79th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)

79 Street
New York City Subway station (rapid transit)
View from northbound platform
Station statistics
Address	West 79th Street & Broadway New York, NY 10024[1][2]: 1
Borough	Manhattan
Locale	Upper West Side
Coordinates	40°47′02″N 73°58′48″W / 40.784°N 73.98°W / 40.784; -73.98Coordinates: 40°47′02″N 73°58′48″W / 40.784°N 73.98°W / 40.784; -73.98
Division	A (IRT)[3]
Line	IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line
Services	1  (all times) ​   2  (late nights)
Transit	NYCT Bus: M79 SBS, M104[4]
Structure	Underground
Platforms	2 side platforms
Tracks	4
Other information
Opened	October 27, 1904; 117 years ago (1904-10-27)[5]
Station code	312[6]
Opposite- direction transfer	No
Traffic
2019	4,745,863[7]  4.9%
Rank	96 out of 424[7]
Station succession
Next north	86th Street: 1  ​2
Next south	72nd Street: 1  ​2
Location Show map of New York City SubwayShow map of New York CityShow map of New YorkShow all
Track layout Legend to 86 St to 72 St
Street map
Station service legend Symbol Description Stops all times Stops late nights only
79th Street Subway Station (IRT)
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
New York City Landmark No. 1096
MPS	New York City Subway System MPS
NRHP reference No.	04001018[2]
NYCL No.	1096
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	September 17, 2004
Designated NYCL	October 23, 1979[8]

79th Street is a local station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of 79th Street and Broadway on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, it is served by the 1 train at all times and the 2 train during late nights.

The 79th Street station was constructed for the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) as part of the city's first subway line, which was approved in 1900. Construction of the line segment that includes the 79th Street station started on August 22 of the same year. The station opened on October 27, 1904, as one of the original 28 stations of the New York City Subway. The station's platforms have been lengthened since opening.

The 79th Street station contains two side platforms and four tracks; express trains use the inner two tracks to bypass the station. The station was built with tile and mosaic decorations, although most of the original design has been replaced with a cinder block design. The platforms contain exits to 79th Street and Broadway and are not connected to each other within fare control. The remaining portion of the original station interior is a New York City designated landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

History[]

Construction and opening[]

Original wall decorations and mosaics

Planning for a subway line in New York City dates to 1864.^[9]: 21 However, development of what would become the city's first subway line did not start until 1894, when the New York State Legislature authorized the Rapid Transit Act.^{[9]: 139–140} The subway plans were drawn up by a team of engineers led by William Barclay Parsons, chief engineer of the Rapid Transit Commission. It called for a subway line from New York City Hall in lower Manhattan to the Upper West Side, where two branches would lead north into the Bronx.^[8]: 3 A plan was formally adopted in 1897,^[9]: 148 and all legal conflicts concerning the route alignment were resolved near the end of 1899.^[9]: 161

The Rapid Transit Construction Company, organized by John B. McDonald and funded by August Belmont Jr., signed the initial Contract 1 with the Rapid Transit Commission in February 1900,^[10] in which it would construct the subway and maintain a 50-year operating lease from the opening of the line.^[9]: 165 In 1901, the firm of Heins & LaFarge was hired to design the underground stations.^[8]: 4 Belmont incorporated the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) in April 1902 to operate the subway.^[9]: 182

The 79th Street station was constructed as part of the IRT's West Side Line (now the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line) from 60th Street to 82nd Street, for which work had begun on August 22, 1900. Work for that section had been awarded to William Bradley.^[10] The 79th Street station opened on October 27, 1904, as one of the original 28 stations of the New York City Subway from City Hall to 145th Street on the West Side Branch.^{[5][9]: 186} The opening of the first subway line, and particularly the 79th Street station, helped contribute to the development of the Upper West Side.^[2]: 9

Service changes and station renovations[]

