Texas's 7th congressional district

Texas's 7th congressional district
Texas's 7th congressional district.
Representative	Lizzie Fletcher D–Houston
Distribution	99.99% urban[1] 0.01% rural
Population (2019)	762,826[2]
Median household income	$73,730[2]
Ethnicity	43.9% White 30.1% Hispanic 13.1% Black 10.6% Asian 1.9% Two or more races 0.4% other
Cook PVI	D+1[3]

Texas's 7th congressional district of the United States House of Representatives comprises a small area of western Harris County. As of the 2000 census, the 7th district comprises 651,620 people. Since 2019, it has been represented by Democrat Lizzie Fletcher. One of the wealthiest districts in the state, the 7th district includes wealthy enclaves of western Houston, ten incorporated suburbs and large areas of unincorporated suburbs.

Election results from statewide races[]

Year	U.S. President	U.S. Senator[4]	Governor
2000	Bush (R): 70 – 26%	—	—
2004	Bush (R): 64 – 36%	—	—
2008	McCain (R): 59 – 40%	Cornyn (R): 59 – 39%	—
2012	Romney (R): 60 – 39%	Cruz (R): 60 – 38%	—
2014	—	Cornyn (R): 67 – 38%	Abbott (R): 61 – 39%
2016	Clinton (D): 49 – 47%	—	—
2018	—	O'Rourke (D): 53 – 46%	Abbott (R): 52 – 46%
2020	Biden (D): 54 – 45%	Hegar (D): 49.2 – 48.6%	—

Cities within the district[]

Cities wholly within the district[]

• Bellaire
• Bunker Hill Village
• Hedwig Village
• Hilshire Village
• Hunters Creek Village
• Jersey Village
• Piney Point Village
• Southside Place
• Spring Valley Village
• West University Place

Cities partially in the district[]

• Houston

History[]

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Texas received a seventh congressional district through reapportionment in 1881 as a result of population growth reflected in the 1880 Census and in 1883, Thomas P. Ochiltree, an Independent, was elected its first representative. From 1882 to 1902 the district was located in north central Texas and was represented by Wacoan Robert L. Henry. After the redistricting of 1902, the district shifted eastward and was represented by Congressmen from Palestine and Galveston. After 1952, the district again shifted to Waco. From 1885 to 1966, the seventh congressional district elected only Democratic representatives to Congress.

In 1966 the district, then represented by John Dowdy of Waco, was redrawn after the Supreme Court ruled in Wesberry v. Sanders two years earlier that congressional district populations had to be equal or close to equal in population. As a result, the old 7th essentially became the new 2nd district, while a new 7th was created in the western portion of Harris County, home to Houston. Previously, Harris County had been divided between the 8th and 22nd congressional districts. The new 7th stretched from downtown Houston through its fast-growing west side (including the Memorial Villages) out to what were then mostly rural western sections of Harris County including the Addicks and Barker reservoirs, the Katy Prairie and FM 1960. These were among the first areas of Greater Houston to turn Republican as Texas began to gradually shift towards the GOP.

The mid-decade redistricting resulted in the election of George H. W. Bush, a former Chairman of the Harris County Republican Party and the son of former Connecticut U.S. Senator Prescott Bush, and who unsuccessfully sought the state's Class 1 Senate seat against Democrat Ralph Yarborough in 1964. Bush would go on to hold the district for two terms before making an unsuccessful run for the United States Senate in 1970, losing to Lloyd Bentsen who defeated Yarborough in an upset in the Democratic primary. Bush would eventually go on to become Vice President under Ronald Reagan and in 1988 would be elected President. After losing the 1992 election to Bill Clinton, Bush would retire to the 7th where he continued to reside until his death in 2018.

Bush was succeeded by fellow Republican Bill Archer, who would go on to represent the district for 15 terms. Archer would never drop below 79% of the vote as the 7th district, now stretching from the prosperous west side of Houston, including such neighborhoods as River Oaks, Tanglewood, Briargrove, the Energy Corridor and the Memorial Villages, to fast-growing suburbs in the Cypress-Fairbanks and Katy areas and along FM 1960, became reckoned as the most Republican district in the Greater Houston area and arguably one of the most Republican districts in the nation. Archer would rise to prominence in 1994 following the Republican Revolution in which Republicans gained control of the House for the first time in 40 years, with Archer serving as chairman of the influential House Ways and Means Committee for his final three terms.

