Hawaii's 2nd congressional district
Hawaii's 2nd congressional district | |||
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Representative |
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Distribution |
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Population (2019) | 695,086[1] | ||
Median household income | $79,985[2] | ||
Ethnicity |
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Cook PVI | D+15[3] |
Hawaii's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Hawaii. It is currently represented by Kai Kahele, who succeeded Tulsi Gabbard following the 2020 election. The district encompasses all rural and most suburban areas of Oahu/Honolulu County, as well as the entire state outside of Oahu. Besides Honolulu, the district includes the counties of Kauai, Maui, Kalawao, and Hawaii ("the Big Island"). The district spans 331 miles. The most populous community entirely within the district is Hilo. Major segments of the economy include tourism, ranching, and agriculture.
History[]
When Hawaii and Alaska were admitted to the Union in 1959, both new states were granted one at-large Representative to Congress pending the next United States Census. In the reapportionment following the 1960 U.S. Census, Hawaii was entitled to a second U.S. Representative. Instead of creating two congressional districts, the state continued to elect its U.S. Representatives at-large. Two representatives were first elected in 1962 and Hawaii was first represented by two U.S. Representatives on January 2, 1963, upon the convening of the 88th Congress.
The 2nd Congressional District was created in 1971 when Hawaii began electing its representatives from districts instead of electing an at-large U.S. Representative statewide.
2020 election[]
In October 2019, representative Tulsi Gabbard announced that she would not seek re-election, instead choosing to focus on her campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination.
In January 2019, Hawaii state senator Kai Kahele announced he would run for the seat in 2020.[4] Other Democrats that announced are David Cornejo, Brian Evans (a self-described "Berniecrat" who ran for the seat as a Republican in 2018), Noelle Famera, and Ryan Meza. Republicans Joseph Akana and Jonathan Hoomanawanui also announced. Kahele won the Democratic nomination on August 8, 2020, and the subsequent general election on November 3, 2020.
Political profile[]
The 2nd Congressional District has a Cook Partisan Voting Index of D+19. The district has supported the Democratic candidate in every presidential election since 1988, and has never elected a Republican House representative.
Presidential Election Results since 2000 | |
---|---|
Year | Result[5] |
2000 | Al Gore (D) 56% – George W. Bush (R) 36% |
2004 | John Kerry (D) 56% – George W. Bush (R) 44% |
2008 | Barack Obama (D) 73% – John McCain (R) 25% |
2012 | Barack Obama (D) 71% – Mitt Romney (R) 27% |
2016 | Hillary Clinton (D) 61% – Donald Trump (R) 30% |
2020 | Joe Biden (D) 64% – Donald Trump (R) 34% |
Residency requirement[]
Under the U.S. Constitution, a candidate for this district only has to be a resident of Hawaii, but does not have to live in the district itself. The first non-resident to be elected to this U.S. House seat was Ed Case, a Honolulu attorney, though Case was born and raised on the Big Island of Hawaii. The home state office of the Second Congressional District is at the Prince Kuhio Federal Building near Honolulu Harbor.
List of members representing the district[]
Member | Party | Years | Cong ress |
Electoral history |
---|---|---|---|---|
Patsy Mink |
Democratic | January 3, 1971 — January 3, 1977 |
92nd 93rd 94th |
Redistricted from the at-large district and re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Retired to run for U.S. senator. |
Daniel Akaka |
Democratic | January 3, 1977 — May 15, 1990 |
95th 96th 97th 98th 99th 100th 101st |
Elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Resigned when appointed U.S. senator. |
Vacant | May 15, 1990 — September 22, 1990 |
101st | ||
Patsy Mink |
Democratic | September 22, 1990 — September 28, 2002 |
101st 102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th |
Elected to finish Akaka's term. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Died. Re-elected posthumously in 2002. |
Vacant | September 28, 2002 — November 30, 2002 |
107th | ||
Ed Case |
Democratic | November 30, 2002 — January 3, 2003 |
Elected to finish Mink's term in the 107th Congress. Had not been a candidate for the next term. | |
Vacant | January 3, 2003 — January 4, 2003 |
108th | ||
Ed Case |
Democratic | January 4, 2003 — January 3, 2007 |
108th 109th |
Elected to finish Mink's term in the 108th Congress. Re-elected in 2004. Retired to run for U.S. senator. |
Mazie Hirono |
Democratic | January 3, 2007 — January 3, 2013 |
110th 111th 112th |
Elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Retired to run for U.S. senator. |
Tulsi Gabbard |
Democratic | January 3, 2013 — January 3, 2021 |
113th 114th 115th 116th |
Elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Retired to run for U.S. president. |
Kai Kahele |
Democratic | January 3, 2021 — Present |
117th | Elected in 2020. |
Election results[]
1970[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Patsy Mink (Incumbent) | 91,038 | 100.00% | ||
