Foreign relations of Antigua and Barbuda
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Antigua and Barbuda maintains diplomatic relations with the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the People's Republic of China, as well as with many Latin American countries and neighbouring Eastern Caribbean states. It is a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of American States, the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States, the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas, Petrocaribe and the Eastern Caribbean's Regional Security System (RSS).
As a member of CARICOM, Antigua and Barbuda supported efforts by the United States to implement UN Security Council Resolution 940, designed to facilitate the departure of Haiti's de facto authorities from power. The country agreed to contribute personnel to the multinational force which restored the democratically elected government of Haiti in October 1994.
In May 1997, Prime Minister Bird joined 14 other Caribbean leaders and President Clinton for the first-ever US-regional summit in Bridgetown, Barbados. The summit strengthened the basis for regional co-operation on justice and counter-narcotics issues, finance and development, and trade.
Antigua and Barbuda is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).
Disputes – international: none
Illicit drugs: considered a minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as a drug-money-laundering center.
Bilateral relations[]
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
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3 June 2011 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 June 2011.[1] |
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25 August 1993 |
The establishment of diplomatic relations between Armenia and Antigua and Barbuda started on 14 May 1993. |
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1 November 1981 |
Antigua & Barbuda and Barbados were once both commonwealth realms (now only Antigua & Barbuda is), members of: the Association of Caribbean States, the Caribbean Community, the Belt & Road Initiative, the Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth of Nations, ECLAC, EU-CARIFORUM, the Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States, the Organization of American States, the Small Island Developing States, and the United Nations. The establishment of diplomatic relations between Barbados and Antigua and Barbuda started on 1 November 1981.
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4 February 1983 |
Antigua & Barbuda and Belize are two of fifteen commonwealth realms, members of: the Association of Caribbean States, the Caribbean Community, the Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth of Nations, ECLAC, EU-CARIFORUM, the Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States, the Organization of American States, and the United Nations. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1983.[3] |
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1 November 1981 |
Antigua & Barbuda and Canada are two of fifteen commonwealth realms, members of: the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of American States, and the United Nations. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1967.[4][5]
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1 January 1983 |
Both countries have established diplomatic relations.[7] |
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7 November 2017 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 November 2017.[8] |
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21 July 2004 |
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28 October 1985 |
Denmark is represented in Antigua and Barbuda by its Consulate General in New York and an honorary consulate in St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda.[10] |
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26 September 2008 |
Finland has an honorary consulate in St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda.[11] |
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7 April 2011 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 April 2010.[12] |
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3 February 1982 |
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Both countries have established diplomatic relations and have an Extradition Arrangement.[14][15] |
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23 September 2011 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations in 2011.[16] |
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19 May 2000 |
Ireland is represented in Antigua and Barbuda through its embassy in Washington DC, United States.[17][18] |
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22 June 1983 |
Israel is represented in Antigua and Barbuda through its embassy in Dominican Republic.[19] |
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14 October 1982 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations in October 1982.[20][21] |
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24 July 2019 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 July 2019.[22] Kosovo and Antigua and Barbuda enjoy excellent relationships. |
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19 March 1993 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 March 1993.[23] |
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23 September 2004 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 September 2004.[24] |
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25 March 2002 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 March 2002.[21] |
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23 July 2004 |
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14 September 1984 |
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19 June 2013 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 June 2013.[28] |
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11 April 2011 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 April 2011.[29] |
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16 July 2010 |
Both nations established diplomatic relations on 16 July 2010. |
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5 April 2018 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 April 2018.[31] |
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12 December 2016 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 December 2016.[32] |
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26 June 2004 |
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1 November 1981 |
The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and Antigua and Barbuda began on 1 November 1981.[34] |
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27 June 1988 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1988. |
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Feb. 3, 1982[35] | See Antigua and Barbuda–Turkey relations
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1 November 1981 |
Both countries have established diplomatic relations. Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations. |
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1 November 1981 |
