Sri Lanka–Turkey relations
Sri Lanka |
Turkey |
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Sri Lanka–Turkey relations are the foreign relations between Sri Lanka and Turkey. Turkey has an embassy in Colombo since 2013. Sri Lanka has an embassy in Ankara since 2012.[1]
Diplomatic Relations[]
Turkey has historically been supportive[2] of Sri Lanka’s commitment to nonalignment.[3] Relations have generally been very friendly[4] — especially with the United National Party governments, such as the J. R. Jayewardene[4] government that gave Sri Lanka's foreign policy a decidedly Western[2] orientation. Prior to that, relations were tense[5] with the Sri Lanka Freedom Party[6] government under Sirimavo Bandaranaike, who deeply mistrusted[6] the West and cultivated relations with China instead.
Then Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan visited Sri Lanka after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.[1]
Presidential Visits[]
Guest | Host | Place of visit | Date of visit |
---|---|---|---|
Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa | Temple Trees, Colombo | February 10, 2005[1] |
Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa | President Abdullah Gül | Çankaya Köşkü, Ankara | 2008[1] |
Economic Relations[]
- Trade volume between the two countries was US$185.7 million in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 84.3/101.4 million USD).[7]
See also[]
References[]
- ^ a b c d "Relations between Turkey and Sri Lanka". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
- ^ a b "Colombo's New Challenge," Asiaweek [Hong Kong], 12, No. 40, October 5, 1986, p. 23.
- ^ "Sri Lanka in 1986: A Nation at the Crossroads," Asian Survey, 27, No. 2, February 1987, pp. 155-62.
- ^ a b "President Jayewardene: Half- Term Report," Round Table [[London], No. 282, April 1981, pp. 149-62.
- ^ "Conciliation in Colombo," Times [London], May 25, 1985, p. 7.
- ^ a b Chandra Richard. Sri Lanka: A History. New Delhi: Vikas, "Sri Lanka: The Ethnic Crisis," Asian Thought and Society: An International Review, 10, No. 29, July 1985, pp. 137-41.
- ^ "Turkey-Sri Lanka Economic and Trade Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
Further reading[]
- "At Last, a Farewell to Arms," Asiaweek [Hong Kong], 13, No. August 9, 1987, pp. 10–11, 13.
- "A Very Mixed Up Picture," Frontline [Madras], 3, No. 10. May 1986, pp. 4–10.
- "Bearing the Blockade," India Today [New Delhi], No. 12, February 15, 1987, pp. 80–83.
- "Blasting Peace," Asiaweek [Hong Kong], 13, No. 47, November 20, 1987, p. 20.
- "Colombo's New Challenge," Asiaweek [Hong Kong], 12, No. 40, October 5, 1986, p. 23.
- "Conciliation in Colombo," Times [London], May 25, 1985, p. 7.
- "Continuing Impasse on the Autonomy Issue, Economic Review [Hong Kong], 135, No. 9, February 26, 1987, pp. 36-41.
- "Coping with Containment, Economic Review "Militants and Military Wage Undisciplined War," Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 135, No. 9, February 26, 1987, pp. 18–19.
- "District Development Councils in Sri Lanka, " Asian Survey, 22, No. 11, November 1982, pp. 1117–34.
- "India Cracks the Whip," Asiaweek [Hong Kong], 12, No. 47, November 23, 1986, p. 33.
- "India Talks Cover Crisis in Sri Lanka," New York Times, June 3, 1985, p. 1.
- "Peace Eludes Devolution, Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 138, No. 48, November 26, 1987, pp. 26-27.
- "President Jayewardene: Half- Term Report," Round Table [London], No. 282, April 1981, pp. 149–62.
- "Pressed to Print," Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 138, No. 50, December 10, 1987, p. 104.
- "Radical Conflict and the Rationalization of Violence in Sri Lanka," Pacific Affairs [Vancouver], 59, No. 1, Spring 1986, pp. 28–44.
- "Sri-Lanka menace par la guerre civile, Le Monde [Paris] April 21, 1984, p. 1.
- "Sri Lanka's War Grows," Washington 1987, Al, A30.
