Georgia's 5th congressional district

Georgia's 5th congressional district
Georgia's 5th congressional district
	Georgia's 5th congressional district - since January 3, 2013.
Representative
	Nikema Williams; D–Atlanta
Distribution	99.97% urban; 0.03% rural;
Population (2019)	788,996
Median household; income	$60,247
Ethnicity	58.5% Black; 28.3% White; 6.5% Hispanic; 4.2% Asian; 1.9% Two or more races; 0.5% other;
Cook PVI	D+36

Georgia's 5th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Georgia. The district was represented by Democrat John Lewis from January 3, 1987 until his death on July 17, 2020. Kwanza Hall was elected to replace Lewis on December 1, 2020 and served until January 3, 2021 when Nikema Williams took his place. Hall was elected in a special election for the balance of Lewis' 17th term. He chose not to run in the general election for a full two-year term, which was won by Williams.

The district's boundaries were redrawn following the 2010 census, which granted an additional congressional seat to Georgia.^[5] The first election using the new district boundaries (listed below) were the 2012 congressional elections.

Based in central Fulton and parts of DeKalb and Clayton counties, the majority black district includes almost three-fourths of Atlanta, the state capital and largest city. It also includes some of the surrounding suburbs, including East Point, Druid Hills, and Forest Park.^[6] With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of D+36, it is the most Democratic district in Georgia.^[4]

Counties[]

Fulton (Partial, see also 6th district, 11th district and 13th district)
DeKalb (Partial, see also 4th district and 6th district)
Clayton (Partial, see also 13th district)

Recent results in other elections[]

Year	Office	Results
2000	President	Al Gore 73% - George W. Bush 27%
2004	President	John Kerry 74% - George W. Bush 26%
2008	President	Barack Obama 84.4% - John McCain 15%
2012	President	Barack Obama 83.1% - Mitt Romney 15.8%
2016	President	Hillary Clinton 85% - Donald Trump 12%
2018	Governor	Stacey Abrams 87.9% - Brian Kemp 11.3%
2020	President	Joe Biden 86% - Donald Trump 13%

List of members representing the district[]

