Foreign relations of Rwanda

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Rwanda has been the center of much international attention since the war and genocide of 1994. The country is an active member of the United Nations, having presided over the Security Council during part of 1995 and again in 2013–2014. The UN assistance mission in Rwanda, a UN Chapter 6 peace-keeping operation, involved personnel from more than a dozen countries. Most of the UN development and humanitarian agencies have had a large presence in Rwanda.

During the height of the crisis, a three-month period in 1994, however, the UN removed most of its peacekeepers, and virtually all other formal foreign support fled as well. The only other nation to directly involve itself at that point was France. While the Rwandan Civil War was a complex sequence of violent episodes which included killers and victims on all sides, most historians agree with RPF's assertions that the 1994 genocide was a deliberate, methodical Hutu campaign to completely exterminate the Tutsis, and that plans for the genocide were well known in advance by European, American, and UN officials.[1][2]

While formal foreign assistance evaporated at the height of the emergency, more than 200 non-governmental organizations were carrying out humanitarian operations. Several west European and African nations, Canada, People's Republic of China, Egypt, Libya, Russia, the Holy See, and the European Union maintain diplomatic missions in Kigali.

Rwanda is a member of the United Nations, African Union, Commonwealth of Nations since November 2009; and the East African Community, which may become the East African Federation. The country is also a member of the Port Management Association of Eastern and Southern Africa (PMAESA).

Bilateral relations[]

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Azerbaijan See Azerbaijan–Rwanda relations
 Bangladesh See Bangladesh-Rwanda relations

In 1994 Bangladesh provided roughly 900 peace-keeping troops, including soldiers and medical personnel, to Rwanda to aid in keeping the peace during the Rwandan genocide, one of more than 40 countries to do so.[3]

 Belgium 1 July 1962 See Belgium-Rwanda relations

Belgium was the colonial power, administering the League of Nations mandate in Ruanda Urundi from 1922 until their independence in 1962. See Ruanda-Urundi.

During the 1994 Genocide, 10 Belgian Peacekeepers were murdered while trying to protect then-Prime Minister Agathe Uwilingiyimana.[4]

 Burundi 1091

Burundi and Rwanda have always had diplomatic relations as the two were very closed linked kingdoms and their political relations can date back to the year 1091, when the Kingdom of Rwanda was founded, the two kingdoms always had close relationships and even political alliances between the two monarchies. In the modern era, the two states dispute sections of border on the Akanyaru and the Kagera/Nyabarongo rivers, which have changed course since the 1960s, when the boundary was delimited; cross-border conflicts among Tutsi, Hutu, other ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces persist in the Great Lakes region.

  • Burundi has an embassy in Kigali.
  • Rwanda has an embassy in Bujumbura.
 Canada 1963
  • Canada has a diplomatic office in Kigali.
  • Rwanda has a high commission in Ottawa.
 China 12 November 1971 See China–Rwanda relations

China and Rwanda established diplomatic relations on 12 November 1971.[7]

  • China has an embassy in Kigali.
  • Rwanda has an embassy in Beijing.
 Democratic Republic of the Congo

In 1998, Rwanda, along with Uganda, invaded the Democratic Republic of the Congo to back Congolese rebels trying to overthrow then-President Laurent Kabila. Rwandan troops remain in the Congo, backing rebels that aim to overthrow Laurent Kabila's son, Joseph Kabila, who is now the President of the Congo. Rwandan troops have pulled back, however, behind disengagement lines set forth in the Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement.

Rwandan President Paul Kagame met with the Democratic Republic of the Congo's President Joseph Kabila in Goma on 6 August 2009.[8] It was the first presidential meeting between the two countries for 13 years,[9] with the two countries having come to a disagreement in 1996 following an invasion by Rwanda into eastern Congo, a disagreement which was renewed in 1998 after a further invasion.[8] The pair of presidents spent more than two hours in the company of each other and "reviewed all issues of common interest".[8] Kabila referred to it as "the first giant step forward" in what was referred to as an "all new era".[9] One month previous to the meeting both countries had appointed ambassadors to each other's capitals.[8][9]

 France

See France–Rwanda relations

As a result of French complicity before, during and after the genocide, with the genocidaires[citation needed], Rwanda cut off relations with France at the end of the war, and replaced French with English as an official language. Relations were resumed in November 2009. Nicolas Sarkozy visited Kigali in February 2010.[10]

in 2016, A French court ordered the re-opening of the case investigating Rwanda president Juvénal Habyarimana's plane crash's fatal plane crash.[11] The move angered administration in Ghana. The National Commission for the Fight Against Genocide (CNLG) issued the names of French military 22 officers[12] requested for depositions. The officers were station in France during the 1994 Turquoise safe zone operation.

