Demographics of Niger

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This article is about the people of Niger. It is not to be confused with Nigerians, the people of Nigeria.
Niger population pyramid in 2020

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Niger, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

The largest ethnic groups in Niger are the Hausa, who also constitute the major ethnic group in northern Nigeria, and the Zarma Songhai (also spelled Djerma-Songhai), who also are found in parts of Mali. Both groups are sedentary farmers who live in the arable, southern tier. The Kanouri (including Beri Beri, Manga) make up the majority of sedentary population in the far southeast of the nation. The remainder of the Nigerien people are nomadic or seminomadic livestock-raising peoples—Tuareg, Fulani,[1] Toubou and Diffa Arabs. With rapidly growing populations and the consequent competition for meager natural resources, lifestyles of these two types of peoples have come increasingly into conflict in Niger in recent years. Some white French people live in the country due to Niger being a former colony of France.

Niger's high infant mortality rate is comparable to levels recorded in neighboring countries. However, the child mortality rate (deaths among children between the ages of 1 and 4) is exceptionally high (274 per 1,000) due to generally poor health conditions and inadequate nutrition for most of the country's children. Niger's very high total fertility rate (6.89 children born per woman, which is the highest in the world[2]), nonetheless, means that nearly half (49%) of the Nigerien population is under age 15. School attendance is low (34%), including 38% of males and 27% of females. Additional education occurs through Koranic schools.

Population[]

Demographics of Niger, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.
Year Population

(persons)

%+
1960 3,240,000 —
1970 4,210,000 29.9%
1980 5,578,000 32.5%
1990 7,754,610 39.0%
2000 10,492,569 35.3%
2010 15,203,822 44.9%

Source: Institut National de la Statistique - Niger[3]

Census results[]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1977 5,102,990—    
1988 7,251,626+42.1%
2001 11,060,291+52.5%
2012 17,138,707+55.0%

UN estimates[]

According to the 2019 revision of the World Population Prospects[4][5] the total population was 22,442,831 in 2018, compared to only 2 462 000 in 1950. The proportion of children and teenagers below the age of 15 in 2010 was 49%, 48.8% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while only 2.2% was 65 years or older.[6]

Total population Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 2 462 000 49.5 49.6 0.9
1955 2 834 000 48.1 51.1 0.8
1960 3 250 000 47.1 51.8 1.1
1965 3 766 000 46.9 51.7 1.3
1970 4 373 000 47.7 50.8 1.5
1975 5 071 000 48.1 50.3 1.6
1980 5 871 000 48.0 50.3 1.7
1985 6 744 000 48.2 49.9 1.9
1990 7 788 000 48.3 49.7 2.0
1995 9 179 000 48.3 49.6 2.1
2000 10 922 000 48.5 49.4 2.1
2005 12 994 000 48.9 49.0 2.1
2010 15 512 000 49.0 48.8 2.2

Life expectancy[]

Period Life expectancy in
Years[7]
1950–1955 34.50
1955–1960 Increase 34.81
1960–1965 Increase 35.29
1965–1970 Increase 35.62
1970–1975 Increase 36.32
1975–1980 Increase 37.75
1980–1985 Increase 40.36
1985–1990 Increase 42.27
1990–1995 Increase 45.01
1995–2000 Increase 48.36
2000–2005 Increase 51.42
2005–2010 Increase 54.91
2010–2015 Increase 58.53

Vital statistics[]

Registration of vital events in Niger is incomplete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [6]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR*
1950-1955 139 000 66 000 74 000 52.6 24.8 27.8 6.86 174
1955-1960 164 000 76 000 88 000 53.8 24.9 29.0 6.96 171
1960-1965 195 000 89 000 105 000 55.5 25.5 30.1 7.13 167
1965-1970 229 000 105 000 124 000 56.2 25.8 30.4 7.32 164
1970-1975 263 000 121 000 142 000 55.8 25.6 30.2 7.52 162
1975-1980 301 000 138 000 164 000 55.1 25.1 29.9 7.63 161
1980-1985 350 000 157 000 193 000 55.4 24.8 30.6 7.76 159
1985-1990 406 000 179 000 227 000 55.9 24.6 31.3 7.81 155
1990-1995 471 000 192 000 279 000 55.5 22.7 32.8 7.78 146
1995-2000 538 000 194 000 344 000 53.5 19.3 34.2 7.60 131
2000-2005 614 000 194 000 420 000 51.3 16.2 35.1 7.40 113
2005-2010 705 000 196 000 509 000 49.5 13.8 35.7 7.19 96
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Fertility and births[]

Total fertility rate (TFR; Wanted Fertility Rate) and crude birth rate (CBR):[8]

Year CBR total TFR total CBR urban TFR urban CBR rural TFR rural
1988 7.51
1992 7.37 (7,1) 6.71 (6,3) 7.52 (7,3)
1998 52.8 7.5 (7,2) 44.0 5.9 (5,6) 55.0 7.9 (7,7)
2006 46.1 7.1 (6,9) 40.7 6.0 (5,6) 47.1 7.4 (7,2)
2012 46.6 7.6 (6,8) 39.0 5.6 (4,7) 48.1 8.1 (7,3)

Fertility data as of 2012 (DHS Program):[9]