Member	Party	Years	Cong ress	Electoral history
District created in 1827
Charles Eaton Haynes	Jacksonian	March 4, 1827 – March 3, 1829	20th	Redistricted from the at-large district and re-elected in 1826. Redistricted to the at-large district.
Unused.		March 4, 1829 – March 3, 1845
John Henry Lumpkin	Democratic	March 4, 1845 – March 3, 1849	29th 30th	Elected in 1844. Re-elected in 1846. [data unknown/missing]
Thomas C. Hackett	Democratic	March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1851	31st	Elected in 1848. [data unknown/missing]
Elijah Webb Chastain	Unionist	March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1853	32nd 33rd	Elected in 1851. Re-elected in 1853. [data unknown/missing]
Elijah Webb Chastain	Democratic	March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855	32nd 33rd
John Henry Lumpkin	Democratic	March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857	34th	Elected in 1855. [data unknown/missing]
Augustus Romaldus Wright	Democratic	March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1859	35th	Elected in 1857. [data unknown/missing]
John William Henderson Underwood	Democratic	March 4, 1859 – January 23, 1861	36th	Elected in 1859. Withdrew.
Vacant		January 23, 1861 – July 25, 1868	36th 37th 38th 39th 40th	Civil War and Reconstruction
Charles H. Prince	Republican	July 25, 1868 – March 3, 1869	40th	Elected to finish the term. [data unknown/missing]
Vacant		March 4, 1869 – December 22, 1870	41st
Stephen A. Corker	Democratic	December 22, 1870 – March 3, 1871	41st	Elected after the disqualification of Charles H. Prince. [data unknown/missing]
Dudley M. DuBose	Democratic	March 4, 1871 – March 3, 1873	42nd	Elected in 1870. [data unknown/missing]
James C. Freeman	Republican	March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1875	43rd	Elected in 1872. [data unknown/missing]
Milton A. Candler	Democratic	March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1879	44th 45th	Elected in 1874. Re-elected in 1876. [data unknown/missing]
Nathaniel Job Hammond	Democratic	March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1887	46th 47th 48th 49th	Elected in 1878. Re-elected in 1880. Re-elected in 1882. Re-elected in 1884. [data unknown/missing]
John D. Stewart	Democratic	March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1891	50th 51st	Elected in 1886. Re-elected in 1888. [data unknown/missing]
Leonidas F. Livingston	Democratic	March 4, 1891 – March 3, 1911	52nd 53rd 54th 55th 56th 57th 58th 59th 60th 61st	Elected in 1890. Re-elected in 1892. Re-elected in 1894. Re-elected in 1896. Re-elected in 1898. Re-elected in 1900. Re-elected in 1902. Re-elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. Re-elected in 1908. [data unknown/missing]
William S. Howard	Democratic	March 4, 1911 – March 3, 1919	62nd 63rd 64th 65th	Elected in 1910. Re-elected in 1912. Re-elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. [data unknown/missing]
William David Upshaw	Democratic	March 4, 1919 – March 3, 1927	66th 67th 68th 69th	Elected in 1918. Re-elected in 1920. Re-elected in 1922. Re-elected in 1924. Lost renomination.
Leslie Jasper Steele	Democratic	March 4, 1927 – July 24, 1929	70th 71st	Elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Died.
Vacant		July 14, 1929 – October 2, 1929	71st
Robert Ramspeck	Democratic	October 2, 1929 – December 31, 1945	71st 72nd 73rd 74th 75th 76th 77th 78th 79th	Elected to finish Steele's term. Re-elected in 1930. Re-elected in 1932. Re-elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. Re-elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Re-elected in 1942. Re-elected in 1944. Resigned to return to working in the aviation industry.
Vacant		December 31, 1945 – February 12, 1946	79th
Helen Douglas Mankin	Democratic	February 12, 1946 – January 3, 1947	79th	Elected to finish Ramspeck's term. Lost renomination, and then lost re-election as a write-in candidate.
James C. Davis	Democratic	January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1963	80th 81st 82nd 83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th	Elected in 1946. Re-elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Re-elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Lost renomination.
Charles L. Weltner	Democratic	January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1967	88th 89th	Elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Retired after refusing to endorse Lester Maddox for Governor of Georgia.
Fletcher Thompson	Republican	January 3, 1967 – January 3, 1973	90th 91st 92nd	Elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Retired to run for U.S. senator.
Andrew Young	Democratic	January 3, 1973 – January 29, 1977	93rd 94th 95th	Elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Resigned to become U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations.
Vacant		January 29, 1977 – April 6, 1977	95th
Wyche Fowler	Democratic	April 6, 1977 – January 3, 1987	95th 96th 97th 98th 99th	Elected to finish Young's term. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Retired to run for U.S. senator.
John Lewis	Democratic	January 3, 1987 – July 17, 2020	100th 101st 102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th 111th 112th 113th 114th 115th 116th	Elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Died.
Vacant		July 17, 2020 – December 3, 2020	116th
Kwanza Hall	Democratic	December 3, 2020 – January 3, 2021	116th	Elected to finish Lewis's term. Was not a candidate for the next term.
Nikema Williams	Democratic	January 3, 2021 – Present	117th	Elected in 2020.

Election results[]

