Executive Order 13988

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Executive Order 13988
"Preventing and Combating Discrimination on the Basis of Gender Identity or Sexual Orientation"
Seal of the President of the United States
President Biden signs a series of Executive Orders amongst which was order 13988 shortly after his inauguration on January 20th, 2021.
TypeExecutive order
Executive Order number13988
Signed byJoe Biden on January 20, 2021 (2021-01-20)
Federal Register details
Federal Register document number2021-01761
Publication date20 January 2021
Summary
Requires all federal agencies to extend existing protections on the basis of sex to include sexual orientation and gender identity

Executive Order 13988, officially titled Preventing and Combating Discrimination on the Basis of Gender Identity or Sexual Orientation, is the fourth executive order signed by U.S. President Joe Biden on January 20, 2021.[1][2][3]

Provisions[]

The order directs all federal agencies to review all policies which implement the non-discrimination protections on the basis of sex ordered by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (pursuant to the Supreme Court case Bostock v. Clayton County), Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, the Fair Housing Act and section 412 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 and to extend these protections to the categories of sexual orientation and gender identity. Extending beyond the scope of President Barack Obama's Executive Order 13672 of 2014, which protected against discrimination on the basis of gender identity in the civilian federal workforce as well as sexual orientation and gender identity discrimination by federal contractors, as well as President Bill Clinton's Executive Order 13087, which protected against discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in the civilian federal workforce.

Effects[]

Reactions[]

The Human Rights Campaign hailed Biden's order as "most substantive, wide-ranging executive order concerning sexual orientation and gender identity ever issued by a United States president".[4]

In opposition, U.S. Senator Roger Marshall has announced, "executive order will destroy women’s sports."[5] Nikki Haley has denounced Biden's order.[6]

Lauren Adams, Legal Director for the Women's Liberation Front, a trans-exclusionary radical feminist organization, said, "Both executive orders send a heartbreaking message to women and girls that their government does not view them as worthy of consideration and is not willing to recognize female people as a discrete class."[7]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ "Executive Order on Preventing and Combating Discrimination on the Basis of Gender Identity or Sexual Orientation". The White House. 2021-01-21. Retrieved 2021-01-21.
  3. ^ "Preventing and Combating Discrimination on the Basis of Gender Identity or Sexual Orientation". Federal Register. 2021-01-25. Retrieved 2021-01-23.
  4. ^ Acosta, Lucas (20 January 2021). "President Biden Issues Most Substantive, Wide-Ranging LGBTQ Executive Order In U.S. History". Human Rights Campaign - Press Releases. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  5. ^ Marshall, Roger (1 March 2021). "Sen. Marshall Op-ed: Biden's gender discrimination executive order will destroy women's sports". Sen. Roger Marshall's Press Releases. Washington, D.C. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  6. ^ Norman, Greg (8 February 2021). "Nikki Haley calls Biden's executive order about transgender athletics an 'attack on women's rights'". Fox News. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  7. ^ "Women's Liberation Front: Biden Executive Order on "Gender Identity" Will Eviscerate Women's Rights". PR Newswire.

External links[]

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