Nigeria–Turkey relations

Nigeria-Turkey relations

Nigeria	Turkey

Diplomatic relations at the legation level were established in 1960 and then to the rank of ambassador in 1958. Turkey opened an embassy in Lagos, then capital of Nigeria in 1962. Turkish embassy moved to Abuja in 2001 after Nigeria’s proclamation of Abuja as the new capital.^[1]

Nigeria and Turkey cooperate through their membership to OIC and D-8.^[2]

Diplomatic Relations[]

Turkey and Nigeria were pro-Western on most issues but Nigeria mainly sided with the Arab World^[3] against Israel,^[4] which was Turkey’s closest ally in the Middle East at the time.

Until Nigerian Civil War, Nigeria and Turkey had very strong relations. This strong relationship became much weaker after the coup and Nigerian Civil War^[5] when Turkey took a position of neutrality^[6] in Nigerian Civil War and refused ^[7]to sell arms to the federation. The relationship improved in the early 1990s through close cooperation in foreign policy.^[8]

The two countries cooperated during the Gulf crisis that began with Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in the summer of 1990.^[9] Both countries kept a low profile by being an active supporter of UN policy and declining to send troops to engage in the Persian Gulf.^[10]

Presidential Visits[]

Guest	Host	Place of visit	Date of visit
President Abdullah Gül	President Goodluck Jonathan	D-8 Summit, Abuja	July 2010[11]
President Goodluck Jonathan	President Abdullah Gül	Çankaya Köşkü, Ankara	February 2011[12]
President Goodluck Jonathan	President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan	Çankaya Köşkü, Ankara	January 8, 2015[13]
President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan	President Muhammadu Buhari	Aso Villa, Abuja	March 1-3, 2016[14]
President Muhammadu Buhari	President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan	Presidential Complex, Ankara	October 19, 2017[15]

Economic Relations[]

• Trade volume between the two countries was 726 million USD in 2019.^[16]
• There are direct flights from Istanbul to Abuja, Kano, Lagos and Port-Harcourt.^[17]

See also[]

• Foreign relations of Nigeria
• Foreign relations of Turkey

References[]

Further reading[]