Year	Candidate	Party	Votes	%
1844 (29th Congress)	Y John Henry Lumpkin	Democratic	7,720	61.2
1844 (29th Congress)	Miller	Whig	4,889	38.8
1846 (30th Congress)	Y John Henry Lumpkin	Democratic	5,349	79.4
1846 (30th Congress)	Crook	Whig	1,263	18.8
1848 (31st Congress)	Y Thomas C. Hackett	Democratic	8,767	59.8
1848 (31st Congress)	James M. Calhoun	Whig	5,904	40.2
1851 (32nd Congress)	Y Elijah Webb Chastain	Union	13,882	65.0
1851 (32nd Congress)	Stiles	Whig	7,481	35.0
1853 (33rd Congress)	Y Elijah Webb Chastain	Democratic	8,118	50.8
1853 (33rd Congress)	Tumlin	Democratic	7,866	49.2
1855 (34th Congress)	Y John Henry Lumpkin	Democratic	11,290	58.6
1855 (34th Congress)	Tumlin		7,978	41.4
1857 (35th Congress)	Y Augustus R. Wright	Democratic	9,669	63.0
1857 (35th Congress)	Hooper	Independent Democrat	5,690	37.1
1859 (36th Congress)	Y John Underwood	Democratic	12,339	85.1
1859 (36th Congress)	Shackleford	Opp.	2,162	14.9
Georgia announced its secession from the Union, January 28, 1861.
April 20, 1868 (40th Congress) Special election	Y Charles H. Prince^[7]	Republican
April 20, 1868 (40th Congress) Special election	Hilliard	Democratic
January 1871 (41st Congress) Special election	Y Stephen Alfestus Corker	Democratic
1870 (42nd Congress)	Y Dudley M. Du Bose	Democratic	15,363	62.3
1870 (42nd Congress)	Isham S. Fannin	Republican	9,302	37.7
1872 (43rd Congress)	Y James C. Freeman	Republican	10,910	50.7
1872 (43rd Congress)	Glenn	Liberal Republican	10,631	49.4
1874 (44th Congress)	Y Milton A. Candler	Democratic	12,450	66.5
1874 (44th Congress)	Mills	Republican	6,273	33.5
1876 (45th Congress)	Y Milton A. Candler	Democratic	18,083	67.5
1876 (45th Congress)	Markham	Republican	8,714	32.5
1878 (46th Congress)	Y Nathaniel Job Hammond	Democratic	10,269	55.6
1878 (46th Congress)	Arnold	Greenback	8,196	44.4
1880 (47th Congress)	Y Nathaniel Job Hammond	Democratic	11,947	62.6
1880 (47th Congress)	Clark	Republican	7,133	37.4
1882 (48th Congress)	Y Nathaniel Job Hammond	Democratic	10,788	65.2
1882 (48th Congress)	Buck	Independent Republican	5,756	34.8
1884 (49th Congress)	Y Nathaniel Job Hammond	Democratic	9,008	63.7
1884 (49th Congress)	Martin	Republican	5,130	36.3
1886 (50th Congress)	Y John D. Stewart	Democratic	2,999	100.0
1888 (51st Congress)	Y John D. Stewart	Democratic	10,971	68.6
1888 (51st Congress)	George S. Thomas	Republican	5,032	31.4
1890 (52nd Congress)	Y Leonidas F. Livingston	Democratic	8,688	70.7
1890 (52nd Congress)	Will Haight	Republican	3,608	29.3
1892 (53rd Congress)	Y Leonidas F. Livingston	Democratic	9,732	60.2
1892 (53rd Congress)	Samuel Small	Populist & Republican	6,447	39.9
1894 (54th Congress)	Y Leonidas F. Livingston	Democratic	7,781	59.7
1894 (54th Congress)	Robert Todd	Populist	5,264	40.4
1896 (55th Congress)	Y Leonidas F. Livingston	Democratic	9,258	58.0
1896 (55th Congress)	J. C. Hendrix	Republican	6,715	42.0