- "Sri Lanka, India Await Rebel Truce," Washington Post, August 1, 1987, pp. A15, A17.
- "Sri Lanka: A Nation Disintegrates," New Magazine, December 13, 1987, pp. 34–38, 80–81, 85.
- "Sri Lanka: La longue marche vers l'unite," Afrique-Asie [Paris], No. 316, February 27, 1984, pp. 38–39.
- "Sri Lanka: War or Peace?" Frontline [Madras], No. 14, July 12, 1986, pp. 4–16.
- "Sri Lanka in 1986: A Nation at the Crossroads," Asian Survey, 27, No. 2, February 1987, pp. 155–62.
- "Sri Lankan Lists Reforms to End Ethnic Violence," Washington Post, June 26, 1986, p. A27.
- "Sri Lankans Doubt Military Can End War," Christian Science Monitor, September 22, 1986, p. 9.
- "Sri Lanka Peace Process at Delicate Point," Christian Science Monitor, September 2, 1986, pp. 11–14.
- "Sri Lanka Refutes Statement of Indian Minister of External Affairs." Statement of Sri Lankan High Commissioner, New Delhi, March 1, 1986.
- "Text of Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement," [Madras], "Time of Troubles and Trial," Frontline [Madras], 3, No. 24 August 8, 1987, pp. 116–17.
- "The Point of No Return," Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 125, No. 38, September 20, 1984, pp. 23–27.
- "The Situation in And How It Came About," Round Table [London], No. 290, April 1984, pp. 188–204.
- "Tigers in a Corner, Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 138, No. 44, October 29, 1987, pp. 36-37.
- "Trouble from the South," Far Eastern Economic Review "Under the Surface Calm," Far Eastern Economic Review
- "Waging Peace in Sri Lanka," Frontline [Madras], 4, No. 16, August 8, 1987, pp. 4–19, 21–26, 115–19.
- Abraham, A.S. "Gathering Sri Lanka Dangerous Ambivalence," Times of India [Bombay], April 13, 1984,
- Ali, Salamat. "The Price of Power," Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 138, No. 48, November 26, 1987, p. 28.
- Ali Khan, Ahsan. "Is Sri Lanka Heading Towards Partition?" Muslim [Islamabad], June 22, 1986, p. 4.
- Balasingham, A.S. Liberation Tigers and Tamil Eelam Freedom Struggle. Madras: Makkal Acchakan, 1983.
- Baxter, Craig, Yogendra K. Malik, Charles H. Kennedy, and Robert C. Oberst. "Sri Lanka." pp. 295–352 in Government and Politics in South Asia. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1987.
- Bjorkman, James Warner. The Changing Division of Labor in South Asia: Women and Men in India's Society, Economy, and Politics. New Delhi: Manohar, 1987.
- Blackton, John Stuart. Local Government and Rural Development in Sri Lanka. (Special Series on Rural Local Government, No. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1974.
- Burger, Angela S. "Policing a Communal Society: The Case Sri Lanka," Asian Survey, 27, No. 7, July 1987, pp. 822–33.
- Canagaretna, Surjit M. "Nation Building in a Multiethnic Setting: The Sri Lankan Case," Asian Affairs, 14, Spring 1987, pp. 1–19.
- Chandra Richard. Sri Lanka: A History. New Delhi: Vikas, "Sri Lanka: The Ethnic Crisis," Asian Thought and Society: An International Review, 10, No. 29, July 1985, pp. 137–41.
- Claude, Patrice. " 'Old Man' Beset by Chaos," Manchester Guardian Weekly [Manchester], May 10, 1987, p. 11.
- Corea, Ernest. Background Note: Conflict. Washington: Embassy of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, 1983.
- de Silva, K.M. A History of Sri Lanka. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1981.
- de Silva, Manik. "The Domestic Equation," Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 135, No. 9, February 9, 1987, p. 16.
- Jack, Ian. "Sri Lanka's Last Bid to Woo Tamils from Terror," Sunday Times [London], December 16, 1984, p. 21.
- Jayewardene, Junius R. Address to Parliament by the President on 20 February 1986. Colombo: Government Press, 1986.
