114th United States Congress

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114th United States Congress
113th ←
→ 115th
U.S. Capitol - March 28, 2016 (25666928564).jpg
United States Capitol (2016)
January 3, 2015 – January 3, 2017
Members100 senators
435 representatives
6 non-voting delegates
Senate MajorityRepublican
Senate PresidentJoe Biden (D)
House MajorityRepublican
House SpeakerJohn Boehner (R)
(until October 29, 2015)
Paul Ryan (R)
(from October 29, 2015)
Sessions
1st: January 6, 2015 – December 18, 2015
2nd: January 4, 2016 – January 3, 2017

The 114th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States of America federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 2015, to January 3, 2017, during the final two years of Barack Obama's presidency. The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States Census.[1][2][3]

The 2014 elections gave the Republicans control of the Senate and the House for the first time since the 109th Congress. With 248 seats in the House of Representatives and 54 seats in the Senate, this Congress began with the largest Republican majority since the 71st Congress of 1929–1931. As of 2021, this is the most recent session of Congress in which Republicans and Democrats held any seats in New Hampshire and Nebraska, respectively, and the last in which Republicans held a Senate seat in Illinois.

Major events[]

President Barack Obama gave the State of the Union Address on January 20, 2015
Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu addressed Congress on March 3, 2015
Secretary of State John Kerry, Secretary of Energy Ernest Moniz, and Secretary of the Treasury Jack Lew defended the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action at a hearing of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on July 23, 2015
Pope Francis addressed Congress September 24, 2015.
Main articles: 2015 in the United States, 2016 in the United States, and 2017 in the United States
  • January 6, 2015: Incumbent Speaker of the House John Boehner was re-elected even though several members of his own party once again chose not to vote for him.[4] He received 216 votes, a majority of the votes cast, but two votes shy of a majority of the full membership.[5]
  • January 20, 2015: 2015 State of the Union Address
  • March 3, 2015: Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu addressed a joint session of Congress regarding sanctions against Iran. Netanyahu was invited by Speaker John Boehner without consulting President Obama.[6][7]
  • March 9, 2015: U.S. Senator Tom Cotton wrote and sent a letter to the leadership of the Islamic Republic of Iran, signed by 47 of the Senate's 54 Republicans, attempting to cast doubt on the Obama administration's authority to engage in nuclear-proliferation negotiations with Iran.[8]
  • March 25, 2015: Afghanistan President Ashraf Ghani addressed a joint session of Congress.[9]
  • April 29, 2015: Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe addressed a joint session of Congress,[10][11] becoming the first Japanese leader to do so.[10]
  • September 24, 2015: Pope Francis addressed a joint session of Congress,[12] becoming the first Pope to do so.
  • September 25, 2015: House Speaker John Boehner announced that he would resign as Speaker and from the House at the end of October 2015.[13][14] Subsequently, Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy, the presumptive favorite to succeed John Boehner, unexpectedly withdrew his candidacy for the job.[15]
  • October 29, 2015: Paul Ryan was elected to succeed John Boehner as Speaker of the House receiving 236 votes (of 432 votes cast).[5] He is the youngest Speaker since James G. Blaine in 1869.[16]
  • January 12, 2016: 2016 State of the Union Address
  • June 8, 2016: Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed a joint session of Congress.[17]
  • June 22–23, 2016: In the wake of the Orlando nightclub shooting, Congress debated gun control reform.[18] The U.S. House recessed for the July 4 holiday during a sit-in protest held by Democrats that halted business in the chamber for more than 24 hours.
  • November 8, 2016: Donald Trump and Mike Pence elected as president and vice-president in presidential elections, while the Republicans retain majority at both Senate and House of Representatives.

Major legislation[]

Enacted[]

Main article: List of acts of the 114th United States Congress

Proposed[]

Main article: List of bills in the 114th United States Congress

Vetoed[]

  • February 24, 2015: Keystone XL Pipeline Approval Act (S. 1)
  • March 31, 2015: A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Labor Relations Board relating to representation case procedures. (S.J.Res. 8)
  • October 22, 2015: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (H.R. 1735)
  • December 19, 2015: A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of a rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Standards of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from New, Modified, and Reconstructed Stationary Sources: Electric Utility Generating Units" (S.J.Res. 23)
  • December 19, 2015: A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of a rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Carbon Pollution Emission Guidelines for Existing Stationary Sources: Electric Utility Generating Units" (S.J.Res. 24)
  • January 8, 2016: The Restoring Americans' Healthcare Freedom Reconciliation Act of 2015 (H.R. 3762)
  • January 19, 2016: A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Protection Agency relating to the definition of "waters of the United States" under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (S.J.Res. 22)
  • June 8, 2016: A joint resolution disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to the definition of the term "Fiduciary" (H.J.Res. 88)
  • July 22, 2016: Presidential Allowance Modernization Act of 2016 (H.R. 1777)
  • September 23, 2016: Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act (S. 2040) (Passed over Veto)

Party summary[]

Resignations and new members are discussed in the "Changes in membership" section, below.