1898 (56th Congress)	Y Leonidas F. Livingston	Democratic	3,027	97.6
1900 (57th Congress)	Y Leonidas F. Livingston	Democratic	8,828	76.6
1900 (57th Congress)	Charles I. Brannan	Independent	2,685	23.3
1902 (58th Congress)	Y Leonidas F. Livingston	Democratic	2,485	100.0
1904 (59th Congress)	Y Leonidas F. Livingston	Democratic	9,387	71.4
1904 (59th Congress)	C. P. Goree	Republican	3,760	28.6
1906 (60th Congress)	Y Leonidas F. Livingston	Democratic	3,030	100.0
1908 (61st Congress)	Y Leonidas F. Livingston	Democratic	8,909	100.0
1910 (62nd Congress)	Y William Schley Howard	Democratic	4,091	100.0
1912 (63rd Congress)	Y William Schley Howard	Democratic	12,000	100.0
1914 (64th Congress)	Y William Schley Howard	Democratic	4,780	88.2
1914 (64th Congress)	Dewar	Progressive	640	11.8
1916 (65th Congress)	Y William Schley Howard	Democratic	13,174	88.8
1916 (65th Congress)	Moore		1,656	11.2
1918 (66th Congress)	Y William D. Upshaw	Democratic	5,251	100.0
1920 (67th Congress)	Y William D. Upshaw	Democratic	10,649	70.1
1920 (67th Congress)	John W. Martin	Republican	4,544	29.9
1922 (68th Congress)	Y William D. Upshaw	Democratic	4,646	93.1
1922 (68th Congress)	Max H. Wilensky		347	7.0
1924 (69th Congress)	Y William D. Upshaw	Democratic	16,608	100.0
1926 (70th Congress)	Y Leslie J. Steele	Democratic	2,919	99.9
1928 (71st Congress)	Y Leslie J. Steele	Democratic	19,328	100.0
October 2, 1929 (71st Congress) Special election	Y Robert Ramspeck	Democratic
1930 (72nd Congress)	Y Robert Ramspeck	Democratic	10,752	100.0
1932 (73rd Congress)	Y Robert Ramspeck	Democratic	26,657	100.0
1934 (74th Congress)	Y Robert Ramspeck	Democratic	5,206	100.0
1936 (75th Congress)	Y Robert Ramspeck	Democratic	35,540	89.4
1936 (75th Congress)	H. H. Alexander	Republican	4,213	10.6
1938 (76th Congress)	Y Robert Ramspeck	Democratic	6,906	97.2
1940 (77th Congress)	Y Robert Ramspeck	Democratic, Independent	41,677	99.9
1942 (78th Congress)	Y Robert Ramspeck	Democratic	9,176	96.0
1944 (79th Congress)	Y Robert Ramspeck	Democratic	50,257	94.5
1944 (79th Congress)	H. H. Alexander	Independent	2,929	5.5
February 12, 1946 (79th Congress) Special election	Y Helen Douglas Mankin	Democratic
1946 (80th Congress)	Y James C. Davis	Democratic	31,444	61.6
1946 (80th Congress)	Helen Douglas Mankin	Independent (Write-in)	19,527	38.3
1948 (81st Congress)	Y James C. Davis	Democratic	54,637	99.6
1950 (82nd Congress)	Y James C. Davis	Democratic	49,317	100.0
1952 (83rd Congress)	Y James C. Davis	Democratic	83,920	100.0
1954 (84th Congress)	Y James C. Davis	Democratic	54,069	64.4
1954 (84th Congress)	Charles A. Moye Jr.	Republican	29,911	35.6
1956 (85th Congress)	Y James C. Davis	Democratic	85,292	59.2
1956 (85th Congress)	Randolph W. Thrower	Republican	58,777	40.8
1958 (86th Congress)	Y James C. Davis	Democratic	32,135	100.0
1960 (87th Congress)	Y James C. Davis	Democratic	80,023	99.7
