75th United States Congress

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75th United States Congress
74th ←
→ 76th
USCapitol1956.jpg
United States Capitol (1956)

January 3, 1937 – January 3, 1939
Members96 senators
435 representatives
5 non-voting delegates
Senate MajorityDemocratic
Senate PresidentJohn N. Garner (D)
House MajorityDemocratic
House SpeakerWilliam B. Bankhead (D)
Sessions
1st: January 5, 1937 – August 21, 1937
2nd: November 15, 1937 – December 21, 1937
3rd: January 3, 1938 – June 16, 1938
Washington, D.C., March 25, 1937: Navy Chaplain opens the House of Representatives with a prayer for the first time since 1820. It was the first time in 117 years that the Navy was again honored in giving the invocation. Left to right: James S. Montgomery, Chaplain of the House; Speaker William Bankhead; and Capt. , Chief of Chaplains U.S. Navy

The 75th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1937, to January 3, 1939, during the fifth and sixth years administration of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. (Because of the 20th amendment, starting in 1937 the new Presidential term began 17 days after that of the new Congress). The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fifteenth United States Census, conducted in 1930.

Both chambers had a Democratic supermajority, with the party increasing their majority in both the House and Senate, and with the reelection of President Roosevelt, maintained an overall federal government trifecta.

Major events[]

  • January 20, 1937: President Franklin D. Roosevelt begins his second term.
  • February 5, 1937: Roosevelt's court-packing plan proposed
  • March 26, 1937: William Henry Hastie becomes the first African-American appointed to a federal judgeship.
  • April 12, 1937: National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation: The Supreme Court of the United States ruled the National Labor Relations Act constitutional.
  • July 22, 1937: Senate rejects the court-packing plan
  • October 5, 1937: Roosevelt delivers the Quarantine Speech

Major legislation[]

  • May 1, 1937: Neutrality Acts of 1937
  • June 3, 1937: Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act, ch. 296, 50 Stat. 246
  • August 2, 1937: Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 50 Stat. 553
  • August 5, 1937: National Cancer Institute Act, Pub.L. 75–244, ch. 565, 50 Stat. 559
  • March 21, 1938: Wheeler–Lea Act, ch. 49, 52 Stat. 111
  • May 24, 1938: La Follette-Bulwinkle Act, ch. 267, 52 Stat. 439
  • June 8, 1938: Foreign Agents Registration Act, ch. 327, 52 Stat. 631
  • June 21, 1938: Natural Gas Act, ch. 556, 52 Stat. 821
  • June 25, 1938: Civil Aeronautics Act, ch. 601, 52 Stat. 973
  • June 25, 1938: Fair Labor Standards Act, ch. 676, 52 Stat. 1060
  • June 25, 1938: Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, ch. 675, 52 Stat. 1040
  • June 25, 1938: Wagner-O'Day Act, ch. 697, 52 Stat. 1196

Party summary[]

Senate[]

Party
(shading shows control)
Total Vacant
Democratic
(D)
Farmer–
Labor

(F)
Wisconsin
Progressive

(P)
Republican
(R)
Independent
(I)
End of previous congress 72 1 1 22 0 96 0
Begin 76 2 1 16 1 96 0
End 74 18
Final voting share 77.1% 2.1% 1.0% 18.8% 1.0%
Beginning of next congress 69 2 1 23 1 96 0

House of Representatives[]

House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80+% to 100% Democratic
  80+% to 100% Republican
  60+% to 80% Democratic
  60+% to 80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Republican
Party
(shading shows control)
Total Vacant
Democratic
(D)
Farmer–
Labor

(FL)
Wisconsin
Progressive

(P)
Republican
(R)
Other
End of previous congress 308 3 7 100 0 418 17
Begin 333 5 7 89 1 435 0
End 324 4269
Final voting share 76.1% 1.2% 1.6% 20.9% 0.2%
Beginning of next congress 260 1 2 169 2 434 1

Leadership[]

(L-R): House Speaker William Bankhead, Senate Majority Leader Alben Barkley, and House Majority Leader Sam Rayburn
(L-R): Vice President John Nance Garner, Senate Majority Leader Alben Barkley, Speaker of the House William Bankhead, and House Majority Leader Sam Rayburn, January 9, 1939

Senate[]

  • President: John N. Garner (D)
  • President pro tempore: Key Pittman (D)
  • Majority Leader: Joseph Taylor Robinson (D), until July 14, 1937
    • Alben W. Barkley (D), from July 14, 1937
  • Majority Whip: J. Hamilton Lewis (D)
  • Minority Leader: Charles McNary (R)
  • Democratic Caucus Secretary: Joshua B. Lee
  • Republican Conference Secretary: Frederick Hale
  • National Senatorial Committee Chairman: John G. Townsend Jr.