Senate[]

Final Senate Membership
     44 Democrats
     54 Republicans

     2 Independents, caucusing with Democrats
Affiliation Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
 Total Vacant
Democratic Independent
(caucusing with
Democrats) 		Republican
End of previous Congress 53 2 45 100 0
Begin (January 3, 2015) 44 2 54 100 0
Final voting share 46.0% 54.0%  
Beginning of the next Congress 46 2 52 100 0

House of Representatives[]

Final House Membership
     187 Democrats
     246 Republicans

     2 Vacant
Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
 Total Vacant
Democratic Independent Republican
End of previous Congress 201 0 234 435 0
Begin (January 3, 2015) 188 0 247 435 0
January 5, 2015[a] 246 434 1
February 6, 2015[b] 245 433 2
March 31, 2015[c] 244 432 3
May 5, 2015[a] 245 433 2
June 2, 2015[b] 246 434 1
September 10, 2015[c] 247 435 0
October 31, 2015[d] 246 434 1
June 7, 2016[d] 247 435 0
June 23, 2016[e] 187 434 1
July 20, 2016[f] 186 433 2
September 6, 2016[g] 246 432 3
November 8, 2016 [e][f][g] 188 247 435 0
December 4, 2016 [h] 187 434 1
December 31, 2016 [i] 246 433 2
Final voting share 43.2% 0.0% 56.8%
Non-voting members 4 1 1 6 0
Beginning of the next Congress 194 0 241 435 0

Leadership[]

Section contents: Senate: Majority (R), Minority (D) • House: Majority (R), Minority (D)

Senate[]

Senate President
Joe Biden
Joe Biden (D)
  • President: Joe Biden (D)
  • President pro tempore: Orrin Hatch (R)[23]
  • President pro tempore emeritus: Patrick Leahy (D)

Majority (Republican) leadership[]

  • Majority Leader: Mitch McConnell[24]
  • Assistant Majority Leader (Majority Whip): John Cornyn[24]
  • Chief Deputy Whip: Mike Crapo
  • Deputy Whips:[data unknown/missing]
  • Republican Conference Chairman: John Thune[24]
  • Republican Conference Vice Chairman: Roy Blunt[24]
  • Senatorial Committee Chairman: Roger Wicker
  • Policy Committee Chairman: John Barrasso[24]

Minority (Democratic) leadership[]

  • Minority Leader: Harry Reid[25]
  • Assistant Minority Leader (Minority Whip): Dick Durbin[25]
  • Chief Deputy Whip: Barbara Boxer
  • Deputy Whips:[data unknown/missing]
  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: Harry Reid[25]
  • Democratic Caucus Vice Chair and Policy Committee Chairman: Chuck Schumer[25]
  • Democratic Caucus Secretary: Patty Murray
  • Senatorial Campaign Committee Chairman: Jon Tester[25]
  • Policy Committee Vice Chairwoman: Debbie Stabenow
  • Policy Committee Strategic Policy Adviser: Elizabeth Warren[25]
  • Policy Committee Policy Development Adviser: Mark Warner
  • Steering and Outreach Committee Chairwoman: Amy Klobuchar[25]
  • Steering and Outreach Committee Vice Chairwoman: Jeanne Shaheen

House of Representatives[]

See also: January 2015 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election and October 2015 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election
House Speaker
John Boehner
John Boehner (R), until October 29, 2015
Paul Ryan
Paul Ryan (R), from October 29, 2015
  • Speaker: John Boehner (R), until October 29, 2015
    • Paul Ryan (R), from October 29, 2015

Majority (Republican) leadership[]

