finishing first in the Epsom Derby, 2,000 Guineas and St Leger, ridden by Herbert Jones.

Publications[]

  • Ernest Bramah's oriental fantasy stories The Wallet of Kai Lung.
  • Joseph Conrad's novel Lord Jim.
  • Maurice Hewlett's historical novel The Life and Death of Richard Yea-and-Nay.[14]
  • Gertrude Jekyll's book Home and Garden: notes and thoughts, practical and critical, of a worker in both.
  • Arthur Quiller-Couch's anthology The Oxford Book of English Verse 1250–1900.
  • H. G. Wells' novel Love and Mr Lewisham.

Births[]

Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma
Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
  • 1 January
    • Roger Maxwell, film actor (died 1971)
    • Lillian Rich, silent film actress (died 1954)
  • 2 January – Una Ledingham, physician, specialist in diabetes mellitus and pregnancy (died 1965)[15]
  • 4 January – William Young, World War I veteran (died 2007)
  • 20 January – Dorothy Annan, painter, potter and muralist (died 1983)
  • 23 January – William Ifor Jones, composer (died 1988)
  • 6 February – Guy Warrack, Scottish-born conductor (died 1986)
  • 12 February
    • Robert Boothby, politician (died 1986)
    • Fred Emney, comic performer (died 1980)
  • 20 February – Bernard Knowles, cinematographer and screenwriter (died 1975)
  • 3 March
    • Edna Best, stage, film and early television actress (died 1974 in Switzerland)[16]
    • Basil Bunting, modernist poet (died 1985)
  • 29 March – Margaret Sinclair, Scottish-born nun (died 1925)
  • 31 March – Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (died 1974)
  • 3 April – Albert Ingham, mathematician (died 1967)
  • 9 April – Mary Potter, painter (died 1981)
  • 19 April – Richard Hughes, novelist (died 1976)
  • 22 April – Nellie Beer, Conservative politician, Lord Mayor of Manchester (died 1988)[17]
  • 24 April – Elizabeth Goudge, novelist (died 1984)[18][19]
  • 30 April – Cecily Lefort, World War II heroine, spy for SOE (executed 1945 in Germany)
  • 2 May – A. W. Lawrence, Classical archaeologist (died 1991)
  • 5 May – Harold Tamblyn-Watts, comic strip artist (died 1999)
  • 10 May – Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, astronomer and astrophysicist (died 1979 in the United States)[20]
  • 27 May – Ethel Lang, née Lancaster, supercentenarian (died 2015)
  • 29 May – David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir, Scottish-born politician, lawyer and judge, Lord Chancellor (died 1967)
  • 30 May – Gerald Gardiner, Lord Chancellor (died 1990)
  • 6 June
    • Arthur Askey, comedian (died 1982)
    • Lester Matthews, actor (died 1975)
  • 17 June – Evelyn Irons, Scottish-born journalist, war correspondent (died 2000)[21]
  • 25 June
    • Philip D'Arcy Hart, medical researcher, pioneer in tuberculosis treatment (died 2006)
    • Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Admiral of the Fleet and last Viceroy of India (assassinated 1979 in Ireland)
  • 26 June – John Benham, 400m runner (died 1990)
  • 30 June – James Stagg, Scottish-born meteorologist (died 1975)
  • 2 July
    • Tyrone Guthrie, theatre director (died 1971 in Ireland)
    • Sophie Harris, theatre and opera costume and scenic designer (died 1966)
  • 10 July – Evelyn Laye, actress (died [1996)
  • 4 August – Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, queen consort of George VI and later Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (died 2002)
  • 17 August – Vivienne de Watteville, adventurer (died 1957)[22]
  • 19 August – Gilbert Ryle, philosopher (died 1976)
  • 23 August – Bella Reay, footballer (died 1979)
  • 27 August – Frank Moody, Welsh boxer (died 1963)
  • 25 August – Isobel Hogg Kerr Beattie, Scottish architect (died 1970)[23]
  • 4 September – Maxwell Knight, spymaster and naturalist (died 1968)
  • 8 September – Tilly Devine, organised crime boss (died 1970 in Australia)[24]
  • 9 September – James Hilton, novelist and screenwriter (died 1954 in the United States)
  • 11 September – Jimmy Brain, footballer (died 1971)
  • 12 September – Eric Thiman, composer (died 1975)
  • 1 October – Tom Goddard, cricketer (died 1966)
  • 2 October – Isabella Forshall, paediatric surgeon (died 1989)
  • 6 October – Stan Nichols, cricketer (died 1961)
  • 8 October – Geoffrey Jellicoe, landscape architect (died 1996)
  • 9 October – Alastair Sim, character actor (died 1976)
  • 14 October – Roland Penrose, Surrealist painter and art collector (died 1984)
  • 16 October – Edward Ardizzone, painter, printmaker and author (born in Vietnam; died 1979)
  • 5 November – Ethelwynn Trewavas, ichthyologist (died 1993)[25]
  • 18 November – Mercedes Gleitze, distance swimmer (died 1981)
  • 20 November – Helen Bradley, painter (died 1979)[26]
  • 22 November – Tom Macdonald, Welsh journalist and novelist (died 1980)
  • 4 December – John Axon, railwayman hero (killed in accident 1957)
  • 16 December – V. S. Pritchett, short story writer (died 1997)
  • 17 December – Mary Cartwright, mathematician (died 1998)[27]
  • 22 December – Alan Bush, pianist, composer and conductor (died 1995)
  • 26 December – Evelyn Bark, humanitarian, leading member of the Red Cross, first female recipient of the CMG (died 1993)[28]
  • Robina Addis, pioneering professional psychiatric social worker (died 1986)[29]
  • Saira Elizabeth Luiza Shah, born Elizabeth Louise MacKenzie, Scottish writer as Morag Murray Abdullah (died 1960)