Total votes | 91,038 | 100.0% | |||
Democratic win (new seat) |
1972[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Patsy Mink (Incumbent) | 79,856 | 57.08% | |
Republican | Diana Hansen-Young | 60,043 | 42.92% | |
Total votes | 139,899 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
1974[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Patsy Mink (Incumbent) | 86,916 | 62.58% | |
Republican | Carla W. Coray | 51,984 | 37.42% | |
Total votes | 138,900 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
1976[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Daniel Akaka | 124,116 | 79.51% | |
Republican | Hank Inouye | 23,917 | 15.32% | |
Independents for Godly Government | Bill Penaroza | 3,461 | 2.22% | |
People's Party | Dexter Cate | 2,408 | 1.54% | |
Libertarian | Don Smith | 2,197 | 1.41% | |
Total votes | 156,099 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
1978[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Daniel Akaka (Incumbent) | 118,272 | 85.73% | |
Republican | Charlie Isaak | 15,697 | 11.38% | |
Libertarian | Amelia L. Fritts | 3,988 | 2.89% | |
Total votes | 137,957 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
1980[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Daniel Akaka (Incumbent) | 141,477 | 89.90% | |
Libertarian | Don Smith | 15,903 | 10.10% | |
Total votes | 157,380 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
1982[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Daniel Akaka (Incumbent) | 132,072 | 89.23% | |
Nonpartisan | Gregory B. Mills | 9,080 | 6.14% | |
Libertarian | Amelia L. Fritts | 6,856 | 4.63% | |
Total votes | 148,008 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
1984[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Daniel Akaka (Incumbent) | 112,377 | 82.18% | |
Republican | A.D. (Al) Shipley | 20,000 | 14.63% | |
Libertarian | Amelia L. Fritts | 4,364 | 3.19% | |
Total votes | 136,741 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
1986[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Daniel Akaka (Incumbent) | 123,830 | 76.05% | |
Republican | Maria M. Hustace | 35,371 | 21.73% | |
Libertarian | Ken Schoolland | 3,618 | 2.22% | |
Total votes | 162,819 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
1988[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Daniel Akaka (Incumbent) | 144,802 | 88.94% | |
Libertarian | Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan | 18,006 | 11.06% | |
Total votes | 162,808 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
1990 (Special)[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Patsy Mink | 51,841 | 37.35% | |
Democratic | Mufi Hannemann | 50,164 | 36.14% | |
Democratic | Ron Menor | 23,629 | 17.02% | |
Republican | Andy Poepoe | 8,872 | 6.39% | |
Republican | Stanley Monsef | 2,264 | 1.63% | |
Democratic | Duane A. Black | 1,242 | 0.90% | |
Libertarian | Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan | 791 | 0.57% | |
Total votes | 138,803 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
1990[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Patsy Mink (Incumbent) | 118,155 | 66.27% | |
Republican | Andy Poepoe | 54,625 | 30.64% | |
Libertarian | Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan | 5,508 | 3.09% | |
Total votes | 178,288 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
1992[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Patsy Mink (Incumbent) | 131,454 | 72.65% | |
Republican | Kamuela Price | 40,070 | 22.14% | |
Libertarian | Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan | 9,431 | 5.21% | |
Total votes | 180,955 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
1994[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Patsy Mink (Incumbent) | 124,431 | 70.14% | |
Republican | Robert H. (Lopaka) Garner | 42,891 | 24.18% | |
Libertarian | Larry Bartley | 10,074 | 5.68% | |
Total votes | 177,396 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
1996[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Patsy Mink (Incumbent) | 109,178 | 60.33% | |
Republican | Tom Pico Jr. | 55,729 | 30.80% | |
Nonpartisan | Nolan Crabbe | 7,723 | 4.27% | |
Libertarian | James M. Keefe | 4,769 | 2.64% | |
Natural Law | Amanda (Mandy) Toulon | 3,564 | 1.97% | |
Total votes | 180,963 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
1998[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Patsy Mink (Incumbent) | 144,254 | 69.40% | |
Republican | Carol J. Douglass | 50,423 | 24.25% | |
Libertarian | Noreen Leilehua Chun | 13,194 | 6.35% | |
Total votes | 207,871 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
2000[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Patsy Mink (Incumbent) | 112,856 | 61.59% | |
Republican | Russ Francis | 65,906 | 35.97% | |
Libertarian | Lawrence G.K. Duquesne | 4,468 | 2.44% | |
Total votes | 183,230 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
2002[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Patsy Mink (Incumbent) † | 100,671 | 56.16% | |
Republican | Bob McDermott | 71,661 | 39.98% | |
Libertarian | Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan | 4,719 | 2.63% | |
Natural Law | Nick Bedworth | 2,200 | 1.23% | |
Total votes | 179,251 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