Region Total fertility rate Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant Mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49
Agadez 5.7 9.2 7.1
Diffa 6.4 11.0 6.3
Dosso 7.5 11.7 7.7
Maradi 8.4 16.4 9.0
Tahoua 7.3 13.0 7.5
Tillabéri 7.9 15.6 7.8
Zinder 8.5 17.3 8.6
Niamey 5.3 9.6 5.9

Ethnic groups[]

Population of Niger according to ethnic group in 1988 and 2001
Ethnic
group 		census 1988[10] census 2001[10] 2014 [11]
Number % Number % Number %
Hausa 3,770,927 53.0 6,069,731 55.4 9,218,000 50.9
Djerma 1,511,341 21.2 2,300,874 21.0 3,298,000 18.2
Songhay N/A N/A N/A N/A 946,000 5.2%
Tuareg 739,202 10.4 1,016,883 9.3 1,695,000 9.1
Fulani 694,428 9.8 935,517 8.5 1,507,000 8.3
Kanuri 316,471 4.4 513,116 4.7 796,000 4.3
Toubou 31,403 0.4 42,172 0.4 86,000 0.5
Arab 24,178 0.3 40,085 0.4 70,000 0.4
Gurma 19,714 0.3 39,797 0.4 56,000 0.3
Other 12,265 0.2 5,951 0.1 400,900 2.2
Total 7,119,929 10,964,126 18,072,900

Core health indicators[]

World Health Organization 2007 statistics: Core Health Indicators for Niger[12]
Indicator Value (year)
Life expectancy at birth (years) males 61.05 (2015)
Life expectancy at birth (years) females 62.9 (2015)
Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birth (years) males 36.0 (2002)
Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birth (years) females 35.0 (2002)
Probability of dying (per 1 000 population) between 15 and 60 years (adult mortality rate) males 502 (2005)
Probability of dying (per 1 000 population) between 15 and 60 years (adult mortality rate) females 478 (2005)
Total expenditure on health as percentage of gross domestic product 4.2 (2004)
Per capita total expenditure on health at international dollar rate 25.9 (2004)
Population (in thousands) total 13957 (2005)

Other demographic statistics[]

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019.[13]

  • One birth every 29 seconds
  • One death every 3 minutes
  • One net migrant every 90 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 36 seconds

The following demographic are from the CIA World Factbook[14] unless otherwise indicated.

Population[]

19,866,231 (July 2018 est.)

Age structure[]

Population pyramid of Niger in 2017
0-14 years: 48.68% (male 4,878,031 /female 4,793,021)
15-24 years: 19.36% (male 1,899,879 /female 1,945,806)
25-54 years: 26.02% (male 2,581,597 /female 2,587,913)
55-64 years: 3.3% (male 340,032 /female 315,142)
65 years and over: 2.64% (male 268,072 /female 256,738) (2018 est.)

Birth rate[]

43.6 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 2nd

Death rate[]

11.5 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Total fertility rate[]

6.35 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 1st

Median age[]

total: 15.5 years. Country comparison to the world: 228th
male: 15.4 years
female: 15.7 years (2018 est.)

Population growth rate[]

3.16% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 7th

Mother's mean age at first birth[]

18.1 years (2012 est.)
note: median age at first birth among women 25-29

Contraceptive prevalence rate[]

18.9% (2017)

Net migration rate[]

-0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 125th

Dependency ratios[]

total dependency ratio: 111.6 (2015 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 106.2 (2015 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 5.4 (2015 est.)
potential support ratio: 18.6 (2015 est.)

Urbanization[]

urban population: 16.4% of total population (2018)
rate of urbanization: 4.27% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Sex ratio[]


at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
younger than 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2010 est.)

Life expectancy at birth[]

total population: 56.3 years (2018 est.)
male: 55 years (2018 est.)
female: 57.7 years (2018 est.)
total population: 52.6 years
male: 51.39 years
female: 53.85 years (2010 est.)

Nationality[]

noun: Nigerien(s)
adjective: Nigerien

Ethnic Groups[15][]

Religions[]

Muslim 99.3%, Christian 0.3%, animist 0.2%, none 0.1% (2012 est.)

Languages[15][]

Main article: Languages of Niger

Literacy[]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)

total population: 19.1% (2015 est.)
male: 27.3% (2015 est.)
female: 11% (2015 est.)
Total population: 28.7% (2004 est.; source: UNDP 2006; NB- this figure is given without reference to which languages are considered)
Male: 42.9%
Female: 15.1%

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)[]

total: 6 years (2017)
male: 7 years (2017)
female: 6 years (2017)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24[]

total: 80% (2011 est.)
male: 55% (2019 est.)
female: 25% (2019 est.)

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ In Fula: Fulɓe; in French: Peul.
  2. ^ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html
  3. ^ "Annuaire Statistique - Démographie". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-01-22.
  4. ^ ""World Population prospects – Population division"". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
  5. ^ ""Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision" (xslx). population.un.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived May 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 2018-08-26.
  8. ^ "MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys".
  9. ^ http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR277/FR277.pdf
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b UN Demographic Yearbooks
  11. ^ Niger, retrieved 2021-03-12
  12. ^ World Health Organization 2007 statistics: Core Health Indicators for Niger.
  13. ^ "Niger Population 2019", World Population Review
  14. ^ "The World FactBook - Niger", The World Factbook, July 12, 2018Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b "Africa :: NIGER". CIA The World Factbook.
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