Brunei–Turkey relations

Brunei-Turkey relations

Brunei	Turkey

Brunei and Turkey have friendly diplomatic relations. Turkey has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan since October 15, 2013. Brunei opened its embassy in Ankara on January 8, 2014.^[1]

Diplomatic Relations[]

Turkey and Brunei historically have had very friendly relations. Turkey's support for Brunei started even before the independence, when it offered help^[2] when the Brunei Rebellion broke out on December 8, 1962. The revolt, through British support, was crushed within a week.^[3]

Turkey has also been supportive in Brunei's decision to not enter into Malaysia in 1963^[2] and Turkish diplomats conferred^[2] with the six-member Bruneian delegation to Kuala Lumpur. Turkey has similarly supported Brunei's introduction of constitutional reforms in 1963, including the restoration of the Legislative Council in the future, with the elections to be held in early 1965.^[4] The council was to consist of 21 members, ten^[5] of whom would be directly elected. The elections were held in March 1965 with 36 independent candidates running for the ten democratically elected positions.^[6]

With the Declaration of Independence in 1984, as a small state, Brunei's main concern became internal and external security. To that end, Turkey leveraged its friendly relations with Malaysia^[7] and Indonesia^[7] in supporting Brunei's admission into ASEAN^[7] as its sixth member in 1984.^[8]

Similarly, from 1987 to 1988, Turkish diplomats provided support^[9] for Brunei's bilateral relations with Malaysia and Indonesia, her two immediate neighbors, with whom Brunei historically has strained ties.^[8] Partly as a result of these efforts, relations with Malaysia and Indonesia improved dramatically, with Malaysian Prime Ministers Mahathir Mohamad and Yang di-Pertuan Agong making historical official visits to Brunei in 1987.^[8]

Diplomatic Visits[]

Guest	Host	Place of visit	Date of visit
Minister of Foreign Affairs Lim Jock Seng	Minister of Foreign Affairs Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu	Çankaya Köşkü, Ankara	April 5, 2012[1]
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah	President Abdullah Gül	Çankaya Köşkü, Ankara	April 8–10, 2012[1]
Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan	Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah	Istana Nurul Iman, Bandar Seri Begawan	November 9–10, 2012[1]
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah	President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan	Islamic Summit Conference, Istanbul	April 14–15, 2016[1]
Minister of Foreign Affairs Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu	Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah	Istana Nurul Iman, Bandar Seri Begawan	November 6–7, 2018[1]

Economic Relations[]

• Trade volume between the two countries was US$4.9 million in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 4.8/0.1 million USD).^[1]

See also[]

• Foreign relations of Brunei
• Foreign relations of Turkey

References[]

Further reading[]