In 2000, Archer retired from Congress, leading to a highly competitive Republican primary - traditionally the real contest in the heavily Republican district. In the ensuing runoff, State Representative John Culberson, who represented much of the congressional district's western portion, defeated opponent Peter Wareing to win the Republican nomination. By 2002, the district was further reduced in size, now taking in the west side of Houston as well as much of the unincorporated vicinity of the Barker and Addicks reservoirs in west Houston.

Following a controversial 2004 mid-decade redistricting, the district lost Katy and the immediate Barker Reservoir, while also gaining some neighborhoods surrounding Jersey Village and (most penultimately) a southwest section of Houston that encompassed Rice University, the center-right inner suburbs of Bellaire and West University Place, the historically Jewish neighborhood of Meyerland and the historically liberal Montrose area. The latter portion made up the political base of freshman Democratic congressman Chris Bell's 25th district, and historically had not been associated with the 7th during Archer's tenure. While the 7th remained heavily Republican, its dominance was not as strong as in previous elections because of the redistricting. Meanwhile, the bulk of Bell's district had been renumbered as the 9th district and reconfigured as a majority-minority district. Instead of running against Culberson, Bell ran in the Democratic primary for the reconfigured 9th losing to Al Green. Meanwhile, Culberson would go on to win reelection in the 7th against a nominal Democratic challenger in 2004, and won again with under 60 percent of the vote in 2006 in what was considered a bad year for Republicans who lost control of the House for the first time in 12 years.

In 2008, Culberson defeated wind energy executive Michael Skelly to win a fifth term with 56 percent of the vote, despite being vastly outspent by the latter in a surprisingly competitive race–the first that the district had seen in four decades. He was likely helped by John McCain winning the district with 58 percent of the vote in the presidential election. Culberson would go on to win a sixth term in 2010 unopposed.

After the 2012 redistricting process, the 7th lost some of its territory to the adjacent 2nd district of Republican Ted Poe, losing a stretch of territory stretching from north of Jersey Village through Memorial Park to Rice University.^[5] In exchange, Culberson gained much of the Greater Katy area south of Interstate 10, as well as a stretch of middle-class suburban areas along the western edge of Highway 6 that had growing Hispanic populations, which also existed in the Sharpstown and Gulfton areas of southwest Houston that were also added to Culberson's district.

Despite the changes, Culberson continued to win reelection in his three successive elections, beating Democratic opponent James Cargas in three consecutive elections from 2012 to 2016. However, the district was one of 23 congressional districts that voted for Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton in 2016 after voting Mitt Romney in 2012, due in part to backlash from some constituents of Republican Donald Trump's campaign rhetoric and stances on such issues as trade and immigration. District residents' favoritism towards free trade and comprehensive immigration reform clashed with Trump's populist stances on these issues. Combined with demographic changes in parts of the district as well as the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey, which caused catastrophic damage to many parts of the district in 2017, some political analysts argued the district could be vulnerable to a Democratic takeover in a wave election.

In 2018, Culberson ran against corporate litigator Lizzie Fletcher, who prevailed out of a crowded and well-funded Democratic primary that gained national attention when supporters of Fletcher's primary runoff opponent, journalist and progressive activist Laura Moser, cried foul over the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee's supposed preference for Fletcher over Moser in the primary. Despite this controversy, Fletcher prevailed by a comfortable margin in the primary runoff later that May. The race was one of the most closely watched in the nation that year, with Fletcher consistently outraising Culberson throughout the general election. Despite Culberson's proactive leadership in the wake of Hurricane Harvey, Fletcher defeated Culberson to become the first Democrat to represent the district since its realignment as a Houston-based seat in 1966, as the 7th became one of 43 Republican seats (over 1/6th of the Republican conference) to flip Democratic in the 2018 election. Culberson held his own in his longtime base of west Houston and Memorial, areas that have been the district's core for its entire existence in its present configuration; he'd represented much of this area for over three decades at the state and federal levels. However, Fletcher swamped him in the portions of southwest Houston that were added in the 2004 redistricting, as well as in the Hispanic-plurality Bear Creek area near the Addicks Reservoir that was heavily affected by flooding from Harvey. As a measure of how Republican this district had historically been, Fletcher was only the fourth Democrat to even garner 40 percent of the vote in the district.

