Barbareño language
Barbareño | |
---|---|
Native to | California, United States |
Region | Santa Barbara, Santa Ynez |
Extinct | 1965, with the death of Mary Yee[1] |
Revival | 2010 (Barbareño), 2003 (Ineseño) |
Chumashan
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | Either:boi – Barbareñoinz – Ineseño |
Glottolog | barb1263 Barbarenoines1240 Ineseno |
ELP | Barbareño |
Barbareño is one of the Chumashan languages, a group of Native American languages spoken in the area of Santa Barbara, California. The closely related Ineseño may have been a dialect of the same language. Barbareño lost its last known native speaker in 1965 with the death of Mary Yee.[1] Both Barbareño and Ineseño are currently undergoing processes of language revitalization.[2][3][4][5][6]
Language revitalization[]
As of 2013, the Barbareno Chumash Council is engaged in ongoing efforts to revive the language. Two of its members are language apprentices and teachers.[7][8] Wishtoyo Chumash Village, in Malibu, California, announced the opening of its Šmuwič Language School in 2010.[2][3]
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
Bilabial | Alveolar | Postalveolar/ Palatal |
Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | sibilant | |||||||
Plosive/ Affricate |
plain | p | t | t͡s | t͡ʃ | k | q | ʔ |
ejective | pʼ | tʼ | t͡sʼ | t͡ʃʼ | kʼ | qʼ | ||
aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | t͡sʰ | t͡ʃʰ | kʰ | qʰ | ||
Fricative | plain | s | ʃ | x | h | |||
ejective | sʼ | ʃʼ | xʼ | |||||
aspirated | sʰ | ʃʰ | ||||||
Nasal | plain | m | n | |||||
glottalized | ˀm | ˀn | ||||||
Approximant | plain | l | j | w | ||||
glottalized | ˀl | ˀj | ˀw |
Vowels[]
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | ɨ | u |
Open | e | a | o |
References[]
- ^ a b Poser, William J. (2004). "On the Status of Chumash Sibilant Harmony" (PDF). Ms., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
- ^ a b "Chumash Language". Wishtoyo Foundation. Archived from the original on 2013-07-05. Retrieved 2013-05-08.
- ^ a b Moreno, Sarah Koyo (2011). "Our Ancestors are Happy: Chumash Language Learning at Wishtoyo". News from Native California. 24 (4). Archived from the original on 2013-02-02. Retrieved 2013-05-08.
- ^ Chawkins, Steve (2008-04-20). "Chumash recover their 'alishtaha'n: Armed with a trove of scattered notes, linguist saves ancestral tongue from brink of extinction". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2013-05-07.
- ^ "Chumash Dictionary Breathes Life into Moribund Language". The Santa Barbara Independent. Archived from the original on 2014-05-08. Retrieved 2013-05-07.
- ^ "Bringing Back the Samala Chumash Language". Channel Islands National Park. 2010-04-08. Archived from the original on June 26, 2013. Retrieved 2013-05-07.
- ^ "Barbareno Chumash Council". Archived from the original on 2013-08-22. Retrieved 2013-05-08.
- ^ "Funded Projects". Seventh Generation Fund for Indian Development. Archived from the original on 2013-05-09. Retrieved 2013-05-08.
Further reading[]
- Beeler, M. S. (January 1970). "Sibilant Harmony in Chumash". International Journal of American Linguistics. 36 (1): 14–17. doi:10.1086/465084. JSTOR 1264477. S2CID 145163145.
- Applegate, Richard. (1972). Ineseño Chumash Grammar. (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley).
- Beeler, M. S. 1976. Barbareno Chumash: a farrago. In Langdon, Margaret and Silver, Shirley, eds. Hokan Studies: Papers from the 1st Conference on Hokan Languages held in San Diego, California April 23–25, 1970, pp. 251–270. The Hague: Mouton.
- Wash, Suzanne. (1995). Productive Reduplication in Barbareño Chumash. (Master's thesis, University of California, Santa Barbara; 210 + x pp.)
- Wash, Suzanne. (2001). Adverbial Clauses in Barbareño Chumash Narrative Discourse. (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara; 569 + xxii pp.)
External links[]
- Barbareño language overview at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
- "Barbareño / Chumash sound recordings". Collections Search Center, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2012-07-20.
- Chumash Barbareño, Smithsonian Archives
- Barbareño Chumash Names for the Body
- Samala Chumash Language Tutorial
- OLAC resources in and about the Barbareño language
- OLAC resources in and about the Ineseño language
- Ineseño basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
- This article incorporates public domain material from the National Park Service document: "Bringing Back the Samala Chumash Language".
Categories:
- Chumashan languages
- Indigenous languages of California
- Extinct languages of North America
- Native American language revitalization
- History of Santa Barbara County, California
- Languages extinct in the 1960s
- 1960s disestablishments in California