60 metres
Athletics 60 metres | |
---|---|
World records | |
Men | Christian Coleman 6.34 A (2018) |
Women | Irina Privalova 6.92 (1993, 1995) |
60 metres, or 60-meter dash, is a sprint event in track and field. It is a championship event for indoor championships, normally dominated by the best outdoor 100 metres runners. At outdoor venues it is a rare distance, at least for senior athletes. The format of the event is similar to other sprint distances. The sprinters follow three initial instructions: 'ready', instructing them to take up position in the starting blocks; 'set', instructing them to adopt a more efficient starting posture, which also isometrically preloads their muscles. This will enable them to start faster. The final instruction is the firing of the starter's pistol. Upon hearing this the sprinters stride forwards from the blocks.
The 60 metres was an Olympic event in the 1900 and 1904 Summer Games but was removed from the schedule thereafter. American Christian Coleman currently holds the men's world record in the 60 metres with a time of 6.34 seconds,[1] while Russian Irina Privalova holds the women's world record at 6.92.
In the past, it was common for athletes to compete in the 60 yards (54.86 m) race. This is not part of the lineage of the 60 metres, but is the predecessor of the 55 metres race. 60 metres is 65.6168 yards.
Area records[]
Area | Men | Women | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time (s) | Athlete | Nation | Time (s) | Athlete | Nation | |
Africa | 6.45 A | Leonard Myles-Mills | Ghana | 6.97 | Murielle Ahouré | Ivory Coast |
Asia | 6.42 | Su Bingtian | China | 7.09 | Susanthika Jayasinghe | Sri Lanka |
Europe | 6.42 | Dwain Chambers | United Kingdom | 6.92 | Irina Privalova | Russia |
North, Central America and Caribbean |
6.34 A | Christian Coleman | United States | 6.95 | Gail Devers Marion Jones |
United States United States |
Oceania | 6.52 | Matthew Shirvington | Australia | 7.30 | Sally McLellan | Australia |
South America | 6.52 | José Carlos Moreira | Brazil | 7.17 | Rosângela Santos | Brazil |
All-time top 25[]
Indoor results only
Men[]
Updated January 2022.[4]
Rank | Time (s) | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 6.34 A | Christian Coleman | United States | 18 February 2018 | Albuquerque | [5] |
2 | 6.39 | Maurice Greene | United States | 3 February 1998 | Madrid | |
3 March 2001 | Atlanta | |||||
3 | 6.40 A | Ronnie Baker | United States | 18 February 2018 | Albuquerque | [6] |
4 | 6.41 | Andre Cason | United States | 14 February 1992 | Madrid | |
5 | 6.42 | Dwain Chambers | United Kingdom | 7 March 2009 | Turin | |
Su Bingtian | China | 3 March 2018 | Birmingham | [7] | ||
7 | 6.43 | Tim Harden | United States | 7 March 1999 | Maebashi | |
8 | 6.44 | Asafa Powell | Jamaica | 18 March 2016 (round 1) | Portland | [8] |
18 March 2016 (semifinal) | Portland | [9] | ||||
9 | 6.45 | Bruny Surin | Canada | 13 February 1993 | Liévin | |
6.45 A | Leonard Myles-Mills | Ghana | 20 February 1999 | Colorado Springs | ||
Terrence Trammell | United States | 17 February 2001 | Pocatello | |||
6.45 | Justin Gatlin | United States | 1 March 2003 | Boston | ||
Ronald Pognon | France | 13 February 2005 | Karlsruhe | |||
6.45 A | Trell Kimmons | United States | 26 February 2012 | Albuquerque | ||
6.45 | Terrence Jones | Bahamas | 15 January 2022 | Lubbock | [10] | |
16 | 6.46 | Jon Drummond | United States | 1 February 1998 | Stuttgart | |
6.46 A | Marcus Brunson | United States | 30 January 1999 | Flagstaff | ||
6.46 | Jason Gardener | United Kingdom | 7 March 1999 | Maebashi | ||
Tim Montgomery | United States | 11 March 2001 | Lisbon | |||
Leonard Scott | United States | 26 February 2005 | Liévin | |||
21 | 6.47 | Linford Christie | United Kingdom | 19 February 1995 | Liévin | |
Shawn Crawford | United States | 28 February 2004 | Boston | |||
Dwight Phillips | United States | 24 February 2005 | Madrid | |||
Lerone Clarke | Jamaica | 18 February 2012 | Birmingham | |||
James Dasaolu | United Kingdom | 15 February 2014 | Birmingham | [11] | ||
Kim Collins | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 17 February 2015 | Łódź | [12] | ||
Trayvon Bromell | United States | 18 March 2016 | Portland | [13] | ||
Marcell Jacobs | Italy | 6 March 2021 | Toruń | [14] |
Note: The following athletes have had their performances annulled because of doping offense:
Time (s) | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
6.41 | Ben Johnson | Canada | 7 March 1987 | Indianapolis | [15] |
Notes[]
Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 6.47 seconds:
- Christian Coleman also ran 6.37 (2018, 2020), 6.42 A (2018), 6.45 (2017, 2018, 2022), 6.46 (2018), 6.47 (2018).