  • Majority Leader: Kevin McCarthy
  • Majority Whip: Steve Scalise
  • Majority Chief Deputy Whip: Patrick McHenry
  • Senior Deputy Whips: Kristi Noem, Dennis Ross, Aaron Schock (until March 31, 2015), Steve Stivers, Ann Wagner
  • Republican Conference Chairwoman: Cathy McMorris Rodgers
  • Republican Conference Vice-Chairwoman: Lynn Jenkins
  • Republican Conference Secretary: Virginia Foxx
  • Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Greg Walden
  • Policy Committee Chairman: Luke Messer
  • Republican Campaign Committee Deputy Chairman: Lynn Westmoreland

Minority (Democratic) leadership[]

  • Minority Leader: Nancy Pelosi
  • Minority Whip: Steny Hoyer
  • Assistant Democratic Leader: Jim Clyburn
  • Senior Chief Deputy Minority Whip: John Lewis
  • Chief Deputy Minority Whips: G. K. Butterfield, Diana DeGette, Keith Ellison, Jan Schakowsky, Kyrsten Sinema, Debbie Wasserman Schultz, Peter Welch
  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: Xavier Becerra
  • Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman: Joe Crowley
  • Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Ben Ray Luján
  • Steering and Policy Committee Co-Chairs: Rosa DeLauro (Steering) and Donna Edwards (Policy)
  • Organization, Study, and Review Chairwoman: Karen Bass
  • Policy and Communications Chairman: Steve Israel

Members[]

Senate[]

Senators are listed by state and then by Senate classes, In this Congress, Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 2016; Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 2018; and Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 2020.

House of Representatives[]

For maps of congressional districts, see List of United States congressional districts.

Changes in membership[]

Senate[]

There were no changes in Senate membership during this Congress.

House of Representatives[]

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives
District Vacator Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[n]
New York 11th Michael Grimm
(R) 		Incumbent resigned January 5, 2015, following a guilty plea on one count of felony tax evasion.[27]
A special election was held May 5, 2015.[28] 		Dan Donovan
(R) 		May 12, 2015
Mississippi 1st Alan Nunnelee
(R) 		Incumbent died February 6, 2015.[29]
A special election runoff was held June 2, 2015.[30][31] 		Trent Kelly
(R) 		June 9, 2015
Illinois 18th Aaron Schock
(R) 		Incumbent resigned March 31, 2015, following a spending scandal.[32][33]
A special election was held September 10, 2015. 		Darin LaHood
(R) 		September 17, 2015
Ohio 8th John Boehner
(R) 		Incumbent resigned October 31, 2015.[34]
A special election was held June 7, 2016. 		Warren Davidson
(R) 		June 9, 2016[35]
Pennsylvania 2nd Chaka Fattah
(D) 		Incumbent resigned June 23, 2016, following a conviction of corruption charges.[36]
A special election was held November 8, 2016.[37] 		Dwight Evans
(D) 		November 14, 2016
Hawaii 1st Mark Takai
(D) 		Incumbent died July 20, 2016.[38]
A special election was held November 8, 2016.[39] 		Colleen Hanabusa
(D) 		November 14, 2016
Kentucky 1st Ed Whitfield
(R) 		Incumbent resigned September 6, 2016, following an ethics investigation.[40]
A special election was held November 8, 2016.[41] 		James Comer
(R) 		November 14, 2016
California 44th Janice Hahn
(D) 		Incumbent resigned December 4, 2016, to become a member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors.[42]
No special election was held and the seat remained vacant until the next Congress. Hahn did not run for re-election in 2016. 		Vacant until the next Congress
Michigan's 10th Candice Miller
(R) 		Incumbent resigned December 31, 2016, to become Macomb County Public Works Commissioner.[43]
No special election was held and the seat remained vacant until the next Congress. Miller did not run for re-election in 2016.

Committees[]

[Section contents: Senate, House, Joint ]

Senate[]

Main article: List of current United States Senate committees
Committee Chairman Ranking Member
Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry Pat Roberts (R-KS) Debbie Stabenow (D-MI)
Appropriations Thad Cochran (R-MS) Barbara Mikulski (D-MD)
Armed Services John McCain (R-AZ) Jack Reed (D-RI)
Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Richard Shelby (R-AL) Sherrod Brown (D-OH)
Budget Mike Enzi (R-WY) Bernie Sanders (I-VT)
Commerce, Science and Transportation John Thune (R-SD) Bill Nelson (D-FL)
Energy and Natural Resources Lisa Murkowski (R-AK) Maria Cantwell (D-WA)
Environment and Public Works Jim Inhofe (R-OK) Barbara Boxer (D-CA)
Finance Orrin Hatch (R-UT) Ron Wyden (D-OR)
Foreign Relations Bob Corker (R-TN) Ben Cardin (D-MD)
Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Lamar Alexander (R-TN) Patty Murray (D-WA)
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Ron Johnson (R-WI) Thomas Carper (D-DE)
Indian Affairs John Barrasso (R-WY) Jon Tester (D-MT)
Judiciary Chuck Grassley (R-IA) Patrick Leahy (D-VT)
Rules and Administration Roy Blunt (R-MO) Chuck Schumer (D-NY)
Small Business and Entrepreneurship David Vitter (R-LA) Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH)
Veterans' Affairs Johnny Isakson (R-GA) Richard Blumenthal (D-CT)