- Jenkins, Loren. "Gandhi Brokering Derailed by Tamils," Washington Post, August 30, 1985, pp. A25, A33.
- Jiggins, Janice. Caste and Family in the Politics of the Sinhalese, 1947–1976. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
- Jofferand, Marie. "The Political Party System in Sri Lanka," Political Science Quarterly, 98, No. 1, Spring 1983, pp. 17–33.
- Kearney, Robert N. "Sri Lanka in 1985: The Persistence of Conflict," Asian Survey, 27, No. 2, February 1986, pp. 219–23.
- Kulkarni, V.G. "The Island of Tears," Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 122, No. 46, November 17, 1983, pp. 30–36.
- Mahendran, Sharmini. "Sri A Country in Crisis," Harvard International Review, 9, November–December 1986, p. 48.
- Manor, James (ed.). Sri Lanka in Change and Crisis. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1984.
- Manor, James, and Gerald Segal. "Causes of Conflict: Sri Lanka and Indian Ocean Strategy," Asian Survey, 25, No. 12, December 1985, pp. 1165–85.
- Matthews, Brace. "Devolution of Power in Sri Lanka," Round Table [London], No. 301, January 1987, pp. 74–91.
- Ministry of Local Government, Housing, and Construction. Urban Development Authority. Sri Lanka's New Capital, Sri Jayawardanapura. Colombo; 1982.
- Misquita, Michelle. "Sri Lanka." pp. 311–15 in Asia and Pacific, 1984, Saffron Walden, Essex, United Kingdom: World of Information, 1984.
- Narayan, S. Venkat. "Breakthrough at Last," India Today [New Nyrop, Richard F. (ed.). India: A Country Study. Washington: GPO, 1985.
- Oberst, Robert. Legislators and Representation in Sri Lanka: The Decentralization of Development Planning. (Westview Special Studies on South and Southeast Asia.) Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1985.
- Obeyesekere, Gananath. "Political Violence and the Future of Democracy in Sri Lanka," Internationales Asienforum [Munich], 15, Nos. 1–2, January–February 1984, pp. 39–60.
- Peebles, Patrick. Democracy and Violence in Sri Lanka. Hanover, New Hampshire: Universities Field Staff International, 1983.
- Samarasinghe, S.W.R. de A. "Sri Lanka in 1982: A Year of Elections," Asian Survey, 23, No. 2, February 1983, pp. 158–64.
- Sebastian, Rita. "None Can Win Lanka Civil War," Indian Express [New Delhi], December 27, 1985, p. 8.
- Silver, Eric. "Colombo Peace Moves Collapse," Guardian [Man"Sri Lanka." pp. 1811-31 in George Thomas Kurian (ed.), Encyclopedia of the Third World. (3rd ed.) New York: Facts on File, 1987.
- Sri Lanka, Democratic Socialist Republic of. Ministry of Information. This Is the Truth Sri Lanka. Colombo, 1983.
- Tambiah, Stanley. Sri Lanka: Ethnic Fratricide and the Dismantling of Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.
- Tasker, Rodney. "Brink of Civil War, Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 127, No. 7, February 21, 1985, pp. 36-41.
- Tenorio, Vyvyan. "Rising Racism in Sri Lanka's Ethnic Strife Weakens Fabric of Nation," Christian Science Monitor, November 22, 1985, p. 18.
- Viswam, S. "India- Sri Lanka Agreement: Triumph of Statesmanship," Indian and Foreign Review [New Delhi], 24, September 30, 1987, pp. 4–30.
- Weintraub, Richard M. "India, Sri Lanka Await Result of Gamble," Washington Post, August 3, 1987, pp. Al, A18.
- Weisman, Steven R. "A Centuries-Old Struggle Keeps Sri Lanka on Edge," New York Times, February 17, 1985, E2.
- Wickremasinghe, W.G. "The Cry for Eelam," Daily News [Colombo], February 11, 1983, p. 4.
- Wiswa Warnapala, W.A. Recent Politics in Sri Lanka: Study of Electoral Practice and Behaviour in an Asian Democracy. New Delhi: Navrang, 1983.
- Bilateral relations of Sri Lanka
- Bilateral relations of Turkey