House of Representatives[]

  • Speaker: William B. Bankhead (D)
  • Majority Leader: Sam Rayburn (D)
  • Minority Leader: Bertrand Snell (R)
  • Democratic Whip: Patrick J. Boland
  • Republican Whip: Harry Lane Englebright
  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: Robert L. Doughton
  • Republican Conference Chairman: Roy O. Woodruff
  • Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Patrick H. Drewry
  • Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Joseph W. Martin Jr.

Members[]

Senate[]

Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election, In this Congress, Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1938; Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1940; and Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1942.

House of Representatives[]

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Changes in membership[]

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.

Senate[]

State
(class)
Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[a]
Tennessee
(2)
Nathan L. Bachman (D) Died April 23, 1937.
Successor appointed to continue the term.
George L. Berry (D) May 6, 1937
Arkansas
(2)
Joseph T. Robinson (D) Died July 14, 1937.
Successor elected October 19, 1937.
John E. Miller (D) November 15, 1937
Alabama
(3)
Hugo Black (D) Resigned August 19, 1937, after being appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
Successor appointed to continue the term.
Dixie Bibb Graves (D) August 20, 1937
Alabama
(3)
Dixie Bibb Graves (D) Resigned January 10, 1938, after successor elected. J. Lister Hill (D) January 11, 1938
New Jersey
(1)
A. Harry Moore (D) Resigned January 17, 1938, after being elected Governor of New Jersey.
Successor appointed to continue the term.
John G. Milton (D) January 18, 1938
Oregon
(3)
Frederick Steiwer (R) Resigned January 31, 1938, due to poor health.
Successor appointed to continue the term.
Alfred E. Reames (D) February 1, 1938
New York
(1)
Royal S. Copeland (D) Died June 17, 1938.
Successor elected November 8, 1938.
James M. Mead (D) December 3, 1938
California
(3)
William G. McAdoo (D) Resigned November 8, 1938, after losing nomination for upcoming term.
Successor appointed to continue the term.
Thomas M. Storke (D) November 9, 1938
New Jersey
(1)
John G. Milton (D) Interim appointee retired when successor elected.
Successor elected November 8, 1938.
William W. Barbour (R) November 9, 1938
Oregon
(3)
Alfred E. Reames (D) Interim appointee retired when successor elected.
Successor elected November 8, 1938.
Alexander G. Barry (R) November 9, 1938
South Dakota
(3)
Herbert E. Hitchcock (D) Interim appointee lost nomination to finish the term.
Successor elected November 8, 1938.
Gladys Pyle (R) November 9, 1938
Tennessee
(2)
George L. Berry (D) Interim appointee lost nomination to finish the term.
Successor elected November 8, 1938.
Tom Stewart (D) November 9, 1938.

House of Representatives[]

District Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[a]
Virginia 3 Andrew Jackson Montague (D) Died January 24, 1937. Dave E. Satterfield Jr. (D) November 2, 1937
Texas 10 James P. Buchanan (D) Died February 22, 1937. Lyndon B. Johnson (D) April 10, 1937
California 10 Henry E. Stubbs (D) Died February 28, 1937. Alfred J. Elliott (D) May 4, 1937
Pennsylvania 18 Benjamin K. Focht (R) Died March 27, 1937. Richard M. Simpson (R) May 11, 1937
New York 27 Philip A. Goodwin (R) Died June 6, 1937. Lewis K. Rockefeller (R) November 2, 1937
Massachusetts 7 William P. Connery Jr. (D) Died June 15, 1937. Lawrence J. Connery (D) September 28, 1937
New York 17 Theodore A. Peyser (D) Died August 8, 1937. Bruce F. Barton (R) November 2, 1937
Ohio 4 Frank Le Blond Kloeb (D) Resigned August 19, 1937, to become justice of United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio. Walter H. Albaugh (R) November 8, 1938
New York 25 Charles D. Millard (R) Resigned September 29, 1937, to become surrogate of Westchester County, New York. Ralph A. Gamble (R) November 2, 1937
Massachusetts 11 John P. Higgins (D) Resigned September 30, 1937, to become chief justice of the Massachusetts Superior Court. Thomas A. Flaherty (D) December 14, 1937
Oklahoma 5 Robert P. Hill (D) Died October 29, 1937. Gomer Griffith Smith (D) December 10, 1937
Arkansas 2 John E. Miller (D) Resigned November 14, 1937 to become U.S. senator. Vacant until the next Congress
Pennsylvania 33 Henry Ellenbogen (D) Resigned January 3, 1938, to become judge of Common Pleas of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Vacant until the next Congress
Alabama 2 J. Lister Hill (D) Resigned January 11, 1938 to become U.S. senator. George M. Grant (D) June 14, 1938
New Jersey 9 Edward A. Kenney (D) Died January 27, 1938. Vacant until the next Congress
California 17 Charles J. Colden (D) Died April 15, 1938. Vacant until the next Congress
Kentucky 8 Fred M. Vinson (D) Resigned May 27, 1938, to become associate justice of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Joe B. Bates (D) June 4, 1938
New Hampshire 1 Arthur B. Jenks (R) Lost contested election June 9, 1938 Alphonse Roy (D) June 9, 1938
South Carolina 6 Allard H. Gasque (D) Died June 17, 1938. Elizabeth Hawley Gasque (D) September 13, 1937
New York 1 Robert L. Bacon (R) Died September 12, 1938. Vacant until the next Congress
Resident Commissioner of the Philippines Quintin Paredes (NAC) Resigned September 29, 1938. Joaquín Miguel Elizalde (NAC) September 29, 1938
New York 15 John J. Boylan (D) Died October 5, 1938. Vacant until the next Congress
Iowa 1 Edward C. Eicher (D) Resigned December 2, 1938, to become commissioner to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Vacant until the next Congress
New York 42 James M. Mead (D) Resigned December 2, 1938 after being elected to the U.S. Senate. Vacant until the next Congress
Maryland 5 Stephen W. Gambrill (D) Died December 19, 1938. Vacant until the next Congress

Committees[]

Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (4 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

Senate[]

  • Agriculture and Forestry (Chairman: Ellison D. Smith; Ranking Member: George W. Norris)
  • (Special)
  • Appropriations (Chairman: Carter Glass; Ranking Member: Frederick Hale)
  • Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: James F. Byrnes; Ranking Member: John G. Townsend Jr.)
  • Banking and Currency (Chairman: Robert F. Wagner; Ranking Member: John G. Townsend Jr.)
  • (Special) (Chairman: Augustine Lonergan)
  • Civil Service (Chairman: William J. Bulow; Ranking Member: Wallace H. White Jr.)
  • (Special)
  • (Special)
  • Claims (Chairman: Josiah W. Bailey; Ranking Member: Arthur Capper)
  • Commerce (Chairman: Royal S. Copeland; Ranking Member: Charles L. McNary)
  • (Special)
  • District of Columbia (Chairman: William H. King; Ranking Member: Arthur Capper)
  • Education and Labor (Chairman: Elbert D. Thomas; Ranking Member: William E. Borah)
  • Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Hattie W. Caraway; Ranking Member: Arthur H. Vandenberg)
  • (Select)
  • Expenditures in Executive Departments (Chairman: J. Hamilton Lewis; Ranking Member: James J. Davis)
  • Finance (Chairman: Pat Harrison; Ranking Member: Robert M. La Follette Jr.)
  • Foreign Relations (Chairman: Key Pittman; Ranking Member: William E. Borah)
  • (Select)
  • Immigration (Chairman: Richard B. Russell; Ranking Member: Hiram W. Johnson)
  • Indian Affairs (Chairman: Elmer Thomas; Ranking Member: Lynn J. Frazier)
  • (Chairman: Leo Kocialkowski; Ranking Member: N/A)
  • Interoceanic Canals (Chairman: N/A; Ranking Member: N/A)
  • Interstate Commerce (Chairman: Burton K. Wheeler; Ranking Member: Wallace H. White Jr.)
  • Irrigation and Reclamation (Chairman: John H. Bankhead II; Ranking Member: Charles L. McNary)
  • Judiciary (Chairman: Henry F. Ashurst; Ranking Member: William E. Borah)
  • Library (Chairman: Alben W. Barkley; Ranking Member: Ernest W. Gibson)
  • (Select)
  • Manufactures (Chairman: Robert J. Bulkley; Ranking Member: Robert M. La Follette Jr.)
  • Military Affairs (Chairman: Morris Sheppard; Ranking Member: Warren R. Austin)
  • Mines and Mining (Chairman: M.M. Logan; Ranking Member: Lynn J. Frazier)
  • (Select) (Chairman: Robert F. Wagner)
  • (Special)
  • Naval Affairs (Chairman: David I. Walsh; Ranking Member: Frederick Hale)
  • Patents (Chairman: William Gibbs McAdoo; Ranking Member: George W. Norris)
  • Pensions (Chairman: George McGill; Ranking Member: Lynn J. Frazier)
  • Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Kenneth McKellar; Ranking Member: Lynn J. Frazier)
  • Printing (Chairman: J. Walter Lambeth; Ranking Member: Arthur H. Vandenberg)
  • Privileges and Elections (Chairman: Walter F. George; Ranking Member: Warren R. Austin)
  • Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Tom Connally; Ranking Member: Warren R. Austin)
  • Public Lands and Surveys (Chairman: Alva B. Adams; Ranking Member: Gerald P. Nye)
  • Rules (Chairman: Matthew M. Neely; Ranking Member: Frederick Hale)
  • (Special)
  • (Special)
  • Territories and Insular Affairs (Chairman: Millard E. Tydings; Ranking Member: Gerald P. Nye)
  • (Select)
  • Whole
  • (Special) (Chairman: Vacant; Ranking Member: Key Pittman)
  • (Special) (Chairman: Alva B. Adams)