Fletcher was reelected in 2020 with 50 percent of the vote, likely helped by Joe Biden winning the district with 54 percent of the vote.

Today, the 7th district remains centered on the west side of Houston between Interstate 10 and Westheimer Road, stretching westward from Uptown through the Memorial area and its surrounding villages to the Energy Corridor, encompassing The Galleria, CityCentre and Memorial City Mall. The district also includes much of the Greater Katy area and the Barker Reservoir, the Buffalo Bayou watershed between Memorial Park and Katy, the communities of Jersey Village and Bellaire, and several neighborhoods along a five-mile-wide stretch of the western edge of Highway 6 (including the Bear Creek and Copperfield areas), as well as large portions of southwest Houston centered on the Meyerland, Sharpstown and Gulfton areas.

Until recently, the district tended to vote Republican, with a sizable Hispanic population largely concentrated in the areas along Highway 6 and in southwest Houston adding to the 45 percent Anglo plurality in the district.

List of members representing the district[]

Name	Party	Years	Cong ress	Electoral history	District location
District created March 4, 1883
Thomas P. Ochiltree (Galveston)	Independent	March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1885	48th	Elected in 1882. [data unknown/missing]	1883–1887 [data unknown/missing]
William H. Crain (Indianola)	Democratic	March 4, 1885 – March 3, 1893	49th 50th 51st 52nd	Elected in 1884. Re-elected in 1886. Re-elected in 1888. Re-elected in 1890. Redistricted to the 11th district.
					1887–1889 [data unknown/missing]
					1889–1893 [data unknown/missing]
George C. Pendleton (Temple)	Democratic	March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1897	53rd 54th	Elected in 1892. Re-elected in 1894. [data unknown/missing]	1893–1897 [data unknown/missing]
Robert L. Henry (Waco)	Democratic	March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1903	55th 56th 57th	Elected in 1896. Re-elected in 1898. Re-elected in 1900. Redistricted to the 11th district.	1897–1903 [data unknown/missing]
Alexander W. Gregg (Palestine)	Democratic	March 4, 1903 – March 3, 1919	58th 59th 60th 61st 62nd 63rd 64th 65th	Elected in 1902. Re-elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. Re-elected in 1908. Re-elected in 1910. Re-elected in 1912. Re-elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Retired.	1903–1911 [data unknown/missing]
					1911–1919 [data unknown/missing]
Clay Stone Briggs (Galveston)	Democratic	March 4, 1919 – April 29, 1933	66th 67th 68th 69th 70th 71st 72nd 73rd	Elected in 1918. Re-elected in 1920. Re-elected in 1922. Re-elected in 1924. Re-elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Re-elected in 1930. Re-elected in 1932. Died.	1919–1935 [data unknown/missing]
Vacant		April 29, 1933 – June 24, 1933	73rd
Clark W. Thompson (Galveston)	Democratic	June 24, 1933 – January 3, 1935		Elected to finish Briggs's term. Retired.
Nat Patton (Crockett)	Democratic	January 3, 1935 – January 3, 1945	74th 75th 76th 77th 78th	Elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. Re-elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Re-elected in 1942. Lost renomination.	1935–1959 [data unknown/missing]
Tom Pickett (Palestine)	Democratic	January 3, 1945 – June 30, 1952	79th 80th 81st 82nd	Re-elected in 1944. Re-elected in 1946. Re-elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Resigned to become Vice President of the National Coal Association.
Vacant		June 30, 1952 – September 23, 1952	82nd
John Dowdy (Waco)	Democratic	September 23, 1952 – January 3, 1967	82nd 83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th 88th 89th	Elected to finish Pickett's term. Re-elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Re-elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Redistricted to the 2nd district.
					1959–1967 [data unknown/missing]
George H. W. Bush (Houston)	Republican	January 3, 1967 – January 3, 1971	90th 91st	Elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Retired to run for U.S. Senator.	1967–1973 [data unknown/missing]
Bill Archer (Houston)	Republican	January 3, 1971 – January 3, 2001	92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th 98th 99th 100th 101st 102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th	Elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Retired.
					1973–1975 [data unknown/missing]
					1975–1983 [data unknown/missing]
					1983–1985 [data unknown/missing]
					1985–1993 [data unknown/missing]
					1993–1997 [data unknown/missing]
					1997–2003 Harris
John Culberson (Houston)	Republican	January 3, 2001 – January 3, 2019	107th 108th 109th 110th 111th 112th 113th 114th 115th	Elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Lost re-election.
					2003–2005 Harris
					2005–2013 Harris
					2013–present Harris
Lizzie Fletcher (Houston)	Democratic	January 3, 2019 – present	116th 117th	Elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020.