- Maurice Greene also ran 6.40 (1999), 6.41 (1998), 6.42 (1999), 6.43 (1998), 6.45 (1999, 2000), 6.46 (1998, 1999), 6.47 (1998, 2000).
- Su Bingtian also ran 6.43 (2018), 6.47 (2018, 2019).
- Ronnie Baker also ran 6.44 (2018, 2020), 6.45 A (2017, 2018), 6.46 (2017), 6.47 (2016, 2018).
- Tim Harden also ran 6.44 (1999, 2001), 6.47 (1999).
- Andre Cason also ran 6.45 (1992), 6.46 (1992).
- Bruny Surin also ran 6.46 (1995).
- Jon Drummond also ran 6.46 (1998, 1999, 2000), 6.47 (1998).
- Jason Gardener also ran 6.46 (2004).
- Terrence Trammell also ran 6.46 (2003).
- Justin Gatlin also ran 6.46 (2003, 2012), 6.47 (2012).
- Marcus Brunson also ran 6.46 (2007).
- Dwain Chambers also ran 6.46 (2009).
Outdoor best performances[]
This sports-related list is incomplete; you can help by . (October 2021) |
+ = en route to 100m mark
Rank | Time (s) | Wind (m/s) | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 6.29+ (calculated) | +0.9 | Su Bingtian | China | 1 August 2021 | Tokyo | [16] |
2 | 6.31+ (calculated) | +0.9 | Usain Bolt | Jamaica | 16 August 2009 | Berlin | [17] |
3 | 6.32+ (calculated) | +0.6 | Christian Coleman | United States | 28 September 2019 | Doha | [18] |
Note: The following athletes have had their associated 100 m performances annulled because of doping offense:
Time (s) | Wind (m/s) | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6.33+ (calculated) | +1.1 | Ben Johnson | Canada | 24 September 1988 | Seoul | [19] |
Women[]
Updated March 2022.[20]
Rank | Time (s) | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 6.92 | Irina Privalova | Russia | 11 February 1993 | Madrid | |
9 February 1995 | Madrid | |||||
2 | 6.95 | Gail Devers | United States | 12 March 1993 | Toronto | |
Marion Jones | United States | 7 March 1998 | Maebashi | |||
4 | 6.96 | Merlene Ottey | Jamaica | 14 February 1992 | Madrid | |
Ekaterini Thanou | Greece | 7 March 1999 | Maebashi | |||
6 | 6.97 | LaVerne Jones-Ferrette | United States Virgin Islands | 6 February 2010 | Stuttgart | |
Murielle Ahouré | Ivory Coast | 2 March 2018 | Birmingham | [21] | ||
8 | 6.98 | Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce | Jamaica | 9 March 2014 | Sopot | [22] |
Elaine Thompson | Jamaica | 18 February 2017 | Birmingham | [23] | ||
10 | 6.99 | Ewa Swoboda | Poland | 5 March 2022 | Toruń | [24] |
11 | 7.00 | Nelli Cooman | Netherlands | 23 February 1986 | Madrid | |
Veronica Campbell-Brown | Jamaica | 14 March 2010 | Doha | |||
Dafne Schippers | Netherlands | 13 February 2016 | Berlin | [25] | ||
Barbara Pierre | United States | 12 March 2016 | Portland | [26] | ||
15 | 7.01 | Savatheda Fynes | Bahamas | 7 March 1999 | Maebashi | |
Me'Lisa Barber | United States | 10 March 2006 | Moscow | |||
Lauryn Williams | United States | 10 March 2006 | Moscow | |||
18 | 7.02 | Gwen Torrence | United States | 2 February 1996 | New York City | |
Christy Opara-Thompson | Nigeria | 12 February 1997 | Ghent | |||
Chioma Ajunwa | Nigeria | 22 February 1998 | Liévin | |||
Philomena Mensah | Canada | 7 March 1999 | Maebashi | |||
7.02 A | Carmelita Jeter | United States | 28 February 2010 | Albuquerque | ||
7.02 | Tianna Madison | United States | 11 February 2012 | Fayetteville | ||
7.02 A | Javianne Oliver | United States | 18 February 2018 | Albuquerque | [27] | |
7.02 | Marie-Josée Ta Lou | Ivory Coast | 20 February 2019 | Düsseldorf | [28] |
Notes[]
Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 7.00 seconds:
- Irina Privalova also ran 6.93 (1994), 6.94 (1995), 6.95 (1994, 1995), 6.96 (1993), 6.97 (1992, 1993, 1994, 1995), 6.98 (1993), 6.99 (1993), 7.00 (1995).