House of Representatives[]

  • Accounts (Chairman: Lindsay C. Warren; Ranking Member: James Wolfenden)
  • Agriculture (Chairman: J. Marvin Jones; Ranking Member: Clifford R. Hope)
  • Appropriations (Chairman: Edward T. Taylor; Ranking Member: John Taber)
  • Banking and Currency (Chairman: Henry B. Steagall; Ranking Member: Jesse P. Wolcott)
  • Census (Chairman: William H. Larrabee; Ranking Member: J. Roland Kinzer)
  • Civil Service (Chairman: Robert Ramspeck; Ranking Member: Edith Nourse Rogers)
  • Claims (Chairman: Ambrose J. Kennedy; Ranking Member: Ulysses S. Guyer)
  • Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: Andrew Somers; Ranking Member: Lloyd Thurston)
  • (Select) (Chairman: A. Willis Robertson)
  • Disposition of Executive Papers (Chairman: Charles J. Colden; Ranking Member: Bertrand W. Gearhart)
  • District of Columbia (Chairman: Vincent L. Palmisano; Ranking Member: Everett M. Dirksen)
  • Education (Chairman: William H. Larrabee; Ranking Member: Albert E. Carter)
  • Election of the President, Vice President and Representatives in Congress (Chairman: Caroline O'Day; Ranking Member: George H. Tinkham)
  • Elections No.#1 (Chairman: N/A; Ranking Member: Clarence E. Hancock)
  • Elections No.#2 (Chairman: ; Ranking Member: Ulysses S. Guyer)
  • Elections No.#3 (Chairman: John H. Kerr; Ranking Member: Charles L. Gifford)
  • Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Claude V. Parsons; Ranking Member: Charles Aubrey Eaton)
  • Expenditures in the Executive Departments (Chairman: John J. Cochran; Ranking Member: Charles L. Gifford)
  • Flood Control (Chairman: William M. Whittington; Ranking Member: Robert F. Rich)
  • Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Sam D. McReynolds; Ranking Member: Hamilton Fish III)
  • (Select) (Chairman: N/A)
  • Immigration and Naturalization (Chairman: Samuel Dickstein; Ranking Member: J. Will Taylor)
  • Indian Affairs (Chairman: Will Rogers; Ranking Member: Fred C. Gilchrist)
  • Insular Affairs (Chairman: Leo Kocialkowski; Ranking Member: Lloyd Thurston)
  • Interstate and Foreign Commerce (Chairman: Clarence F. Lea; Ranking Member: Carl E. Mapes)
  • Invalid Pensions (Chairman: John Lesinski; Ranking Member: Charles D. Millard)
  • (Select) (Chairman: N/A)
  • Irrigation and Reclamation (Chairman: Compton I. White; Ranking Member: Fred A. Hartley Jr.)
  • Judiciary (Chairman: Hatton W. Sumners; Ranking Member: Ulysses S. Guyer)
  • Labor (Chairman: Mary Teresa Norton; Ranking Member: Richard J. Welch)
  • Library (Chairman: Kent E. Keller; Ranking Member: Allen T. Treadway)
  • Memorials (Chairman: Pete Jarman; Ranking Member: Frank Crowther)
  • Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chairman: S. Otis Bland; Ranking Member: Richard J. Welch)
  • Military Affairs (Chairman: Andrew J. May; Ranking Member: Walter G. Andrews)
  • Mines and Mining (Chairman: Joe L. Smith; Ranking Member: Harry Lane Englebright)
  • Naval Affairs (Chairman: Carl Vinson; Ranking Member: Charles D. Millard)
  • Patents (Chairman: William I. Sirovich; Ranking Member: Fred A. Hartley Jr.)
  • (Chairman: Allard H. Gasque; Ranking Member: Walter G. Andrews)
  • Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: James M. Mead; Ranking Member: Fred A. Hartley Jr.)
  • Printing (Chairman: J. Walter Lambeth; Ranking Member: Robert F. Rich)
  • Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Fritz G. Lanham; Ranking Member: J. Will Taylor)
  • Public Lands (Chairman: René L. De Rouen; Ranking Member: Harry Lane Englebright)
  • Revision of Laws (Chairman: Raymond J. Cannon; Ranking Member: Jesse P. Wolcott)
  • Rivers and Harbors (Chairman: Joseph J. Mansfield; Ranking Member: George N. Seger)
  • Roads (Chairman: Wilburn Cartwright; Ranking Member: Jesse P. Wolcott)
  • Rules (Chairman: John J. O'Connor; Ranking Member: Joseph W. Martin Jr.)
  • Standards of Official Conduct
  • Territories (Chairman: Robert A. Green; Ranking Member: Harry Lane Englebright)
  • War Claims (Chairman: Alfred Beiter; Ranking Member: Benjamin K. Focht)
  • Ways and Means (Chairman: Robert L. Doughton; Ranking Member: Allen T. Treadway)
  • (Chairman: John E. Rankin; Ranking Member: Edith Nourse Rogers)
  • Whole