Deaths[]

Oscar Wilde
  • 20 January
    • R. D. Blackmore, novelist (born 1825)
    • John Ruskin, writer and social critic (born 1819)
  • 22 January – David Edward Hughes, musician and professor of music (born 1831)
  • 31 January – John Sholto Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry, nobleman and boxer (born 1844)
  • 6 February – Sir William Wilson Hunter, colonial administrator, statistician and historian (born 1840 in Scotland)
  • 23 February
    • William Butterfield, architect (born 1814)
    • Ernest Dowson, poet (born 1867)
  • 10 March – George James Symons, meteorologist (born 1838)
  • 16 March – Sir Frederic William Burton, painter and curator (born 1816 in Ireland)
  • 24 April – George Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll, politician (born 1823)
  • 4 May – Augustus Pitt Rivers, ethnologist and archaeologist (born 1827)
  • 28 May – Sir George Grove, writer on music and the Bible and civil engineer (born 1820)
  • 3 June – Mary Kingsley, explorer, in Cape Colony (born 1862
  • 14 June – Catherine Gladstone, widow of Prime Minister W. E. Gladstone and philanthropist (born 1812)
  • 30 July – Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, second eldest son of Queen Victoria, in Germany (born 1844)[30]
  • 28 August – Henry Sidgwick, philosopher (born 1838)
  • 31 August – Sir John Bennet Lawes, agricultural scientist (born 1814)
  • 9 October – John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute, landed aristocrat, industrial magnate, antiquarian, scholar, philanthropist and architectural patron (born 1847)
  • 16 October – Sir Henry Acland, physician (born 1815)
  • 22 November – Sir Arthur Sullivan, composer (born 1842)
  • 29 December – John Henry Leech, entomologist (born 1862)
  • 30 November – Oscar Wilde, playwright, writer and poet, in France (born 1854 in Ireland)

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Pembroke Dock Community Website". Archived from the original on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2007.
  2. ^ Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 329–330. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  3. ^ Baren, Maurice (1997). How Household Names Began. London: Michael O'Mara Books. pp. 71–2. ISBN 1-85479-257-1.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
  5. ^ "1900 One Thousand Mile Trial". Grace's Guide. 15 February 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
  6. ^ "Middlesex v Leicestershire". CricketArchive. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
  7. ^ Bedwell, C. E. A.; The Earl of Roseberry; MacDonell, Sir John (1909). The Legislation of the Empire. Vol. 1. London: Butterworth & Co. p. 63. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
  8. ^ "Grounds for debate". West Bromwich Albion. 12 January 2012. Archived from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  9. ^ Lindsay, Jean (1987). The Great Strike : a History of the Penrhyn Quarry Dispute of 1900–1903. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-8635-2.
  10. ^ Thorpe, Andrew (2001). A History of the British Labour Party. Palgrave. ISBN 0-333-92908-X.
  11. ^ "The Shipwreck of the Primrose Hill in 1900 off South Stack, Holyhead". Anglesey Môn Information Website. Archived from the original on 20 October 2010. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  12. ^ Blocker, Jack S.; Fahey, David M.; Tyrrel, Ian R. Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History: a Global Encyclopedia. p. 56.
  13. ^ "Boundary Estate, Arnold Circus, Shoreditch, London, E2". London: Base. 5 February 2013. Archived from the original on 30 October 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
  14. ^ Leavis, Q.D. (1965). Fiction and the Reading Public (rev. ed.). London: Chatto & Windus.
  15. ^ Marilyn Ogilvie; Joy Harvey (2000). The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science. Vol. 2. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415920407.
  16. ^ "Edna Best - Hollywood Star Walk". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  17. ^ "Women of History - B". abitofhistory.net. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
  18. ^ "Biography of Elizabeth Goudge". Newburgh, New York: Mount Saint Mary College, Kaplan Family Library and Study Center, Goudge Special Collection. Archived from the original on 21 October 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  19. ^ "Elizabeth Goudge". The New York Times. 27 April 1984. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  20. ^ The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. New York: Springer. 2007. ISBN 9780387304007.
  21. ^ Lewis, Paul (30 April 2000). "Evelyn Irons, War Reporter, Is Dead at 99". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  22. ^ "Materialien zum Lukas Hartmanns Roman "Die Tochter des Jägers"" (PDF). Lukas Hartmann.
  23. ^ Goold, David (18 October 2017). "Dictionary of Scottish Architects - DSA Architect Biography Report". www.scottisharchitects.org.uk. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  24. ^ "Biography - Matilda Mary (Tilly) Devine". Australian Dictionary of Biography. 23 June 2015. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  25. ^ "Obituary: Ethelwynn Trewavas". The Independent. London. 21 August 1993. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  26. ^ "Helen Bradley". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (archived by the Wayback Machine). 27 December 2015. Archived from the original on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  27. ^ "Mary Cartwright Times obituary". www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  28. ^ "Obituary: Evelyn Bark". The Independent. London. 24 June 1993. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  29. ^ "Robina Addis". London: Wellcome Library. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  30. ^ Panton, James (24 February 2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Scarecrow Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-8108-7497-8.
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