Relations between Antigua and Barbuda and the United States have been friendly since Antigua and Barbuda's independence from the United Kingdom in 1981. The United States has supported the Government of Antigua and Barbuda's effort to expand its economic base and to improve its citizens' standard of living. However, concerns over the lack of adequate regulation of the financial services sector prompted the US Government to issue a financial advisory for Antigua and Barbuda in 1999. The advisory was lifted in 2001, but the US Government continues to monitor the Government of Antigua and Barbuda's regulation of financial services. The United States also has been active in supporting post-hurricane disaster assistance and rehabilitation through the US Agency for International Development's (USAID) Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance and the Peace Corps. US assistance is primarily channelled through multilateral agencies such as the World Bank and the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB), as well as through the USAID office in Bridgetown, Barbados. Antigua and Barbuda is strategically situated in the Leeward Islands near maritime transport lanes of major importance to the United States. Antigua has long hosted a US military presence. A former US Navy support facility, turned over to the Government of Antigua and Barbuda in 1995, is now being developed as a regional coast guard training facility. Antigua and Barbuda's location close to the US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico makes it an attractive transshipment point for narcotics traffickers. To address these problems, the United States and Antigua and Barbuda have signed a series of counter-narcotic and counter-crime treaties and agreements, including a maritime law enforcement agreement (1995), subsequently amended to include overflight and order-to-land provisions (1996); a bilateral extradition treaty (1996); and a mutual legal assistance treaty (1996). In addition, Antigua and Barbuda receives counter-narcotics assistance and benefits from US military exercise-related and humanitarian civic assistance construction projects. In 2005, Antigua and Barbuda had 239,804 stay-over visitors, with nearly 28% of Antigua and Barbuda's visitors coming from the United States. It is estimated that 4,500 Americans reside in the country. In 2005 both countries disputed a World Trade Organization ruling over gambling law. In 2007 relations were strained when Antigua and Barbuda demanded sanctions worth $3.4bn imposed on the US for its failure to obey the WTO gambling ruling stating that "while we realise this is a significant step for Antigua and Barbuda to take, we feel we have no choice in the matter".[38] Nevertheless, relations between the two countries are still strong. |
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15 June 1982 | Antigua and Barbuda enjoys close relations with Venezuela. As of June 2009 it became a formal member of the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA) international co-operation organisation and the Caribbean oil alliance Petrocaribe. In 2009 Antigua and Barbuda received US$50 million from Venezuela because of the country's membership of these initiatives. "We have benefited from these relationships and so we will continue to forge these alliances, whether it is with Venezuela, Cuba or whoever else that we feel is in the interest of Antigua and Barbuda and the sub-region," said the Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda Baldwin Spencer.[39] |
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8 November 2013 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 November 2013.[40] |
See also[]
- West Indies Associated States
- Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States
- List of diplomatic missions in Antigua and Barbuda
- List of diplomatic missions of Antigua and Barbuda
- North American Union
- North American Free Trade Agreement
- Free Trade Area of the Americas
- Third Border Initiative
- Caribbean Community
- Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI)
- Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act
- Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative
References[]
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- ^ "DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS – BELIZE" (PDF). Mfa.gov.bz. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
- ^ Government of Canada, Global Affairs Canada. "Canada and Antigua and Barbuda". International.gc.ca.
- ^ Government of Canada, Global Affairs Canada. "Canada and Antigua and Barbuda relations". International.gc.ca.
- ^ "Canada – Antigua and Barbuda Relations". Retrieved 22 April 2013.
- ^ "Antigua and Barbuda". Fmprc.gov.cn.
- ^ "Antigua and Barbuda Establishes Diplomatic Relations with the Cook Islands – ABHCUK". Antigue-barbuda.com.
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- ^ "Antigua og Barbuda". Anitguabarbuda.um.dk.
- ^ "Honorary Consulate of Finland, St. John's - Ministry for Foreign Affairs". Um.fi.
- ^ "საქართველოს საგარეო საქმეთა სამინისტრო - ანტიგუა და ბარბუდა". Mfa.gov.ge. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
- ^ "Countries with which Guyana has Establishment Diplomatic Relations – Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Co-operative Republic of Guyana". Minfor.gov.gy.
- ^ "MEA - List of Extradition Treaties/Arrangements". Mea.gov.in.
- ^ "MINISTRY OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS ORDER" (PDF). Mea.gov.in. New Delhi. 3 August 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
- ^ "Annual Press Statement by H.E. Dr. R. M. Marty M. Natalegawa, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia" (PDF). Kemlu.go.id. Jakarta. 4 January 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
- ^ "Antigua & Barbuda - Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Dfa.ie.
- ^ "Antigua and Barbuda - Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Dfa.ie.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 20 April 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Japan-Antigua and Barbuda Relations (Basic Data)". Mofa.go.jp.
- ^ a b "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Antigua and Barbuda". 17 May 2010. Archived from the original on 17 May 2010.
- ^ "Twitter". mobile.twitter.com. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
- ^ Lobzova, Liene. "Establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations". Mfa.gov.lv.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 20 February 2019. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
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: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Mexico's Relations with the Caribbean" (PDF). Sebado.gob.mx.
- ^ "Inicio". Embamex.sre.gob.mx. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
- ^ "Mongolia ties diplomatic relations with nine more countries - The UB Post". Ubpost.mongolnews.mn.
- ^ "Tabela priznanja i uspostavljanja diplomatskih odnosa". Mvp.gov.me.
- ^ Trade, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and. "Caribbean". Mfat.govt.nz.
- ^ "Romania and Antigua & Barbuda have agreed to establish diplomatic relations - Ministry of Foreign Affairs". Mae.ro.
- ^ "DIPLOMATIC & CONSULAR LIST : MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS SINGAPORE" (PDF). App1.mfa.gov.sg. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
- ^ "Antigua and Barbuda". Dirco.gov.za.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Relations between Turkey and Antigua and Barbuda". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
- ^ "Relations between Turkey and Antigua and Barbuda". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
- ^ "Relations between Turkey and Antigua and Barbuda". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
- ^ "Antigua hits back at US on gaming". News.bbc.co.uk. 21 June 2007.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2009.
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: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "- VN establish diplomatic ties Antigua and Barbuda". Mofa.gov.vn.
- "U.S. Relations With Antigua and Barbuda". US Department of State. 7 February 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
- "Antigua & Barbuda Country Specific Information". US Department of State. Archived from the original on 30 June 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook website https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/.
This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Department of State website https://www.state.gov/countries-areas/. (U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets)
This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Department of State website https://www.state.gov/countries-areas/. (U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets)
External links[]
- Foreign relations of Antigua and Barbuda
- Government of Antigua and Barbuda