Atlas

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For the titan condemned to hold the heavens on his shoulders, see Atlas (mythology). For other uses, see Atlas (disambiguation).
Frontispiece of the 1595 atlas of Mercator
World map Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (Theatre of the Orb of the World) by Abraham Ortelius, 1570
Title page of Speculum Orbis Terrae, by Cornelis de Jode. Cornelis was the son of Gerard de Jode. When his father died in 1591, Cornelis de Jode took over the work on his father's uncompleted atlas project (Speculum Orbis Terrarum, originally published in 1578), which he eventually published in 1593.
Blaeu's world map, originally prepared by Joan Blaeu for his Atlas Maior, published in the first book of the Atlas Van Loon (1664).
Imperii Orientalis et Circumjacentium Regionum by Guillaume Delisle (1742)

An atlas is a collection of maps; it is typically a bundle of maps of Earth or a region of Earth.

Atlases have traditionally been bound into book form, but today many atlases are in multimedia formats. In addition to presenting geographic features and political boundaries, many atlases often feature geopolitical, social, religious and economic statistics. They also have information about the map and places in it.

Etymology[]

See also: Early modern Netherlandish cartography and geography

The concept of atlas in its modern sense and the genre of atlas in its own right were the brainchild and among the pioneering contributions of early modern Netherlandish cartographers, geographers and cosmographers;[1] most notably Gerardus Mercator (who first used the term 'atlas' for a collection of maps)[2] and Abraham Ortelius (who is often recognized as the creator of the first true atlas in the modern sense).[3] The use of the word "atlas" in a geographical context dates from 1595 when the German-Flemish geographer Gerardus Mercator published Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura (Atlas or cosmographical meditations upon the creation of the universe, and the universe as created). This title provides Mercator's definition of the word as a description of the creation and form of the whole universe, not simply as a collection of maps. The volume that was published posthumously one year after his death is a wide-ranging text but, as the editions evolved, it became simply a collection of maps and it is in that sense that the word was used from the middle of the seventeenth century. The neologism coined by Mercator was a mark of his respect for the Titan, Atlas, the "King of Mauretania", whom he considered to be the first great geographer.[4]

History of atlases[]

The first work that contained systematically arranged maps of uniform size representing the first modern atlas was prepared by Italian cartographer Pietro Coppo in early 16th century, however it wasn't published at the time so is conventionally not considered the first atlas. Rather, this title is awarded to the collection of maps Theatrum Orbis Terrarum by the Brabantian cartographer Abraham Ortelius printed in 1570. There is, however, quite a difference in the way atlases were published in the 16th-19th centuries and nowadays. Unlike now most atlases were not bound and ready for the customer to buy, but their possible components were shelved separately. The client could change the contents to their liking, have the maps coloured/gilded or not and after publisher and customer agreed the atlas was bound. Therefore it is possible that early printed atlases with the same title page can be different in contents.[5]

Types of atlases[]

A travel atlas is made for easy use during travel, and often has spiral bindings so it may be folded flat (for example Geographers' A-Z Map Company famous A–Z atlases). It has maps at a large zoom so the maps can be reviewed easily. A travel atlas may also be referred to as a road map.[6]

A desk atlas is made similar to a reference book. It may be in hardback or paperback form.

There are atlases of the other planets (and their satellites) in the Solar System.[7]

Atlases of anatomy exist, mapping out organs of the human body or other organisms.[8]

Selected atlases[]

Main article: List of atlases

Some cartographically or commercially important atlases include the following:

17th century and earlier
  • Atlas Sive Cosmographicae (Mercator, Duisburg, in present-day Germany, 1595)
  • Atlas Novus (Blaeu, Netherlands, 1635–1658)
  • Atlas Maior (Blaeu, Netherlands, 1662–1667)
  • Cartes générales de toutes les parties du monde (France, 1658–1676)
  • Dell'Arcano del Mare (England/Italy, 1645–1661)
  • Piri Reis map (Ottoman Empire, 1570–1612)
  • Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (Ortelius, Netherlands, 1570–1612)
  • Klencke Atlas (1660; one of the world's largest books)
  • The Brittania (John Ogilby, 1670–1676)
18th century
19th century
20th century
21st century

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Including notable contributors like Gerardus Mercator, Abraham Ortelius, Frans Hogenberg, Gerard de Jode, Cornelis de Jode, Lucas Waghenaer, Jodocus Hondius, Henricus Hondius, Johannes Janssonius, Willem Blaeu, Johannes Blaeu, Claes Visscher, Andreas Cellarius, Frederik de Wit. Also, some atlases published by Netherlandish cartographers such as Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (Theatre of the Orb of the World), Speculum Orbis Terrarum, Speculum Orbis Terrae (Mirror of the World), Spieghel der Zeevaerdt (Mariner's Mirror), Mercator-Hondius Atlas, Atlas Blaeu-Van der Hem, Atlas Maior, Atlas van Loon, Klencke Atlas, and Harmonia Macrocosmica are considered masterpieces in the history of mapmaking.
  2. ^ Van der Krogt, Peter (2015), 'Chapter 6: Gerhard Mercator and his Cosmography: How the 'Atlas' became an Atlas,'; in: Gerhard Holzer, et al. (eds.), A World of Innovation: Cartography in the Time of Gerhard Mercator. (Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015), pp. 112–130
  3. ^ Binding, Paul: Imagined Corners: Exploring the World's First Atlas. (London: Headline Book Publishing, 2003)
  4. ^ Mercator's own account of the reasons for choosing King Atlas are given in the preface of the 1595 atlas. A translation by David Sullivan is available in a digital version of the atlas published by Octavo. The text is freely available at the New York Society Library Archived March 10, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, pdf page 104 (corresponding to p34 of Sullivan's text).
  5. ^ Jan Smits, Todd Fell (2011). Early printed atlases: shaping Plato's 'Forms' into bibliographic descriptions. In: Journal of map & geography libraries : advances in geospatial information, collections & archives, (ISSN 1542-0353), 7(2011)2, p. 184-210.
  6. ^ "Road map". Merriam Webster. Retrieved 2012-05-31.
  7. ^ Greeley, Ronald; Batson, Raymond. The NASA Atlas of the Solar System. ISBN 978-0521561273.
  8. ^ Schwartz, John (2008-04-22). "The Body in Depth". The New York Times. Retrieved 2015-05-07.

External links[]

Sources
Online atlases
History of atlases
Historical atlases online
Other links
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