1962 (88th Congress)	Y Charles Weltner	Democratic	60,583	55.6
1962 (88th Congress)	L. J. O'Callaghan	Republican	48,466	44.4
1964 (89th Congress)	Y Charles Weltner	Democratic	65,803	54.0
1964 (89th Congress)	L. J. O'Callaghan	Republican	55,983	46.0
1966 (90th Congress)	Y Fletcher Thompson	Republican	55,423	60.1
1966 (90th Congress)	Archie Lindsey	Democratic	36,751	39.9
1968 (91st Congress)	Y Fletcher Thompson	Republican	79,258	55.6
1968 (91st Congress)	Charles Weltner	Democratic	63,183	44.4
1970 (92nd Congress)	Y Fletcher Thompson	Republican	78,540	57.4
1970 (92nd Congress)	Andrew Young	Democratic	58,394	42.6
1972 (93rd Congress)	Y Andrew Young	Democratic	72,289	52.8
1972 (93rd Congress)	Rodney M. Cook	Republican	64,495	47.1
1974 (94th Congress)	Y Andrew Young	Democratic	69,221	71.6
1974 (94th Congress)	Wyman C. Lowe	Republican	27,397	28.3
1976 (95th Congress)	Y Andrew Young	Democratic	96,056	66.7
1976 (95th Congress)	Ed Gadrix	Republican	47,998	33.3
1977 (95th Congress) Special election	Wyche Fowler	Democratic	29,898	39.6
	John Lewis	Democratic	21,531	28.6
	Paul Coverdell	Republican	16,509	21.9
April 5, 1977 (95th Congress) Special runoff	Y Wyche Fowler	Democratic	54,378	62.4
April 5, 1977 (95th Congress) Special runoff	John Lewis	Democratic	32,732	37.6
1978 (96th Congress)	Y Wyche Fowler	Democratic	52,739	75.5
1978 (96th Congress)	Thomas P. Bowles Jr.	Republican	17,132	24.5
1980 (97th Congress)	Y Wyche Fowler	Democratic	101,646	74.0
1980 (97th Congress)	F. William Dowda	Republican	35,640	26.0
1982 (98th Congress)	Y Wyche Fowler	Democratic	53,264	80.8
	J.E. (Billy) McKinney	Independent	9,047	13.7
	Paul Jones	Republican	3,633	5.5
1984 (99th Congress)	Y Wyche Fowler	Democratic	151,233	100.0
1986 (100th Congress)	Y John Lewis	Democratic	93,229	75.3
1986 (100th Congress)	Portia A. Scott	Republican	30,562	24.7
1988 (101st Congress)	Y John Lewis	Democratic	135,194	78.2
1988 (101st Congress)	J. W. Tibbs Jr.	Republican	37.693	21.8
1990 (102nd Congress)	Y John Lewis	Democratic	86,037	75.6
1990 (102nd Congress)	J. W. Tibbs Jr.	Republican	27,781	24.4
1992 (103rd Congress)	Y John Lewis	Democratic	147,445	72.1
1992 (103rd Congress)	Paul R. Stabler	Republican	56,960	27.9
1994 (104th Congress)	Y John Lewis	Democratic	85,094	69.1
1994 (104th Congress)	Dale Dixon	Republican	37,999	30.9
1996 (105th Congress)	Y John Lewis	Democratic	136,555	100.0
1998 (106th Congress)	Y John Lewis	Democratic	109,177	78.5
1998 (106th Congress)	John H. Lewis Sr.	Republican	29,877	21.5
2000 (107th Congress)	Y John Lewis	Democratic	137,333	77.2
2000 (107th Congress)	Hank Schwab	Republican	40,606	22.8
2002 (108th Congress)	Y John Lewis	Democratic	116,259	100.0
2004 (109th Congress)	Y John Lewis	Democratic	201,773	100.0
2006 (110th Congress)	Y John Lewis	Democratic	122,380	100.0
2008 (111th Congress)	Y John Lewis	Democratic	122,345	100.0