After the first subway line was completed in 1908,^[11] the station was served by local trains along both the West Side (now the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line to Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street) and East Side (now the Lenox Avenue Line). West Side local trains had their southern terminus at City Hall during rush hours and South Ferry at other times, and had their northern terminus at 242nd Street. East Side local trains ran from City Hall to Lenox Avenue (145th Street).^[12] In 1918, the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line opened south of Times Square–42nd Street, thereby dividing the original line into an "H"-shaped system. The original subway north of Times Square thus became part of the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line, and all local trains were sent to South Ferry.^[13]

To address overcrowding, in 1909, the New York Public Service Commission proposed lengthening platforms at stations along the original IRT subway.^[14]: 168 As part of a modification to the IRT's construction contracts, made on January 18, 1910, the company was to lengthen station platforms to accommodate ten-car express and six-car local trains. In addition to $1.5 million (equivalent to $41.7 million in 2020) spent on platform lengthening, $500,000 (equivalent to $13,888,000 in 2020) was spent on building additional entrances and exits. It was anticipated that these improvements would increase capacity by 25 percent.^[15]: 15 Platforms at local stations, such as the 79th Street station, were lengthened by between 20 to 30 feet (6.1 to 9.1 m). Both platforms were extended to the north and south.^[15]: 111

The IRT routes were given numbered designations with the introduction of "R-type" rolling stock, which contained rollsigns with numbered designations for each service. The first such fleet, the R12, was put into service in 1948.^[16] The Broadway route to 242nd Street became known as the 1 and the Lenox Avenue route as the 3.^[17]

The original IRT stations north of Times Square could barely fit local trains of five or six cars depending on the configuration of the trains. Stations on the line from 50th Street to 96th Street, including this station but excluding the 91st Street station, had their platforms extended in the 1950s to accommodate ten-car trains as part of a $100 million (equivalent to $887,785,388 in 2020) rebuilding program.^[18] The contract to extend the platforms at 79th Street and 86th Street was awarded to Delma Engineering Corporation for $1,867,705 in 1957 (equivalent to $17,210,000 in 2020).^[19] The platform extensions at the local stations were completed by early 1958.^[18] Once the project was completed, all 1 trains became local and all 2 and 3 trains became express, and eight-car local trains began operation. Increased and lengthened service was implemented during peak hours on the 1 train on February 6, 1959.^[20] Due to the lengthening of the platforms at 86th Street and 96th Street, the intermediate 91st Street station was closed on February 2, 1959, because it was too close to the other two stations.^[21][18]

The uptown platform and control area in 1978

On June 28, 1964, the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) awarded a contract to construct additional entrances at the station to Delma Engineering Corporation for $212,874 (equivalent to $1,776,310 in 2020).^[22] Work on the project was still underway in 1967.^[23]

In April 1988,^[24] the NYCTA unveiled plans to speed up service on the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line through the implementation of a skip-stop service: the 9 train.^[25] When skip-stop service started in 1989, it was only implemented north of 137th Street–City College on weekdays, and 79th Street was served by both the 1 and the 9.^[26][27][28] Skip-stop service ended on May 27, 2005.^[29][30]

In 1979, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the space within the boundaries of the original station, excluding expansions made after 1904, as a city landmark. The station was designated along with eleven others on the original IRT.^[8][31] The original interiors were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.^[2]

Station layout[]

G	Street level	Exit/entrance
P Platform level	Side platform
	Northbound local	← toward 242nd Street (86th Street) ← toward 241st Street late nights (86th Street)
	Northbound express	← do not stop here
	Southbound express	→ do not stop here →
	Southbound local	→ toward South Ferry (72nd Street) → → toward Flatbush Avenue late nights (72nd Street) →
	Side platform

Like other local stations, 79th Street has four tracks and two side platforms. The two express tracks are used by the 2 train during daytime hours and the 3 train at all times.^[32] The platforms were originally 200 feet (61 m) long, as at other local stations on the original IRT,^{[8]: 4 [2]: 3 [33]: 8} but as a result of the 1958–1959 platform extension, became 525 feet (160 m) long.^[2]: 17 The station was also originally 55.5 feet (16.9 m) wide.^[2]: 3