- Merlene Ottey also ran 6.97 (1995), 6.99 (1994).
- Gail Devers also ran 6.98 (1999), 6.99 (1993), 7.00 (1994, 1997, 1998, 1999).
- Ekaterini Thanou also ran 6.99 (1999).
- Murielle Ahouré also ran 6.99 (2013), 7.00 (2013).
- Ewa Swoboda also ran 7.00 (2022).
Outdoor best performances[]
+ = en route to 100m mark
Rank | Time (s) | Wind (m/s) | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 6.81+ (calculated) | +0.1 | Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce | Jamaica | 29 September 2019 | Doha | [29] |
2 | 6.85+ (calculated) | −0.1 | Marion Jones | United States | 22 August 1999 | Seville | |
3 | 6.87+ (calculated) | 0.0 | Florence Griffith-Joyner | United States | 16 July 1988 | Indianapolis | [30] |
+0.9 | Elaine Thompson-Herah | Jamaica | 21 August 2021 | Eugene | [31] | ||
4 | 6.91+ (calculated) | +0.1 | Dina Asher-Smith | United Kingdom | 29 September 2019 | Doha | [29] |
Olympic medalists[]
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1900 Paris |
Alvin Kraenzlein (USA) | Walter Tewksbury (USA) | Stan Rowley (AUS) |
1904 St. Louis |
Archie Hahn (USA) | William Hogenson (USA) | Fay Moulton (USA) |
World Indoor Championships medalists[]
Men[]
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1985 Parisa |
Ben Johnson (CAN) | Sam Graddy (USA) | Ronald Desruelles (BEL) |
1987 Indianapolis |
Lee McRae (USA) b | Mark Witherspoon (USA) | Pierfrancesco Pavoni (ITA) |
1989 Budapest |
Andrés Simón (CUB) | John Myles-Mills (GHA) | Pierfrancesco Pavoni (ITA) |
1991 Seville |
Andre Cason (USA) | Linford Christie (GBR) | Chidi Imo (NGR) |
1993 Toronto |
Bruny Surin (CAN) | Frankie Fredericks (NAM) | Talal Mansour (QAT) |
1995 Barcelona |
Bruny Surin (CAN) | Darren Braithwaite (GBR) | Robert Esmie (CAN) |
1997 Paris |
Haralabos Papadias (GRE) | Michael Green (JAM) | Davidson Ezinwa (NGR) |
1999 Maebashi |
Maurice Greene (USA) | Tim Harden (USA) | Jason Gardener (GBR) |
2001 Lisbon |
Tim Harden (USA) | Tim Montgomery (USA) | Mark Lewis-Francis (GBR) |
2003 Birmingham |
Justin Gatlin (USA) | Kim Collins (SKN) | Jason Gardener (GBR) |
2004 Budapest |
Jason Gardener (GBR) | Shawn Crawford (USA) | Georgios Theodoridis (GRE) |
2006 Moscow |
Leonard Scott (USA) | Andrey Epishin (RUS) | Terrence Trammell (USA) |
2008 Valencia |
Olusoji Fasuba (NGR) | Kim Collins (SKN) Dwain Chambers (GBR) |
none awarded |
2010 Doha |
Dwain Chambers (GBR) | Mike Rodgers (USA) | Daniel Bailey (ATG) |
2012 Istanbul |
Justin Gatlin (USA) | Nesta Carter (JAM) | Dwain Chambers (GBR) |
2014 Sopot |
Richard Kilty (GBR) | Marvin Bracy (USA) | Femi Ogunode (QAT) |
2016 Portland |
Trayvon Bromell (USA) | Asafa Powell (JAM) | Ramon Gittens (BAR) |
2018 Birmingham |
Christian Coleman (USA) | Su Bingtian (CHN) | Ronnie Baker (USA) |
a The event was known as the World Indoor Games in 1985.
b Ben Johnson of Canada originally won the gold medal, but he was disqualified in 1989 after admitting to steroid use between 1981 and 1988.