 India See India–Rwanda relations
  • India is represented in Rwanda through its High Commission in Kigali.[13]
  • Rwanda has its embassy in New Delhi.[14]
 Japan
 Kenya 1965[18] See Kenya-Rwanda Relations
 Mexico 21 January 1976
  • Mexico is accredited to Rwanda from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya and maintains an honorary consulate in Kigali.[21]
  • Rwanda is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[22]
 Malawi See Malawi–Rwanda relations
 North Korea See North Korea–Rwanda relations
 Qatar 4 May 2017
  • Representatives of Qatar and Rwanda established diplomatic relations on 4 May 2017 after signing a joint communiqué at the UN.[23]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 2018

Both countries signed a mutual visa wave agreement in April 2018.[24]

 Saudi Arabia 29 March 2018
  • Representatives of Saudi Arabia and Rwanda establish diplomatic relations on 29 March 2018 at the UN. Several bilateral agreements were also signed.[25]
 Singapore 18 March 2005
  • Singapore is accredited to Rwanda through a non-resident high commissioner based in Singapore.
  • Rwanda has a high commission in Singapore.
 South Korea 21 March 1963
  • Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the Republic of Rwanda is 21 March 1963.[26]
 Spain See Rwanda–Spain relations
  • Rwanda is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Spain is accredited to Rwanda from its embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
 Tanzania See Rwanda-Tanzania relations
 Turkey 1962[27] See Rwanda–Turkey relations
  • Rwanda has an embassy in Ankara.[28]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Kigali.[28]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was 32.4 million USD in 2019 (Rwandan exports/imports: 0.2/32.2 million USD).[28]
 Uganda See
 United Arab Emirates 1995[29]
  • Rwanda has an embassy in the UAE
  • Trade volume stood at $434.8 million in 2018[30]
 United States See Rwanda–United States relations
Embassy of Rwanda in Washington, D.C.

U.S. Government interests have shifted significantly since the 1994 genocide from a strictly humanitarian concern focusing on stability and security to a strong partnership with the Government of Rwanda focusing on sustainable development. The largest U.S. Government programs are the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and the President's Malaria Initiative, which aim to reduce the impact of these debilitating diseases in Rwanda. Other activities promote rural economic growth and support good governance and decentralization. Overall U.S. foreign assistance to Rwanda has increased fourfold over the past four years.[when?]

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Department of State website https://www.state.gov/countries-areas/. (U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets)[31]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Doyle, Mark (May–June 2006). "Rewriting Rwanda". Foreign Policy (154). Retrieved 9 April 2007.
  2. ^ Gourevitch, Philip (1999). We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will be Killed With our Families. Picador. ISBN 0-312-24335-9.
  3. ^ Grünfeld, Frederik; Huijboom, Anke (2007). The Failure to Prevent Genocide in Rwanda: The Role of Bystanders. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 58, 208, 214.
  4. ^ "Belgian diplomats recalled from Rwanda over genocide event". AP NEWS. 2 June 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  5. ^ Embassy of Belgium in Kigali (in Dutch, English and French)
  6. ^ Embassy of Rwanda in Brussels (in French)
  7. ^ http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/focac/183428.htm
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Kagame and Kabila restore ties". IOL. 7 August 2009. Retrieved 10 August 2009.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b c "'New era' for DR Congo and Rwanda". BBC. 6 August 2009. Retrieved 10 August 2009.
  10. ^ "On Visit to Rwanda, Sarkozy Admits ‘Grave Errors’ in 1994 Genocide". 25 February 2010. The New York Times.
  11. ^ "France reopens Rwandan president's assassination probe". RFI. 8 October 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  12. ^ "Rwanda names 22 French army officers it accuses of aiding genocide".
  13. ^ Indian High Commission in Rwanda
  14. ^ Rwanda Embassy in India
  15. ^ "FEATURED: How Rwanda and Japan have deepened diplomatic relations". The New Times | Rwanda. 23 February 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  16. ^ "Japan Will Deepen Bilateral Relations with Rwanda Under Reiwa Era – Ambassador". KT PRESS. 3 May 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  17. ^ "Rwanda's First Satellite In Space Is Set For Release From ISS". Space in Africa. 14 October 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  18. ^ "Kenya-Rwanda Relations". Kenya High Commission | Kigali, Rwanda. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  19. ^ "Kenya-Rwanda Relations". Kenya High Commission | Kigali, Rwanda. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  20. ^ "Rwanda in Kenya". Rwanda in Kenya. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  21. ^ Embassy of Mexico in Kenya
  22. ^ Embassy of Rwanda in the United States
  23. ^ "Rwanda and Qatar Establish Diplomatic Relations". Permanent Mission of Rwanda to the United Nations. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  24. ^ "St. Kitts and Nevis, Rwanda governments sign mutual visa waiver agreement". 26 April 2018.
  25. ^ "Rwanda, Saudi Arabia Establish Diplomatic Relations". KT PRESS. 30 March 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  26. ^ http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/middleeast/countries/20070824/1_24449.jsp?menu=m_30_50
  27. ^ "Relations between Turkey and Rwanda". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
  28. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Relations between Turkey and Rwanda".
  29. ^ "Rwanda and UAE are natural partners". The New Times | Rwanda. 9 March 2018. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  30. ^ "UAE trade with Rwanda hits $434.8mln in 2018". www.zawya.com. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  31. ^ United States Department of State
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