• "Nigeria's External Economic Relations, 1960-1985," Pt. 2. Afrika Spectrum [Hamburg], 2, 1986, pp. 143-61.
• "Principles and Practices of Nigeria's Military Government." pp. 67-91 in John Harbeson (ed.), The Military in African Politics. New York: Praeger, 1987.
• Adamolekun, Ladipo. (ed.). Nigerian Public Administration, 1960-1980. Ibadan: Spectrum Books, 1985.
• Adamolekun, Ladipo. Politics and Administration in Nigeria. Ibadan: Spectrum Books, 1986.
• Adamu, Haroun, and Alaba Ogunsanwo. Nigeria: The Making of the Presidential System 1979 General Elections. Kano, Nigeria: Triumph, 1983.
• Adejuyigbe, Omolade, Leo Dare, and Adevanti Adepoju (eds.). Creation of States in Nigeria: A Review of Rationale, Demands, and Problems. (Papers presented at National Conference on Creation of States in Nigeria, February pp. 24-28, 1982, University of Ife.) Lagos: 1982.
• Adekson, J. Bayo. Nigeria in Search of a Stable Civil-Military System. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1981.
• Afonja, Simi, and Tola Olu Pearce (eds.). Social Change in Nigeria. London: Longman, 1986.
• Aguda, T. Akinola. The Judiciary in the Government of Nigeria. Ibadan: New Horn Press, 1983.
• Ajayi, J.F. Ade, and Bashir Ikara (eds.). Evolution of Political Culture in Nigeria. Ibadan: Ibadan University Press for Kaduna State Council for Arts and Culture, 1985.
• Ake, Claude (ed.). The Political Economy of Nigeria. London: Longman, 1985.
• Akindele, R.A. "Nigeria's External Relations, 1960- 1985," Pt. 1. Afrika Spectrum [Hamburg], 1, 1986, pp. 5-34.
• Akindele, R.A., and Bassey E. Ate. "Nigeria's Foreign Policy, 1986-2000 A.D.: Background and Reflections on the Views from Kuru," Afrika Spectrum [Hamburg], 3, 21, 2016, pp. 363-70.
• Akpan, NtieyangUdo. The Struggle for Secession, 1966-70. London: Cass, 1972.
• Aluko, Olajide (ed.). Essays on Nigerian Foreign Policy. London: Allen and Unwin, 1981.
• Anifowose, Rem. Violence and Politics in Nigeria: The Tiv and Yoruba Experience. New York: Nok, 1982.
• An Introduction to Nigerian Government and Politics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982.
• Asobie, H.A. "Bureaucratic Politics and Foreign Policy: The Nigerian Experience, 1960-1975," Civilisations [Brussels], 30, Nos. 3-4, 1980, pp. 253-70.
• Awa, Erne O. Federal Government in Nigeria. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964.
• Awolowo, Obafemi. Awo: Autobiography of Chief Obafemi Awolowo. Ibadan: 1960.
• Ayeni, Victor, and Kayode Soremekun (eds.). Nigeria's Second Republic. Lagos: Daily Times, 1988.
• Ayoade, John A.A. "Ethnic Management in the 1979 Nigerian Constitution," Publius, 16, No. 2, Spring 1986, pp. 73-90.
• Azikiwe, Nnamdi. My Odyssey: An Autobiography. London: Hurst, 1970.
• Bello, Ahmadu. My Life: An Autobiography. London: 1962. Bienen, Henry. Political Conflict and Economic Change in Nigeria. London: Cass, 1985.
• Bienen, Henry, and V.P. Diejomaoh (eds.). The Political Economy of Income Distribution in Nigeria. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1981
• Biersteker, Thomas J. Multinationals, the State, and Control of the Nigerian Economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987.
• Coleman, James Smoot. Nigeria: Background to Nationalism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1958.Collins, Paul. Administration for Development in Nigeria: Introduction and Readings. Lagos: African Education Press, 1980.
• de St. Jorre, John. The Nigerian Civil War. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1972.Diamond, Larry. Class, Ethnicity, and Democracy in Nigeria: The Failure Crisis and Conflict in Nigeria: A Documentary Sourcebook. (2 vols.) London: Oxford University Press, 1971.
• Elaigwu, J. Isawa. Gowon: The Biography of a Soldier-Statesman. Ibadan: West Books, 1986.Falola, Toyin (ed.). Britain and Nigeria: Exploitation or Development? London: Zed Books, 1987.
• Falola, Toyin, and Julius Omozuanvbo Ihonvbere. The Rise and Fall of Nigeria's Second Republic, 1979-83. London: Zed Books, 1985.
• Gambari, Ibrahim Agboola. Party Politics and Foreign Policy: Nigeria During the First Republic. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University Press, 1980.
• Garba, Joseph Nanven. Diplomatic Soldiering: Nigerian Foreign Policy, 1975-1979. Ibadan: Spectrum Books, 1987.
• Gboyega, Alex. Political Values and Local Government in Nigeria. Lagos: Malthouse Press, 1987.
• Graf, William. "Issues and Substance in the Prescription of Liberal- Democratic Forms for Nigeria's Third Republic," African Affairs [London], 88, No. 350, January 1989, pp. 91-100. The Nigerian State. London: Currey, 1989.
• Harbeson, John (ed.). The Military in African Politics. New York: Praeger, 1987.
• Ibrahim, Jibrin. "The Political Debate and the Struggle for Democracy in Nigeria," Review ofAfrican Political Economy [Sevenoaks, Kent, United Kingdom], No. 37, December 1986, pp. 38-48.
• Ihonvbere, Julius Omozuanvbo. "Economic Contraction and Foreign Policy in the Periphery: A Study of Nigeria's Foreign Policy Towards Africa in the Second Republic," Afrika Spectrum [Hamburg], 3, 22, 1987, pp. 267-84.