Medal table[]
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | United States (USA) | 9 | 7 | 2 | 18 |
2 | Great Britain (GBR) | 3 | 3 | 4 | 10 |
3 | Canada (CAN) | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
4 | Nigeria (NGR) | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
5 | Greece (GRE) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
6 | Cuba (CUB) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
7 | Jamaica (JAM) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
8 | Saint Kitts and Nevis (SKN) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
9 | China (CHN) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Ghana (GHA) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Namibia (NAM) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Russia (RUS) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
13 | Italy (ITA) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Qatar (QAT) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
15 | Antigua and Barbuda (ATG) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Barbados (BAR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Belgium (BEL) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Totals (17 nations) | 18 | 19 | 17 | 54 |
Women[]
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1985 Parisa |
Silke Gladisch (GDR) | Heather Oakes (GBR) | Christelle Bulteau (FRA) |
1987 Indianapolis |
Nelli Fiere-Cooman (NED) | Anelia Nuneva (BUL) b | Angela Bailey (CAN) |
1989 Budapest |
Nelli Fiere-Cooman (NED) | Gwen Torrence (USA) | Merlene Ottey (JAM) |
1991 Seville |
Irina Sergeyeva (URS) | Merlene Ottey (JAM) | Liliana Allen (CUB) |
1993 Toronto |
Gail Devers (USA) | Irina Privalova (RUS) | Zhanna Tarnopolskaya (UKR) |
1995 Barcelona |
Merlene Ottey (JAM) | Melanie Paschke (GER) | Carlette Guidry (USA) |
1997 Paris |
Gail Devers (USA) | Chandra Sturrup (BAH) | Frederique Bangue (FRA) |
1999 Maebashi |
Ekaterini Thanou (GRE) | Gail Devers (USA) | Philomena Mensah (CAN) |
2001 Lisbon |
Chandra Sturrup (BAH) | Angela Williams (USA) | Chryste Gaines (USA) |
2003 Birmingham |
Angela Williams (USA) c | Torri Edwards (USA) | Merlene Ottey (SLO) |
2004 Budapest |
Gail Devers (USA) | Kim Gevaert (BEL) | Yulia Nestsiarenka (BLR) |
2006 Moscow |
Me'Lisa Barber (USA) | Lauryn Williams (USA) | Kim Gevaert (BEL) |
2008 Valencia |
Angela Williams (USA) | Jeanette Kwakye (GBR) | Tahesia Harrigan (IVB) |
2010 Doha |
Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM) | Carmelita Jeter (USA) | Ruddy Zang Milama (GAB) |
2012 Istanbul |
Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM) | Murielle Ahouré (CIV) | Tianna Madison (USA) |
2014 Sopot |
Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM) | Murielle Ahouré (CIV) | Tianna Bartoletta (USA) |
2016 Portland |
Barbara Pierre (USA) | Dafne Schippers (NED) | Elaine Thompson (JAM) |
2018 Birmingham |
Murielle Ahouré (CIV) | Marie-Josée Ta Lou (CIV) | Mujinga Kambundji (SUI) |
a The event was known as the World Indoor Games in 1985.
b Angella Issajenko of Canada originally won the silver medal, but she was disqualified in 1989 after admitting to steroid use between 1982 and 1988.
c Zhanna Block originally won the gold medal, but she was disqualified after her results from November 2002 onwards were deleted in 2011 for long-term drug use.