House of Representatives[]

Main article: List of current United States House of Representatives committees
Committee Chairman Ranking Member
Agriculture Michael Conaway (R-TX) Collin Peterson (D-MN)
Appropriations Harold Rogers (R-KY) Nita Lowey (D-NY)
Armed Services Mac Thornberry (R-TX) Adam Smith (D-WA)
Budget Tom Price (R-GA) Chris Van Hollen (D-MD)
Education and the Workforce John Kline (R-MN) Bobby Scott (D-VA)
Energy and Commerce Fred Upton (R-MI) Frank Pallone (D-NJ)
Ethics Charlie Dent (R-PA) Linda Sánchez (D-CA)
Financial Services Jeb Hensarling (R-TX) Maxine Waters (D-CA)
Foreign Affairs Edward Royce (R-CA) Eliot Engel (D-NY)
Homeland Security Michael McCaul (R-TX) Bennie Thompson (D-MS)
House Administration Candice Miller (R-MI) Robert Brady (D-PA)
Judiciary Bob Goodlatte (R-VA) John Conyers (D-MI)
Natural Resources Rob Bishop (R-UT) Raul Grijalva (D-AZ)
Oversight and Government Reform Jason Chaffetz (R-UT) Elijah Cummings (D-MD)
Rules Pete Sessions (R-TX) Louise Slaughter (D-NY)
Science, Space & Technology Lamar Smith (R-TX) Eddie Bernice Johnson (D-TX)
Small Business Steve Chabot (R-OH) Nydia Velázquez (D-NY)
Transportation and Infrastructure Bill Shuster (R-PA) Peter DeFazio (D-OR)
Veterans' Affairs Jeff Miller (R-FL) Corrine Brown (D-FL)
Ways and Means Kevin Brady (R-TX) Sander Levin (D-MI)
Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence Devin Nunes (R-CA) Adam Schiff (D-CA)

Joint committees[]

Main article: List of current United States congressional joint committees
Committee Chairman Vice Chairman
Joint Economic Committee Sen. Dan Coats (R-IN) Rep. Pat Tiberi (R-OH)
Joint Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies (Special) Sen. Roy Blunt (R-MO) Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI)
Joint Committee on the Library Sen. Roy Blunt (R-MO) Rep. Gregg Harper (R-MS)
Joint Committee on Printing Rep. Gregg Harper (R-MS) Sen. Roy Blunt (R-MO)
Joint Committee on Taxation Rep. Kevin Brady (R-TX) Sen. Orrin Hatch (R-UT)

Caucuses[]

Main article: Caucuses of the United States Congress

Employees[]

Senate[]

Source: "Senate Organization Chart for the 114th Congress". Senate.gov. US Senate. Archived from the original on March 28, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015.

House of Representatives[]

Source: "Officers and Organizations of the House". House.gov. US House. Retrieved January 26, 2015.

  • Chaplain: Patrick J. Conroy (Roman Catholic)
  • Chief Administrative Officer: Ed Cassidy, until December 31, 2015
    • Will Plaster, January 1, 2016 – August 1, 2016
    • Phil Kiko, from August 1, 2016
  • Clerk: Karen L. Haas
  • Historian: Matthew Wasniewski
  • :
  • Parliamentarian:
  • Reading Clerks: Susan Cole and Joseph Novotny
  • Sergeant at Arms: Paul D. Irving

Legislative branch agency directors[]

  • Architect of the Capitol: Stephen T. Ayers
  • Attending Physician of the United States Congress: Brian P. Monahan
  • Comptroller General of the United States: Eugene Louis Dodaro
  • Director of the Congressional Budget Office: Douglas Elmendorf,[44] until March 31, 2015
    • Keith Hall, from April 1, 2015
  • Librarian of Congress: James H. Billington, until September 30, 2015
    • David S. Mao (acting), October 1, 2015 – September 14, 2016
    • Carla Diane Hayden, from September 14, 2016
  • Public Printer of the United States: Davita Vance-Cooks