• Ikporukpo, C.O. "Politics and Regional Policies: The Issue of State Creation in Nigeria," Political Geography Quarterly [London], 5, No. 2, 1986, 127-39.
• Instability and Political Order: Politics and Crisis in Dudley, Billy Nigeria. Ibadan: Ibadan University Press, 1973.
• Joseph, Richard A. Democracy and Prebendal Politics in Nigeria: The Rise and Fall of the Second Republic. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
• Kastfelt, Niels. "Rumours of Maitatsine: A Note on Political Culture in Northern Nigeria," African Affairs [London], 88, No. 350, January 1989, pp. 83-90.Kirk-Greene, Anthony Hamilton Millard (ed.). "A Sense of Belonging: The Nigerian Constitution of 1979 and the Promotion of National Loyalty," Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics [London], 26, No. 2, July 1988, pp. 158-72.
• Kirk-Greene, Anthony Hamilton Millard, and D. Rimmer. Nigeria since 1970: A Political and Economic Outline. New York: Africana, 1981.Luckham, Robin. The Nigerian Military: A Sociological Analysis of Authority and Revolt: 1960-67. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971.
• Mackintosh, John P. (ed.). Nigerian Government and Politics. London: Allen and Unwin, 1966.
• Madunagu, Edwin. Problems of Socialism: The Nigerian Challenge. Lon- don: Zed Books, 1982.
• Miles, William F.S. Elections in Nigeria: A Grassroots Perspective. Boul- der, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1988.
• Nigeria's Presidential Constitution: The Second Experiment in Constitutional Democracy. London: Longman, 1984.
• Nigerian Government and Politics under Military Rule, 1966-79. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1979.
• Nwabueze, Benjamin Obi. A Constitutional History of Nigeria. Essex, New York: Longman, 1982.
• Nwokedi, Emeka. "Sub-Regional Security and Nigerian Foreign Policy," African Affairs [London], 84, No. 335, April 1985, pp. 195-209.
• Okonjo, I.M. British Administration in Nigeria, 1900-1950: A Nigerian View. New York: Nok, 1974.
• Olowu, Dele. "Bureaucratic Corruption and Public Accountability in Nigeria: An Assessment of Recent Developments," International Review of Administrative Sciences [Brussels], 51, No. 1, 1985, pp. 7-12.
• Oluleye, James J. Military Leadership in Nigeria, 1966-1979. Ibadan: Ibadan University Press, 1985.
• Othman, Shehu. "Classes, Crises, and Coup: The Demise of Shagari's Regime," African Affairs [London], 83, No. 333, October 1984, pp. 441-61.
• Oyediran, Oye (ed.). Essays on Local Government and Administration in Nigeria. Lagos: 1988.
• Oyovbaire, Sam Egite (ed.). Federalism in Nigeria: A Study in the De- velopment of the Nigerian State. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1984.
• Paden, John N. Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna ofSokoto: Values and Leadership in Nigeria. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1986. Religion and Political Culture in Kano. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.
• Panter-Brick, S.K. (ed.). Nigerian Politics and Military Rule: Prelude to the Civil War. London: Athlone Press, 1970.Soldiers and Oil: The Political Transformation ofNigeria. London: Cass, 1978.
• Post, Ken. The Nigerian Federal Election of 1959. Ibadan: 1963.
• Parties and Politics in Northern Nigeria. London: Cass, 1968.
• Sanda, A.O., Olusola Ojo, and Victor Aveni (eds.). The Impact of Military Rule on Nigeria's Administration. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Faculty of Administration, University of Ife, ca. 1987.
• Schwarz, F. Nigeria: The Tribes, the Nation, or the Race. The Politics of Independence. Westport, Connecticut: Westview Press, 1965.
• Shaw, Timothy M., and Julius Omozuanvbo Ihonvbere. Towards a Political Economy of Nigeria: Petroleum and Politics at the (Semi)-Periphery. Brookfield, Vermont: Avebury, 1988.
• Sklar, Richard L. Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963.
• Stremlau, John J. The International Politics of the Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977.
• Suberu, Rotimi Timothy. "Federalism and Nigeria's Political Future: A Comment," African Affairs [London], 87, No. 348, July 1988, pp. 431-39.
• Teal, Francis. "Domestic Policies, External Constraints, and Economic Development in Nigeria since 1950," African Affairs [London], 87, No. 346, January 1988, pp. 69-81.
• Tukur, Mahmud, and Tunji Olagunju (eds.). Nigeria in Search of a Viable Polity. (Papers presented at Conference on Institutional and Administrative Perspectives for National Development.) Zaria, Nigeria: Baraka Press, 1972.
• Ukwu, I. Ukwu (ed.). Federal Character and National Integration in Nigeria. Kuru, Nigeria: National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies, 1987.
• Vivekananda, F., and B.E. Aigbokhian. "Militarization and Economic Development in Nigeria," ScandinavianJournal ofDevelopment Alternatives [Stockholm], 6, Nos. 2-3, 1987, pp. 106-21.
• Whitaker, C. Sylvester. The Politics of Tradition: Continuity and Change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-66. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970.
• Williams, Gavin (ed.). Nigeria: Economy and Society. London: Collings, 1976.
• Zartman, I. William (ed.). The Political Economy of Nigeria. New York: Praeger, 1983.