Medal table[]
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | United States (USA) | 7 | 6 | 4 | 17 |
2 | Jamaica (JAM) | 4 | 1 | 2 | 7 |
3 | Netherlands (NED) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
4 | Ivory Coast (CIV) | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
5 | Bahamas (BAH) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
6 | East Germany (GDR) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Greece (GRE) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Soviet Union (URS) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
9 | Great Britain (GBR) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
10 | Belgium (BEL) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
11 | Bulgaria (BUL) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Germany (GER) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Russia (RUS) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
14 | Canada (CAN) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
France (FRA) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
16 | Belarus (BLR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
British Virgin Islands (IVB) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Cuba (CUB) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Gabon (GAB) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Slovenia (SLO) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Switzerland (SWI) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Ukraine (UKR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Totals (22 nations) | 18 | 18 | 18 | 54 |
Season's bests[]
Men[]
|
Women[]
|
See also[]
Notes and references[]
- ^ Jon Hendershott (18 February 2018). "Coleman breaks world indoor 60m record at US Indoor Championships in Albuquerque". IAAF. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
- ^ "Men's indoor 60 metres | Records". iaaf.org. IAAF. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
- ^ "Women's indoor 60 metres | Records". iaaf.org. IAAF. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
- ^ "All time Top Lists Senior Indoor 60 Metres Men". World Athletics. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
- ^ Jon Hendershott (18 February 2018). "Coleman breaks world indoor 60m record at US Indoor Championships in Albuquerque". IAAF. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
- ^ Jon Hendershott (18 February 2018). "Coleman breaks world indoor 60m record at US Indoor Championships in Albuquerque". IAAF. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
- ^ "Men's 60m Results" (PDF). IAAF. 3 March 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
- ^ "60m Round 1 Results" (PDF). IAAF. 18 March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
- ^ "60m Semifinal Results" (PDF). IAAF. 18 March 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
- ^ Jon Mulkeen (16 January 2022). "Jones, Harrison and Usoro get their 2022 campaigns off to a strong start". Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- ^ "60 Metres Results". IAAF. 23 February 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- ^ "60 Metres Results". IAAF. 22 February 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
- ^ "60m Results" (PDF). IAAF. 18 March 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
- ^ "European Athletics Indoor Championships – 60m Men – Final – Results" (PDF). European Athletic Association. 6 March 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
- ^ Janofsky, Michael (6 September 1989). "Rule That Will Strip Johnson of His World Records Is Approved". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
- ^ Pierre-Jean Vazel (2021-11-02). "Athletics - Final Results". Analyzing the Olympic 100-meter sprints.
- ^ "Biomechanical Analysis 100 Metres" (PDF). IAAF. 16 August 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
- ^ "Biomechanical Analysis 100 Metres". La Libre. 29 September 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ "Maurice Greene equals 60m indoors world record mark". World Athletics. 1 February 1998. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ "Toplists - All time Top lists - Senior Indoor 60 Metres Women". World Athletics. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
- ^ "Women's 60m Results" (PDF). IAAF. 2 March 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
- ^ "60m Results Summary" (PDF). IAAF. 9 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
- ^ "60m Results" (PDF). British Athletics. 18 February 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
- ^ Gary Smith (5 March 2022). "Ewa Swoboda flashes to 6.99 at 2022 Polish Indoor Championships". world-track.org. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
- ^ "Dafne Schippers: Profile". IAAF.org. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
- ^ "60m Dash Results". flashresults.com. 12 March 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
- ^ Jon Hendershott (18 February 2018). "Coleman breaks world indoor 60m record at US Indoor Championships in Albuquerque". IAAF. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
- ^ Ramsak, Bob (20 February 2019). "Ta Lou dashes 7.02, J. Ingebrigtsen defeats Tefera in Dusseldorf". iaaf.org. IAAF. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
- ^ a b Lindstrom, Sieg (October 2019). "World Champs Women's 100 — Let's Hear It For Motherhood". Track & Field News. Archived from the original on 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
- ^ Brüggemann, Gert-Peter; Glad, Bill; International Amateur Athletic Federation; International Athletic Foundation (1990), Scientific research project at the games of the XXIVth Olympiad - Seoul 1988. Final report, Biomechanical analyses of the jumping events, time analyses of the sprint and hurdle events, IAAF, retrieved 16 May 2020
- ^ Evelyn Watta (8 September 2021). "Elusive world record now within reach for Elaine Thompson-Herah". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
External links[]
- All-time men's best 60 metres from alltime-athletics.com
- All-time women's best 60 metres from alltime-athletics.com
- Incomplete sports lists
- 60 metres
- Events in track and field
- Sprint (running)
- Indoor track and field
- Discontinued Summer Olympic disciplines in athletics