Design[]

Name in mosaics

Platform extension tiling

As with other stations built as part of the original IRT, the station was constructed using a cut-and-cover method.^[34]: 237 The tunnel is covered by a "U"-shaped trough that contains utility pipes and wires. The bottom of this trough contains a foundation of concrete no less than 4 inches (100 mm) thick.^{[2]: 3–4 [33]: 9} Each platform consists of 3-inch-thick (7.6 cm) concrete slabs, beneath which are drainage basins. The original platforms contain circular, cast-iron Doric-style columns spaced every 15 feet (4.6 m), while the platform extensions contain I-beam columns. Additional columns between the tracks, spaced every 5 feet (1.5 m), support the jack-arched concrete station roofs.^{[2]: 3–4 [8]: 4 [33]: 9} The ceiling height varies based on whether there are utilities in the ceiling; the areas without utilities is about 15 feet (4.6 m) above platform level. There is a 1-inch (25 mm) gap between the trough wall and the platform walls, which are made of 4-inch (100 mm)-thick brick covered over by a tiled finish.^{[2]: 3–4 [33]: 9}

The fare control areas are at platform level, and there is no crossover or crossunder between the platforms.^[2]: 4 The walls along the platforms near the fare control areas consist of a brick wainscoting on the lowest part of the wall, with bronze air vents along the wainscoting, and white glass tiles above. The platform walls are divided at 15-foot (4.6 m) intervals by buff and salmon tile pilasters, or vertical bands. There are tiled plaques about halfway up each pilaster, with the number "79" in white-on-green tile, and buff-and-salmon foliate designs around them. Atop each pilaster are buff faience plaques depicting two cornucopias around a shield. A cornice with egg-and-dart patterns atop bead-and-reel moldings run atop these walls.^{[2]: 4–5 [8]: 9} The mosaic tiles at all original IRT stations were manufactured by the American Encaustic Tile Company, which subcontracted the installations at each station.^[33]: 31 The decorative work was performed by tile contractor Alfred Boote Company and faience contractor Rookwood Pottery Company.^[33]: 37 The ceilings of the original platforms and fare control areas contain plaster molding.^{[2]: 4–5 [33]: 10} The section of the ceiling north of the fare control area is smooth, and the section south of fare control is composed of segmental vaults supported by the center columns.^[2]: 3–4

The remainders of both platforms have cream-colored tiles and a salmon trim line with "79TH ST" written on it in black Sans Serif font at regular intervals. These tiles were installed during the late 1950s renovation.^[35][36]

Exits[]

Southeastern corner stairs

The southbound platform is fully staffed, containing a turnstile bank, token booth, staircase going up to the northwest corner of West 79th Street and Broadway, and passageway separated from the platform by a steel fence leading to a staircase that goes up to the southwest corner of the intersection. This passageway has a High Entry-Exit Turnstile to the platform, with walls made of cinder block tiles.^{[2]: 4–5, 17 [37]}

The northbound platform's fare control is unstaffed, containing a turnstile bank, now-closed customer assistance booth, staircase going up to the southeast corner of West 79th Street and Broadway, and passageway separated from the platform by a steel fence leading to a staircase that goes up to the northeast corner of the intersection. This passageway has a High Exit-Only Turnstile to the platform, with walls made of cinder block tiles.^{[2]: 4–5, 17 [37]} The street staircases on both sides contain relatively simple, modern steel railings like those seen at most New York City Subway stations.^[2]: 5–6

References[]

External links[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 79th Street (IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line).

• nycsubway.org – IRT West Side Line: 79th Street
• Station Reporter – 1 Train
• Forgotten NY – Original 28 - NYC's First 28 Subway Stations (Part 2)