Gambia–Turkey relations
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Gambia–Turkey relations are the foreign relations between Gambia and Turkey.
Diplomatic relations[]
Gambia and Turkey had generally friendly relations.[1] Despite widespread skepticism about its survival, Gambia retained its sovereignty despite persistent Senegalese pressure for union and numerous ethnic groups that plagued the security of other countries.[2] Dawda Jawara’s deliberate policy of converting the PPP from a Mandinka-dominated organization into a nationwide party enabled inter-ethnic cooperation and boosted Gambia's well-earned reputation for a beacon of democracy.[2] Turkey has been very supportive of Gambia under [awda Jawara and facilitated its economic situation with developmental and financial aid along with an Economic Recovery Program designed by the World Bank and IMF in 1985.[3]
Relations detonated on July 22, 1994 when a group of disaffected junior army officers seized power in a bloodless coup that allowed[1] safe passage to President Dawda Jawara out of the country.[4] Despite President Dawda Jawara’s Gambia’s well-earned reputation as one of the few democratic regimes in Africa, Western allies were late[4] in coming to the rescue of Jawara’s government. Turkey, along with Western allies, promptly cut off[5] aid to the military junta led by Yahya Jammeh and imposed further sanctions.
Relations improved in 1996-1997 with a formal return to elections[5] and Turkey lifted economic[5] sanctions that had thrown Gambia’s economy into chaos.
Economic relations[]
- Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.[6]
- There are direct flights from Istanbul to Banjul since November 26, 2018.[6]
Educational relations[]
- Turkish Maarif Foundation operates in Banjul since October 2017.[6]
See also[]
- Foreign relations of Gambia
- Foreign relations of Turkey
References[]
- ^ a b Ajayi, Simon Ademola. Yahya Jammeh and the Gambian Revolution: 1994–2001. Ibadan, Nigeria: Stirling-Horden, 2003.
- ^ a b Obadare, Ebenezer. “The Military and Democracy in The Gambia.” In Governance and Democratisation in West Africa, eds. Dele Olowu, Adebayo Williams, and Kayode Soremekun, pp. 343–57. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1999.
- ^ Perfect, David. “Politics and Society in The Gambia since Independence.” History Compass 6, 2 (2008): pp. 426–38.
- ^ a b “Post-Coup Politics in The Gambia.” Journal of Democracy 13, 4 (2002): pp. 167–72.
- ^ a b c N’Diaye, Boubacar, Abdoulaye Saine, and Mathurin Houngnikpo. Not Yet Democracy: West Africa’s Slow Farewell to Authoritarianism. Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press, 2005: pp. 51–106.
- ^ a b c "Relations between Turkey and The Gambia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
Further reading[]
- “A Fresh Start.” West Africa, 27 January–2 February 1997: p. 147.
- “Post-Coup Politics in The Gambia.” Journal of Democracy 13, 4 (2002): pp. 167–72.
- “The Gambia: From Coup to Elections.” Journal of Democracy 9, 2 (1998): pp. 64–75.
- “The Gambia’s Changing Political, Economic, and Social Landscape: A Regime(s) Performance Evaluation, 1994–2002.” Africa Insight 33, 3 (2003): pp. 57–64.
- “The Gambia’s ‘Elected Autocrat Poverty, Peripherality, and Political Instability,’ 1994–2006.” Armed Forces & Society 34, 3 (2008): pp. 450–73.
- “The Military and ‘Democratization’ in The Gambia: 1994–2002.” In Political Liberalization and Democratization in Africa: Lessons from Country Experiences, eds. Julius O. Ihonvbere and John M. Mbaku, pp. 179–96.
- Ajayi, Simon Ademola. Yahya Jammeh and the Gambian Revolution: 1994–2001. Ibadan, Nigeria: Stirling-Horden, 2003.
- Baldeh, Ebrima. “Gambia’s First University Proves Its Worth.” New African, April 2007: p. 40.
- Bojang, Sheriff. “Who’s for President?” New African, March 2006: p. 22. Ceesay, Ebrima J. The Military and ‘Democratisation’ in The Gambia: 1994–2003. Victoria, BC, Canada: Trafford, 2006.
- Commonwealth Observer Group. The Gambia Presidential Election: 18th October 2001. London: Commonwealth Secretariat, 2002.
- Dabo, Bakary B. “Living in Crisis.” West Africa, 13–19 February 1995: pp. 217–18.
- Kandeh, Jimmy D. “What Does the ‘Militariat’ Do When It Rules? Military Regimes: The Gambia, Sierra Leone and Liberia.” Review of African Political Economy 69 (1996): pp. 387–404.
- N’Diaye, Boubacar, Abdoulaye Saine, and Mathurin Houngnikpo. Not Yet Democracy: West Africa’s Slow Farewell to Authoritarianism. Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press, 2005: pp. 51–106.
- Obadare, Ebenezer. “The Military and Democracy in The Gambia.” In Governance and Democratisation in West Africa, eds. Dele Olowu, Adebayo Williams, and Kayode Soremekun, pp. 343–57. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, 1999.
- Perfect, David. “Politics and Society in The Gambia since Independence.” History Compass 6, 2 (2008): pp. 426–38.
- Saine, Abdoulaye S. M. “The 1996/1997 Presidential and National Assembly Elections in The Gambia.” Electoral Studies 16, 4 (1997): 554–59.
- Wiseman, John A. “Military Rule in The Gambia: An Interim Assessment.” Third World Quarterly 17, 5 (1996): pp. 917–40.
- Bilateral relations of the Gambia
- Bilateral relations of Turkey