Antigua and Barbuda–Turkey relations

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Antigua and Barbuda–Turkey relations
Map indicating locations of Antigua and Barbuda and Turkey

Antigua and Barbuda
Turkey

The Turkish ambassador in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic[1] is also accredited to Antigua and Barbuda.

Diplomatic Relations[]

Turkey and Antigua and Barbuda were both fiercely anti-communist and very ardent supporters of the United States during the Cold War. The two countries cooperated through the US military base in the country.

In 1986, bilateral relations became tense when ALP suspected[2] the United States–led group of countries, including Turkey, of regarding Deputy Prime Minister Lester Bird, the presumed successor[3] to his father– the First Prime Minister Bird– as too leftist for[4] the upcoming 1989 election. ALP alleged that this suspicion was founded on the fact that The Workers' Voice,[5] the ATLU-supported newspaper supported Deputy Prime Minister Lester Bird.[6]

Despite winning the 1989 election on a platform of criticizing the pervasive presence of Western military,[7] including Turkey’s[8] and United States’s, Lester Bird’s ALP remained[9] firmly anti-communist when he became the Prime Minister. Consequently, bilateral relations with Turkey improved.[10]

Economic Relations[]

  • Trade volume between the two countries was 12.5 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 12.5/0.01 million USD).[11]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Relations between Turkey and Antigua and Barbuda". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
  2. ^ Russell, Richard, and William G. Mclntire. Barbuda Reconnaissance. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1966.
  3. ^ Russell, Richard, and William G. Mclntire. Barbuda Reconnaissance. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1966.
  4. ^ Russell, Richard, and William G. Mclntire. Barbuda Reconnaissance. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1966.
  5. ^ Richards, Novelle H. The Struggle and the Conquest, Pt. II: The Locust Years. St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda: West Indies Workers Voice Printery, 1981.
  6. ^ Richards, Novelle H. The Struggle and the Conquest, Pt. II: The Locust Years. St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda: West Indies Workers Voice Printery, 1981.
  7. ^ Henry, Paget. Peripheral Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Antigua. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Books, 1995.
  8. ^ Henry, Paget. Peripheral Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Antigua. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Books, 1995.
  9. ^ Henry, Paget. Peripheral Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Antigua. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Books, 1995.
  10. ^ Henry, Paget. Peripheral Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Antigua. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Books, 1995.
  11. ^ "Relations between Turkey and Antigua and Barbuda". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.

Further reading[]

  • "State-Class Relations in Antigua," Bulletin of Eastern Caribbean Affairs [Cave Hill, Barbados], 7, No. 5, November- December 1981, pp. 7–11.
  • Antigua and Barbuda. Ministry of Economic Development and Tourism. Investing in Antigua and Barbuda. St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda: 1986.
  • Antigua and Barbuda. Ministry of Education and Culture. Report on the Education Division, 1979–1981. St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda: n.d.
  • Antigua: Report for the Years 1963 and 1964. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1966.
  • Challenger, Brian. "The Antiguan Economy: 1967 -1981," Bulletin of Eastern Caribbean Affairs [Cave Hill, Barbados], 7, No. 5, November–December 1981, pp. 12–18.
  • Davis, Gregson. Antigua Black: Portrait of an Island People. San Francisco: Scrimshaw Press, 1973.
  • Gaspar, Barry. Bondmen and Rebels: A Study of Master-Slave Relations in Antigua. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985.
  • Henry, Paget. Peripheral Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Antigua. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Books, 1995.
  • Prime, Timothy S. Economic Impact of Tourism in Antigua. Christ Church, Antigua and Barbuda: Caribbean Tourism Research and Development Centre, 1981.
  • Richards, Novelle H. The Struggle and the Conquest, Pt. II: The Locust Years. St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda: West Indies Workers Voice Printery, 1981.
  • Richards, Vincent A. "The Role of Agriculture in the Economic Development of Antigua and Barbuda," Bulletin of Eastern Caribbean Affairs [Cave Hill, Barbados], 7, No. 5, November- December 1981, pp. 19–23.
  • Russell, Richard, and William G. Mclntire. Barbuda Reconnaissance. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1966.</ref>
  • Sanders, Ron (ed.). Antigua and Barbuda Independence. St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda: Department of Information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Economic Development, Tourism, and Energy, 1982.
  • Simon, Justin. "The Antiguan and Barbudan Independent Constitution, 1981 : A Westminster Model with a Difference," Bulletin of Eastern Caribbean Affairs [Cave Hill, Barbados], 7, No. 5, November–December 1981, pp. 1–6.
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