Velar ejective stop

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"Kʼ" redirects here. For Greenlandic letter, see Kra (letter).
Velar ejective stop
kʼ
IPA Number109 + 401
Encoding
Entity (decimal)k​ʼ
Unicode (hex)U+006B U+02BC
X-SAMPAk_>
Audio sample
0:00
source · help

The velar ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨kʼ⟩.

Features[]

Features of the velar ejective:

  • Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a plosive.
  • Its place of articulation is velar, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the soft palate.
  • Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping the glottis upward.

Occurrence[]

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Abkhaz акы/aky [akʼə] 'one'
Adyghe Temirgoy шкӏэ/šč̣ǎ About this sound[ʃkʼa] (help·info) 'calf'
Shapsug кӏьэ/č̣yė About this sound[kʲʼa] (help·info) 'tail' Palatalized. Corresponds to [t͡ʃʼ] in other dialects.
Archi[1] кIан/k'an [kʼan] 'bottom'
Armenian Yerevan dialect[2] կեղծ/kekhts [kʼɛʁt͡sʼ] 'false' Corresponds to tenuis [k⁼] in other Eastern dialects.
Chechen кӀант/khant [kʼɑːnt] 'boy'
English[3][4] Non-local Dublin[5] back [bakʼ] 'back' Allophone of /k/ for some speakers.[5]
Northern English[6][7][8][9] Pre-pausal allophone of /k/ for some speakers;[6][8] may be somewhat palatalised.[6] See English phonology
Southern English[5][6][7][8]
Scottish[10] Occasional word-final allophone of /k/.[10]
Georgian კაბა/k'aba [kʼaba] 'dress'
Haida ttsanskkaagid [tsʼanskʼaːkit] 'beams'
Hausa ƙoƙari [kʼòːkʼɐ̄ɾī] 'effort'
Kabardian Baslaney кӏьапсэ/kl'apsè About this sound[kʲʼaːpsa] (help·info) 'rope' Palatalized. Corresponds to [t͡ʃʼ] in other dialects.
K'iche' k'ak' [kʼaːkʼ] 'new'
Lezgian кIир/k'ir [kʼir] 'fang'
Navajo k'os [k'òs] 'cloud'
Ossetian Iron къона/khona [ˈkʼonä] 'hearth'
Digoron дзæкъолæ/dzækholæ [d͡zəˈkʼoɫə] 'bag'
Quechua k'aspi [kʼaspi] 'stick'

See also[]

  • List of phonetics topics

Notes[]

  1. ^ "The Archi Language Tutorial" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2021-05-01.
  2. ^ Dum-Tragut (2009:17–18)
  3. ^ Wells & Colson (1971:3)
  4. ^ "Ejectives in English | Linguism | Linguistics, Pronunciation and Phonetics". 21 August 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Glossary". Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "John Wells's phonetic blog: ejectives in English". 8 December 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b Cruttenden (2008:167)
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b c Wells (1982:261)
  9. ^ Gimson (1970:34)
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b McCarthy & Stuart-Smith (2013)

References[]

  • Cruttenden, Alan, ed. (2008), Gimson's Pronunciation of English (7th ed.), London: Hodder, ISBN 978-0340958773
  • Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
  • Gimson, Alfred C. (1970), An Introduction to the pronunciation of English, London: Edward Arnold
  • Wells, John C.; Colson, Greta (1971), Practical Phonetics, London: Pitman, ISBN 0-273-43949-9
  • Wells, John C. (1982), Accents of English I: An Introduction, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29719-2

External links[]

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