See also[]

Elections[]

  • 2014 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
    • 2014 United States Senate elections
    • 2014 United States House of Representatives elections
  • 2016 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
    • 2016 United States presidential election
    • 2016 United States Senate elections
    • 2016 United States House of Representatives elections
  • List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama
  • Merrick Garland Supreme Court nomination

Membership lists[]

  • List of freshman class members of the 114th United States Congress

Notes[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b In New York's 11th district: Michael Grimm (R) resigned January 5, 2015 and Dan Donovan (R) was elected May 5, 2015.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b In Mississippi's 1st district: Alan Nunnelee (R) died February 6, 2015 and Trent Kelly (R) was elected June 2, 2015.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b In Illinois's 18th district: Aaron Schock (R) resigned March 31, 2015 and Darin Lahood (R) was elected September 10, 2015.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b In Ohio's 8th district: John Boehner (R) resigned October 31, 2015 and Warren Davidson (R-) was elected June 7, 2016.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b In Pennsylvania's 2nd district: Chaka Fattah (D) resigned June 23, 2016 and Dwight Evans (D) was elected November 8, 2016.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b In Hawaii's 1st district: Mark Takai (D) died July 20, 2016 and Colleen Hanabusa (D) was elected November 8, 2016.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b In Kentucky's 1st district: Ed Whitfield (R) resigned September 6, 2016 and James Comer (R) was elected November 8, 2016.
  8. ^ In California's 44th district: Janice Hahn (D) resigned December 4, 2016.
  9. ^ In Michigan's 10th district: Candice Miller (R) resigned December 31, 2016.
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b Senators King (ME) and Sanders (VT) had no political affiliation but caucused with the Democratic Party.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) and the North Dakota Democratic-Nonpartisan League Party (D-NPL) are the Minnesota and North Dakota affiliates of the U.S. Democratic Party and are counted as Democrats.
  12. ^ Sablan caucuses with the Democratic Party.[26]
  13. ^ Like many members of the PNP, Pedro Pierluisi affiliates with both the PNP and the Democratic Party.
  14. ^ When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.

References[]