2002[]

2002 Georgia's 5th congressional district election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John Lewis (Incumbent)	116,230	100.00
Total votes			116,230	100.00
Turnout
	Democratic hold

2004[]

2004 Georgia's 5th congressional district election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John Lewis (Incumbent)	201,773	100.00
Total votes			201,773	100.00
Turnout
	Democratic hold

2006[]

2006 Georgia's 5th congressional district election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John Lewis (Incumbent)	122,380	99.95
	No party	Others	64	0.05
Total votes			122,444	100.00
Turnout
	Democratic hold

2008[]

2008 Georgia's 5th congressional district election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John Lewis (Incumbent)	231,368	99.95
	No party	Others	106	0.05
Total votes			231,437	100.00
Turnout
	Democratic hold

2010[]

2010 Georgia's 5th congressional district election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John Lewis (Incumbent)	130,782	73.72
	Republican	Fenn Little	46,622	26.28
Total votes			177,404	100.00
Turnout
	Democratic hold

2012[]

2012 Georgia's 5th congressional district election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John Lewis (Incumbent)	234,330	84.39
	Republican	Howard Stopeck	43,335	15.61
Total votes			277,665	100.00
Turnout
	Democratic hold

2014[]

2014 Georgia's 5th congressional district election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John Lewis (Incumbent)	170,326	100
Total votes			170,326	100.00
Turnout
	Democratic hold

2016[]

2016 Georgia's 5th congressional district election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John Lewis (Incumbent)	253,781	84.44
	Republican	Douglas Bell	46,768	15.56
Total votes			300,549	100.00
Turnout
	Democratic hold

2018[]

2018 Georgia's 5th congressional district election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John Lewis (Incumbent)	273,084	100
Total votes			273,084	100.00
Turnout
	Democratic hold

2020 special election[]

2020 Georgia's 5th congressional district special election, September 29, 2020^[8]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Kwanza Hall	11,104	31.75%
	Democratic	Robert Michael Franklin Jr.	9,987	28.55%
	Democratic	Mable Thomas	6,692	19.13%
	Democratic	Keisha Waites	4,255	12.17%
	Democratic	Barrington Martin II	1,944	5.56%
	Libertarian	Chase Oliver	712	2.04%
	Independent	Steven Muhammad	282	0.8%
Total votes			34,967	100.00%

2020 Georgia's 5th congressional district special election runoff, December 1, 2020^[9]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Kwanza Hall	13,450	54.27%
	Democratic	Robert Michael Franklin Jr.	11,332	45.73%
Total votes			24,782	100.00%
	Democratic hold

2020[]

2020 Georgia's 5th congressional district election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Nikema Williams	301,857	85.02
	Republican	Angela Stanton-King	52,646	14.08
Total votes			354,503	100.00
	Democratic hold

Historical district boundaries[]

The district from 2007 to 2013

The district from 2003 to 2007

References[]

^ Geography, US Census Bureau. "Congressional Districts Relationship Files (state-based)". www.census.gov.
^ Bureau, Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census. "My Congressional District". www.census.gov.
^ Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau. "My Congressional District". www.census.gov.
^ ^a ^b "Introducing the 2021 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index". The Cook Political Report. April 15, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
^ Justice Department approves Georgia's political maps. Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Last accessed December 27, 2011
^ 2012 Congressional maps - Metro Atlanta, Georgia Legislature. Last accessed January 1, 2012
^ Prince was seated despite the fact that Georgia had not yet been readmitted to the Union. On the opening of the 41st United States Congress in March 1869, he claimed that his election of 1868 entitled him to sit in that Congress, but this claim was rejected by Congress.
^ "Results Summary". Georgia Secretary of State. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
^ "Results Summary". Georgia Secretary of State. Retrieved December 14, 2020.

Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

External links[]

Coordinates: 33°42′25″N 84°24′04″W / 33.70694°N 84.40111°W / 33.70694; -84.40111

[1] Geography, US Census Bureau. "Congressional Districts Relationship Files (state-based)". www.census.gov.

[2] Bureau, Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census. "My Congressional District". www.census.gov.

[3] Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau. "My Congressional District". www.census.gov.

[Cook-4] "Introducing the 2021 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index". The Cook Political Report. April 15, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2021.

[justiceapproval-5] Justice Department approves Georgia's political maps. Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Last accessed December 27, 2011

[12congmetro-6] 2012 Congressional maps - Metro Atlanta, Georgia Legislature. Last accessed January 1, 2012

[notseated-7] Prince was seated despite the fact that Georgia had not yet been readmitted to the Union. On the opening of the 41st United States Congress in March 1869, he claimed that his election of 1868 entitled him to sit in that Congress, but this claim was rejected by Congress.

[8] "Results Summary". Georgia Secretary of State. Retrieved September 30, 2020.

[9] "Results Summary". Georgia Secretary of State. Retrieved December 14, 2020.

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