2002 (Special)[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ed Case | 23,576 | 51.44% | |
Democratic | John Mink | 16,624 | 36.27% | |
Republican | John Carroll | 1,933 | 4.22% | |
Republican | Whitney Anderson | 942 | 2.06% | |
No party | 34 others | 2,754 | 5.96% | |
Total votes | 46,216 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
2003 (Special)[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ed Case (Incumbent) | 33,002 | 43.24% | |
Democratic | Matt Matsunaga | 23,050 | 30.20% | |
Democratic | Colleen Hanabusa | 6,046 | 7.92% | |
Republican | Barbara Marumoto | 4,497 | 5.89% | |
Republican | Bob McDermott | 4,298 | 5.63% | |
No party | 39 others | 5,435 | 7.12% | |
Total votes | 76,328 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
2004[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ed Case (Incumbent) | 133,317 | 62.77% | |
Republican | Mike Gabbard | 79,072 | 37.23% | |
Total votes | 212,389 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
2006[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Mazie Hirono | 106,906 | 61.04% | |
Republican | Bob Hogue | 68,244 | 38.96% | |
Total votes | 175,150 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
2008[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Mazie Hirono (Incumbent) | 165,748 | 76.06% | |
Republican | Roger B. Evans | 44,425 | 20.39% | |
Independent | Shaun Stenshol | 4,042 | 1.86% | |
Libertarian | Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan | 3,699 | 1.70% | |
Total votes | 217,914 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
2010[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Mazie Hirono (Incumbent) | 132,290 | 72.19% | |
Republican | John W. Willoughby | 46,404 | 25.32% | |
Libertarian | Pat Brock | 3,254 | 1.78% | |
Nonpartisan | Andrew V. Von Sonn | 1,310 | 0.72% | |
Total votes | 183,258 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
2012[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Tulsi Gabbard | 168,466 | 80.54% | |
Republican | Kawika Crowley | 40,697 | 19.45% | |
Blank Votes | 5,631 | N/A | ||
Over Votes | 73 | N/A | ||
Total votes | 214,867 | 100% | ||
Democratic hold |
2014[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Tulsi Gabbard (Incumbent) | 142,010 | 78.7% | |
Republican | Kawika Crowley | 33,630 | 18.6% | |
Libertarian | Joe Kent | 4,693 | 2.6% | |
Total votes | 180,333 | 100% | ||
Democratic hold |
2016[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Tulsi Gabbard (Incumbent) | 170,848 | 76.23% | |
Republican | Angela Aulani Kaaihue | 39,668 | 17.70% | |
Blank votes | 13,483 | 6.02% | ||
Over votes | 134 | 0.05% | ||
Total votes | 224,133 | 100% | ||
Democratic hold |
2018[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Tulsi Gabbard (Incumbent) | 153,271 | 77.4% | |
Republican | Brian Evans | 44,850 | 22.6% | |
Total votes | 198,121 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold |
2020[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Kai Kahele | 172,517 | 63.0% | 14.4 | |
Republican | Joe Akana | 84,027 | 30.9% | 8.3 | |
Libertarian | Michelle Rose Tippens | 6,785 | 2.5% | 2.5 | |
Aloha ʻĀina | Jonathan Hoomanawanui | 6,453 | 2.4% | 2.4 | |
Independent | Ron Burrus | 2,659 | 1.0% | 1.0 | |
American Shopping | John Giuffre | 661 | 0.2% | 0.2 | |
Total votes | 273,112 | 100.0% | N/A | ||
Democratic hold |
Historical district boundaries[]
See also[]
References[]
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
- ^ "United States Census". Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ^ "My Congressional District". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 28, 2018.
- ^ "Introducing the 2021 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index". The Cook Political Report. April 15, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
- ^ Cocke, Sophie; Nov. 18, 2019 (November 18, 2019). "Former Kauai Mayor Bernard Carvalho endorses Kai Kahele for Congress". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. Retrieved November 28, 2019.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
- ^ Hawaii Office of Elections: Election results separated by year. Accessed February 11, 2015.
- ^ 1970 Election Results
- ^ 1972 Election Results
- ^ 1974 Election Results
- ^ 1976 Election Results
- ^ 1978 Election Results
- ^ 1980 Election Results
- ^ 1982 Election Results
- ^ 1984 Election Results
- ^ 1986 Election Results
- ^ 1988 Election Results
- ^ 1990 Special Election Results
- ^ 1990 Election Results
- ^ 1992 Election Results
- ^ 1994 Election Results
- ^ 1996 Election Results
- ^ 1998 Election Results
- ^ 2000 Election Results
- ^ 2002 Election Results
- ^ 2002 Special Election Results
- ^ 2003 Special Election Results
- ^ 2004 Election Results
- ^ 2006 Election Results
- ^ 2008 Election Results
- ^ 2010 Election Results
- ^ 2012 Election Results
- ^ "Hawaii General Election 2014" (PDF). Hawaii Office of Elections. November 4, 2014. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
- ^ "PRIMARY ELECTION 2016 – State of Hawaii – Statewide". State of Hawaii Office of Elections. August 16, 2016. p. 1. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
- ^ "Statewide Summary" (PDF). Office of Elections. State of Hawaii. Retrieved November 20, 2018.
Coordinates: 19°48′35″N 155°30′22″W / 19.80972°N 155.50611°W
- Congressional districts of Hawaii
- Tulsi Gabbard