  1. ^ H.J.Res. 129: "Appointing the day for the convening of the first session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress."
  2. ^ H.Con.Res. 104: "Providing for the sine die adjournment of the first session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress."
  3. ^ "House Calendars for January 3, 2017 - 115th Congress, 1st Session-Calendar of year 2017". www.govinfo.gov.
  4. ^ Walsh, Deirdre (January 6, 2015). "Boehner Overcomes Big Opposition to Remain Speaker". CNN. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b Heitshusen, Valerie; Beth, Richard S. (January 4, 2019). "Speakers of the House: Elections, 1913–2019" (PDF). CRS Report for Congress. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service, the Library of Congress. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
  6. ^ Bradner, Eric (January 25, 2015). "Criticism over Netanyahu visit intensifies". CNN. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
  7. ^ Lee, Carol; Solomon, Jay (March 3, 2015). "Israel's Netanyahu Urges Congress to Block 'Bad Deal' With Iran". The Wall Street Journal. New York. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
  8. ^ Baker, Peter (March 9, 2015). "Angry White House and G.O.P. Senators Clash Over Letter to Iran". The New York Times. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
  9. ^ Riechmann, Deb (March 26, 2015) - "In U.S., Ghani Vows Afghan Self-Reliance". Northwest Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. Retrieved March 27, 2015. Archived March 30, 2015.
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b Zengerle, Patricia (March 26, 2015). "Japan PM Abe to Address Joint Session of Congress". Reuters. Archived from the original on October 1, 2015. Retrieved March 27, 2015.
  11. ^ Mauldin, William (April 29, 2015). "Japan Prime Minister Shinzo Abe Argues for Trade Deal in Speech to Congress". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
  12. ^ Sherman, Jake (February 5, 2015). "Pope will address Congress in September". Retrieved April 29, 2015.
  13. ^ Steinhauer, Jennifer (September 25, 2015). "John Boehner Will Resign From Congress". The New York Times.
  14. ^ DeBonis, Mike; Kane, Paul (September 25, 2015). "House Speaker John Boehner to Resign at End of October". Washingtonpost.com. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  15. ^ "Shock! McCarthy drops Speaker bid". The Hill. October 8, 2015. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
  16. ^ Richard Escobedo (November 1, 2015). "Who was the last House speaker younger than Paul Ryan?". CBS News.
  17. ^ Modi addresses Congress as U.S.-India ties bloom By Nicole Gaouette and Elise Labott, CNN, June 9, 2016, retrieved March 22, 2020
  18. ^ Siegel, Ben (June 23, 2016). "Congress adjourns fight for gun control to July 5th". Yahoo. Politics. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
  19. ^ 5-Year, $300 Billion “FAST Act” Will Extend Transpo Policy Status Quo to 2020 By Angie Schmitt, USA.Streetsblog.org, December 2, 2015, retrieved March 22, 2020
  20. ^ "Obama's Best Day in Office?". The Wall Street Journal (Opinion). February 24, 2016. Retrieved March 22, 2020.
  21. ^ Historic Bill Of Rights For Survivors Of Sexual Assault Is Heading To Obama's Desk by Emma O'Connor, BuzzFeed, September 7, 2016, retrieved March 22, 2020
  22. ^ With media watchdogs on the sidelines, pharma-funded advocacy groups pushed Cures Act to the finish line by Trudy Lieberman, Health News Review, retrieved March 22, 2020
  23. ^ S.Res. 3
  24. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Lesniewski, Niels; Dennis, Steven (November 13, 2014). "Mitch McConnell Unanimously Elected Majority Leader by GOP". Roll Call. Archived from the original on February 2, 2015. Retrieved February 2, 2015.
  25. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Sanchez, Humberto; Lesniewski, Niels (November 13, 2014). "Harry Reid Unveils New Leadership Team, Strategy". Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 15, 2014. Retrieved February 2, 2015.
  26. ^ "Caucus Memberships of Gregorio Sablan". House.gov. US House of Representatives. Retrieved January 25, 2015.
  27. ^ "Boehner Commends Grimm for Announcing Resignation" Archived January 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Roll Call, December 30, 2014.
  28. ^ "Welcome to New York's Sixth Special Election in Six Years" Archived January 16, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Roll Call, January 2, 2015.
  29. ^ "GOP Rep. Nunnelee of Miss. Dies After Brain Cancer, Stroke" ABC News, February 6, 2015.
  30. ^ Pender, Geoff (February 6, 2015). "Governor will set election after Nunnelee's death". The Clarion-Ledger. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  31. ^ Cahn, Emily (May 12, 2015). "Mississippi Special Election Heads to Runoff". Roll Call.
  32. ^ Bash, Dana; Zeleny, Jeff; Jaffe, Alexandra (March 17, 2015). "Aaron Schock resigns amid scandal". CNN. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
  33. ^ DeBonis, Mike; Costa, Robert; Kane, Paul (March 17, 2015). "Rep. Aaron Schock announces resignation in wake of spending probe". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
  34. ^ "Amid revolt, Boehner steps aside to avoid 'irreparable harm' to Congress". Usatoday.com. September 26, 2015. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
  35. ^ "Davidson will be sworn in today". Journal-News. June 9, 2016. Archived from the original on June 10, 2016. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
  36. ^ "Rep. Chaka Fattah resigns after conviction, effective immediately" (Press release). CBS. June 23, 2016. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
  37. ^ Brennan, Chris (July 1, 2016). "Special election for Fattah's former U.S. House seat will be Nov. 8". Philadelphia Media Network. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
  38. ^ Blair, Chad (July 20, 2016). "Tributes Pour In After Death of Congressman Mark Takai." CivilBeat.org. Retrieved September 21, 2018.
  39. ^ Dayton, Kevin (August 3, 2016). "Special-election winner will finish Takai's term". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. Retrieved August 5, 2016.
  40. ^ "Rep. Whitfield to retire amid ethics probe". TheHill.
  41. ^ Callais, Krystle (September 6, 2016). "U.S. Congressman Ed Whitfield stepping down". WPSD-TV. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
  42. ^ Wire, Sarah D. (November 29, 2016). "Rep. Janice Hahn to resign seat early to be sworn in as L.A. County supervisor." Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from LATimes.com, September 21, 2018.
  43. ^ 2016 Congressional Record, Vol. 162, Page H7147
  44. ^ Shabad, Rebecca (January 5, 2015). "Budget scorekeeper awaits GOP decision". The Hill. Archived from the original on March 28, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015.

External links[]

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