Recent election results[]

2004[]

United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2004: District 7

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	John Culberson (incumbent)	175,440	64.1	-25.1
	Democratic	John Martinez	91,126	33.3
	Independent	Paul Staton	3,713	1.4
	Libertarian	Drew Parks	3,372	1.2	-9.5
Majority			84,314	30.8
Turnout			273,651
	Republican hold		Swing	-29.2

2006[]

United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2006: District 7

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	John Culberson (incumbent)	99,318	59.2	-4.9
	Democratic	Jim Henley	64,514	38.5	+5.2
	Libertarian	Drew Parks	3,953	2.4	+1.2
Majority
Turnout			167,785
	Republican hold		Swing

2008[]

United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2008: District 7

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	John Culberson (incumbent)	162,205	55.9	-3.3
	Democratic	Michael Skelly	122,832	42.3	+3.8
	Libertarian	Drew Parks	5,036	1.7	-0.7
Majority
Turnout			290,073
	Republican hold		Swing

2010[]

United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2010: District 7

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	John Culberson (incumbent)	143,665	81.9	+26
	Libertarian	Bob Townsend	31,704	18.1	+16.4
Majority
Turnout			175,369
	Republican hold		Swing

2012[]

United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2012: District 7

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	John Culberson (incumbent)	142,477	60.8	-21.1
	Democratic	James Cargas	85,253	36.4
	Libertarian	Drew Parks	4,654	2	-16.1
	Green	Lance Findley	1,811	0.8
Majority
Turnout			234,195
	Republican hold		Swing

2014[]

United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2014: District 7

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	John Culberson (incumbent)	90,606	63.3	2.5
	Democratic	James Cargas	49,478	34.5	-1.9
	Libertarian	Gerald Fowler	4,654	2.2
Majority
Turnout			143,219	39.05
	Republican hold		Swing

2016[]

United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2016: District 7

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	John Culberson (incumbent)	143,542	56.17	-7.13
	Democratic	James Cargas	111,991	43.83	+9.33
Majority
Turnout			264,267	67.04	27.99
	Republican hold		Swing

2018[]

United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2018: District 7

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Lizzie Pannill Fletcher	127,959	52.5
	Republican	John Culberson (incumbent)	115,642	47.5
Total votes			243,601	100.0
	Democratic gain from Republican

2020[]

United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2020: District 7

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Lizzie Pannill Fletcher (incumbent)	158,019	50.76	-1.77
	Republican	Wesley Hunt	147,802	47.47	0
	Libertarian	Shawn Kelly	5,514	1.77	+1.77
Majority			10,217	3.29	-1.77
Turnout			311,335
	Democratic hold		Swing

See also[]

• List of United States congressional districts

References[]

Citations[]

Sources[]

Coordinates: 29°43′27″N 95°30′01″W / 29.72417°N 95.50028°W / 29.72417; -95.50028