Joint committees[]

  • Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
  • (Chairman: Sen. John H. Bankhead II)
  • The Library (Chairman: Sen. Alben W. Barkley)
  • Printing (Chairman: Sen. Carl Hayden; Vice Chairman: Rep. J. Walter Lambeth)
  • Taxation (Chairman: Sen. Pat Harrison; Vice Chairman: Rep. Robert L. Doughton)

Caucuses[]

  • Democratic (House)
  • Democratic (Senate)

Employees[]

Legislative branch agency directors[]

  • Architect of the Capitol: David Lynn[2]
  • Attending Physician of the United States Congress: George Calver
  • Librarian of Congress: Herbert Putnam
  • Public Printer of the United States: Augustus E. Giegengack

Senate[]

House of Representatives[]

  • Chaplain: James Shera Montgomery[2] (Methodist)
  • Clerk: South Trimble[2]
  • Doorkeeper: [2]
  • Parliamentarian: Lewis Deschler[2]
  • Postmaster: [2]
  • Reading Clerks: (D) and (R)
  • Sergeant at Arms: [2]

See also[]

  • United States elections, 1936 (elections leading to this Congress)
    • 1936 United States presidential election
    • United States Senate elections, 1936
    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1936
  • United States elections, 1938 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
    • United States Senate elections, 1938
    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1938

Notes[]

  1. ^ a b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.

References[]

  1. ^ Tom Stewart won a special election November 8, 1938. Although eligible and elected, did not "take his seat" as he preferred to remain as district attorney general. Nevertheless, his service begins when eligible and elected, not upon the taking of an oath.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Official Congressional Directory for the United States Congress. Washington: United States Government Printing Office. 1937. pp. 760.
  • House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 75th Congress (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 20, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
  • Official Congressional Directory for the 75th Congress, 1st Session.
  • Official Congressional Directory for the 75th Congress, 1st Session (Revision).
  • Official Congressional Directory for the 75th Congress, 3rd Session.
  • Official Congressional Directory for the 75th Congress, 3rd Session (Revision).
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