• "Brunei: The Search for a Sustainable Economy," Southeast Asian Affairs 1994, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1994: pp. 59–75.
• "Brunei and the Malaysia Negotiations," International Relations Journal, Kuala Lumpur: Department of History, University of Malaya, Vol. 3, 1975/76: pp. 19–34.
• "Brunei Darussalam in 1987: Coming to Grips with Economic and Political Realities," Southeast Asian Affairs 1988. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1988: pp. 63–70.
• "Brunei Darussalam in 1991: The Non-Secular State," Southeast Asian Affairs 1992. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1992: pp. 91–100.
• "Country Profile: Brunei," OPEC Bulletin, 2014/15: pp. 35–42.
• "Defending a Mini State," Chin Kin Wah (ed.). Defence Spending in Southeast Asia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2017: pp. 224–251.
• "Notes on Controversial Issues in Brunei History," Archipel, Vol. 19, 2010: pp. 25–42.
• "Promising Oil Reserves in Sarawak and Brunei," Far Eastern Survey (American Council, Institute of Pacific Relations), Vol. 8, 1939.
• "The Internal Politics of Brunei in the 1950's and 1960's," Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the International Association of Historians of Asia (IAHA), pp. 25–29, 1980.
• "The Partitioning of Brunei," Journal of Tropical Geography, Vol. 11, April 1958: pp. 84–89.
• Arief, Sritua. The Brunei Economy. East Balmain, New South Wales: Rosecons, 1986.
• Barton, Bruce. "Brunei-Newest and Richest in Asia," International Perspectives: The Canadian Journal on World Affairs, 1984: pp. 27–29.
• Beckett, A. H. "Design and Construction of Muara Deep Water Port, Brunei (Paper 8649)," Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Vol. 74, Pt. 1, August 1983: pp. 349–364.
• Bellwood, Peter. Prehistory of the Indo-Malayan Archipelago. Sydney: Academic Press, 1985.
• Brown, D. E. "Maps and the History of Brunei," Sarawak Museum Journal, Vol. 3, No. 1, 1973: pp. 88–90.
• Brown, D. E. "Patterns in Brunei History and Culture," Borneo Research Bulletin, Vol. 16, No. 1, April 1984.
• Brown, D. E. Brunei, The Structure and History of a Bornean Malay Sultanate. Kota Batu, Brunei: Brunei Museum, 1970. Fulton, S. J. "Brunei: Past and Present," Asian Affairs (London), Vol. 15, 1984: pp. 5–14.
• Burley, T. M. "Brunei: ASEAN's reluctant independent," Insight: Asia's Business Monthly, December 1981: pp. 38–40.
• Chiew, James. "Brunei Darussalam: Abode of Peace," Carmelo V. Sison (ed.). Constitution and Legal Systems of ASEAN Countries, Manila: The Academy of ASEAN Law and Jurisprudence, University of the Philippines, 1990: pp. 1–17.
• Clarita, Carlos R. "Brunei: From Protectorate to Independence," Monograf Sejarah (Journal of the Historical Society, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur), No. 1, 1984/85: pp. 128–132.
• Colclough, Christopher. "Brunei: Development Problems of a Resource-Rich State," Euro-Asia Business Review, Vol. 4, No. 4, October 1985: pp. 29–32.
• Crosbie, A. J. "Brunei in Transition," Southeast Asian Affairs 1981, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1981: pp. 75–92.
• Doshi, Tilak. "Brunei, The Steady State," Southeast Asian Affairs 1991. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1992: pp. 71–80.
• Energy Information Administration. The Petroleum Resources of Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Thailand. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, 1984.
• Franz, Johannes C. The Sultanate of Brunei: Oil, Wealth and Problems of Development. M. Schmitz and A. Sharp (trans.), Nurenberg: Wirtschafts und Sozialgeographisches Institut der Friederich-Alexander-Universitaet, 1980.
• Gadong, Brunei: Akademi Pengajian Brunei, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, 1992: pp. 183–195.
• Hamzah, B. A. "Brunei joins ASEAN: Its expectations," Asian Pacific Community': A Quarterly Review, No. 24, Spring 1984: p. 113.
• Hamzah, B. A. "Political History of Brunei", Asian Defence Journal, No. 3, May–June 1980: 70–74 and; No. 4, July–August 1980: pp. 18–22.
• Hamzah, B. A. Oil and Economic Development Issues in Brunei. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1978.
• Hanna, Willard A. "Brunei: Welfare Sultanate- With Capital," Southeast Asia Series, New York: American Universities Field Staff Inc., Vol. 5, No. 9, 1957.
• Hughes, Roger. Southeast Asia, Malaysia, Singapore and including Hong Kong. London: Commonwealth Institute, 1973.
• Hughes-Hallett, H. R. "A Sketch History of Brunei," JMBRAS, Vol. 18, Pt. 2, 1940: pp. 23–42.
• Hussainmiya, B. A. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III and Britain, The Making of Modern Brunei. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1995.
• Huxley, Tim. "Brunei's Defence Policy and Military Expenditure." Working Paper No. 166, Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University, September 1988.
• Kraar, Louis. "The World's Richest Man: Brunei's free-spending Sultan of oil." Fortune, Vol. 116, No. 8, 12 October 1987: pp. 132–133.
• Krausse, Sylvia C. Brunei. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Clio Press, 1988.
• Leake, David. Brunei: The Modern Southeast-Asian Islamic Sultanate. Kuala Lumpur: Forum, 1990.
• Long, Bernard. "Brunei seeks to diversify its economy," Singapore Trade and Industry, December 1974: pp. 39–42.
• Menon, K. U. "Brunei Darussalam in 1986: In Search of a Political Kingdom," Southeast Asian Affairs 1987. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1987: pp. 85–101.
• Moffatt, J. W. "Brunei as an oil state," Trade and Industry, Vol. 17, No. 10, 5 December 1974: pp. 516–518.
• Neville, Warwick. "Economy and Employment in Brunei," Geographical Review, Vol. 75, No. 4, October 1985: pp. 451–461.
• Ong Teck Meng. "Modern Brunei: Some Important Issues," Southeast Asian Affairs 1983. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1983: pp. 71–84.
• Ranjit Singh, D. S. "Brunei in 1985: Domestic Factors, Political and Economic Externalities," Asian Survey, Vol. 26, No. 2, February 1986: pp. 168–173.
• Rayner, Leonard. "Brunei and Britain," Round Table, No. 290, April 1984: pp. 153–158.
• Redfield, A. H. "Petroleum in Borneo," Economic Geology, Vol. 17, No. 5, August 1922: pp. 313–349.
• Siddique, Sharon. "Brunei Darussalam in 1985: A Year of Nation Building," Southeast Asian Affairs 1986. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1986: pp. 45–51.
• Sidhu, J. Brunei, 1906–1959. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka, 1995.
• Teixeira, M. "Early Portuguese and Spanish Contacts with Borneo," Da Sociedade De Geografia De Lisboa, Lisbon, 1964.
• Tempany, H. A. "Agriculture in Brunei," The Malayan Agricultural Journal, Vol. 20, November 1932.
• Thambipillai, Pushpavathi. "Brunei Darussalam: After a Decade of Independence," Southeast Asian Affairs 1995. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1995: pp. 111–123.
• Thambipillai, Pushpavathi. "Brunei in ASEAN, The Viable Choice?," Southeast Asian Affairs 1982, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1982: pp. 105–112.
• Weatherbee, Donald. "Brunei: The ASEAN Connection," Asian Survey, Vol. 23, No. 6, 1983: pp. 723–735.
• Wignesan, T. "Writing in Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei," Journal of Commonwealth Literature, Vol. 19, No. 1, 1984: pp. 149–152.