83rd United States Congress
83rd United States Congress | |
---|---|
82nd ← → 84th | |
![]() United States Capitol (1956) | |
January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1955 | |
Members | 96 senators 435 representatives 3 non-voting delegates |
Senate Majority | Republican |
Senate President | Alben W. Barkley (D) (until January 20, 1953) Richard Nixon (R) (from January 20, 1953) |
House Majority | Republican |
House Speaker | Joseph W. Martin Jr. (R) |
Sessions | |
1st: January 3, 1953 – August 3, 1953 2nd: January 6, 1954 – December 2, 1954 |
The 83rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1953, until January 3, 1955, during the last two weeks of the Truman administration, with the remainder spanning the first two years of Dwight Eisenhower's presidency. It was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The apportionment of seats in the House was based on the 1950 U.S. Census.
The Republicans gained the majority in both chambers, winning back full control of Congress for the first time since the 80th Congress in 1947, and with Dwight Eisenhower being sworn in as President on January 20, 1953, this gave the Republicans an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 71st Congress in 1929. Moreover, Republican trifecta only existed on 107th Congress from January 20, 2001 to June 6, 2001 when Vermont Senator Jim Jeffords switched from Republican to Independent.
Major events[]
- January 20, 1953: Dwight Eisenhower is sworn in as President of the United States in his first inauguration[1]
- March 1, 1954: U.S. Capitol shooting incident[2][3]
- December 2, 1954: Joseph McCarthy is censured by the U.S. Senate[4]
Major legislation[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/EisenhowerAtomicEnergyAct.jpg/275px-EisenhowerAtomicEnergyAct.jpg)
- July 3, 1953: Small Business Act, Pub.L. 83–163, ch. 282, 67 Stat. 232
- August 7, 1953: Refugee Relief Act, Pub.L. 83–203
- August 7, 1953: Submerged Lands Act, ch. 345, 67 Stat. 462
- August 14, 1953: Public Law 280, Pub.L. 83–280, 18 U.S.C. § 1162
- May 13, 1954: Saint Lawrence Seaway Act, ch. 201, 68 Stat. 92
- August 12, 1954: Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act, ch. 649, title II, §201, 68 Stat. 612
- August 13, 1954: , ch. 730, 68 Stat. 708
- August 16, 1954: Internal Revenue Code of 1954, Pub.L. 83–591, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 3
- Federal Unemployment Tax Act, §1(d), 68A Stat. 439
- National Firearms Act, §1(d), 68A Stat. 721
- August 24, 1954: Communist Control Act of 1954, ch. 886, 68 Stat. 775
- August 30, 1954: Atomic Energy Act of 1954, 68 Stat. 919
- 1954: Agricultural Act of 1954
- 1954:
Party summary[]
Senate[]
Party (shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic (D) |
Independent (I) | Republican (R) |
|||
End of previous congress | 47 | 0 | 48 | 95 | 1 |
Begin | 47 | 1 | 48 | 96 | 0 |
End | |||||
Final voting share | 49.0% | 1.0% | 50.0% | ||
Beginning of next congress | 48 | 1 | 47 | 96 | 0 |
House of Representatives[]
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
|
Total | Vacant | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Independent | Republican | |||
End of previous Congress | 228 | 1 | 198 | 427 | 8 |
Begin | 211 | 1 | 221 | 433 | 2 |
End | 212 | 213 | 426 | 9 | |
Beginning of next Congress | 231 | 0 | 203 | 434 | 1 |
Leadership[]
Senate[]
- President: Alben W. Barkley (D), until January 20, 1953
- Richard Nixon (R), from January 20, 1953
- President pro tempore: Styles Bridges (R)
Majority (Republican) leadership[]
- Majority Leader: Robert A. Taft, until July 31, 1953 (died)
- William Knowland, from August 3, 1953
- Majority Whip: Leverett Saltonstall
- Republican Conference Chairman: Eugene Millikin
- Republican Conference Secretary: Milton Young
- National Senatorial Committee Chair: Everett Dirksen
- Policy Committee Chairman: Homer S. Ferguson
Minority (Democratic) leadership[]
- Minority Leader and Conference Chairman: Lyndon B. Johnson
- Minority Whip: Earle Clements
- Democratic Caucus Secretary: Thomas C. Hennings Jr.
House of Representatives[]
- Speaker: Joseph W. Martin Jr. (R)
Majority (Republican) leadership[]
- Majority Leader: Charles A. Halleck
- Majority Whip: Leslie C. Arends
- Republican Conference Chairman: Clifford R. Hope
- Policy Committee Chairman: Joseph W. Martin Jr.
- Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Richard M. Simpson
Minority (Democratic) leadership[]
- Minority Leader: Sam Rayburn
- Minority Whip: John W. McCormack
- Democratic Caucus Chairman: Wilbur Mills
- Democratic Caucus Secretary: Edna F. Kelly
- Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Michael J. Kirwan
Caucuses[]
- House Democratic Caucus
- Senate Democratic Caucus
Members[]
Senate[]
Senators are popularly elected statewide every six years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Within each state, senators are listed in order of seniority. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election, In this Congress, Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1954; Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1956; and Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1958.
Alabama[]
Arizona[]
Arkansas[]
California[]
Colorado[]
Connecticut[]
Delaware[]
Florida[]
Georgia[]
Idaho[]
Illinois[]
Indiana[]
Iowa[]
Kansas[]
Kentucky[]
Louisiana[]
Maine[]
Maryland[]
Massachusetts[]
Michigan[]
Minnesota[]
Mississippi[]
Missouri[]
Montana[]
Nebraska[]
|
Nevada[]
New Hampshire[]
New Jersey[]
New Mexico[]
New York[]
North Carolina[]
North Dakota[]
Ohio[]
Oklahoma[]
Oregon[]
Pennsylvania[]
Rhode Island[]
South Carolina[]
South Dakota[]
Tennessee[]
Texas[]
Utah[]
Vermont[]
Virginia[]
Washington[]
West Virginia[]
Wisconsin[]
Wyoming[]
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![]() Senators' party membership by state at the opening of the 83rd Congress in January 1953 2 Democrats 1 Democrat and 1 Republican 2 Republicans 1 Independent and 1 Republican
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House of Representatives[]
Alabama[]
Arizona[]Arkansas[]
California[]
Colorado[]Connecticut[]
Delaware[]
Florida[]
Georgia[]
Idaho[]Illinois[]
Indiana[]
Iowa[]
Kansas[]
Kentucky[]
Louisiana[]
Maine[]Maryland[]
Massachusetts[]
Michigan[]
Minnesota[]
Mississippi[]
Missouri[]
Montana[]
Nebraska[]
|
Nevada[]
New Hampshire[]New Jersey[]
New Mexico[]
New York[]
North Carolina[]
North Dakota[]Ohio[]
Oklahoma[]
Oregon[]Pennsylvania[]
Rhode Island[]South Carolina[]
South Dakota[]Tennessee[]
Texas[]
Utah[]Vermont[]
Virginia[]
Washington[]
West Virginia[]
Wisconsin[]
Wyoming[]
Non-voting members[]
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Changes in membership[]
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.
Senate[]
State (class) |
Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[a] |
---|---|---|---|---|
North Carolina (2) |
Willis Smith (D) | Died June 26, 1953. Successor appointed July 10, 1953. |
Alton Lennon (D) | July 10, 1953 |
New Hampshire (3) |
Charles W. Tobey (R) | Died July 24, 1953. Successor appointed August 14, 1953. |
Robert W. Upton (R) | August 14, 1953 |
Ohio (3) |
Robert A. Taft (R) | Died July 31, 1953. Successor appointed November 10, 1953. |
Thomas A. Burke (D) | November 10, 1953 |
Nebraska (2) |
Dwight Griswold (R) | Died April 12, 1954. Successor appointed April 16, 1954. |
Eva Bowring (R) | April 16, 1954 |
North Carolina (3) |
Clyde R. Hoey (D) | Died May 12, 1954. Successor appointed May 12, 1954 and then elected November 2, 1954. |
Sam Ervin (D) | June 5, 1954 |
Wyoming (2) |
Lester C. Hunt (D) | Died June 19, 1954. Successor appointed June 24, 1954. |
Edward D. Crippa (R) | June 24, 1954 |
Nebraska (1) |
Hugh A. Butler (R) | Died July 1, 1954. Successor appointed July 3, 1954. |
Samuel W. Reynolds (R) | July 3, 1954 |
South Carolina (2) |
Burnet R. Maybank (D) | Died September 1, 1954. Successor appointed September 6, 1954. |
Charles E. Daniel (D) | September 6, 1954 |
Nevada (3) |
Pat McCarran (D) | Died September 28, 1954. Successor appointed October 1, 1954. |
Ernest S. Brown (R) | October 1, 1954 |
Nebraska (1) |
Samuel W. Reynolds (R) | Did not run in the special election to fill seat. Successor elected November 2, 1954. |
Roman Hruska (R) | November 8, 1954 |
Nebraska (2) |
Eva Bowring (R) | Did not run in the special election to fill seat. Successor elected November 2, 1954. |
Hazel Abel (R) | November 8, 1954 |
New Hampshire (3) |
Robert W. Upton (R) | Lost special election to fill seat. Successor elected November 2, 1954. |
Norris Cotton (R) | November 8, 1954 |
North Carolina (2) |
Alton Lennon (D) | Lost special election to fill seat. Successor elected November 2, 1954. |
W. Kerr Scott (D) | November 29, 1954 |
Wyoming (2) |
Edward D. Crippa (R) | Did not run in the special election to fill seat. Successor elected November 2, 1954. |
Joseph C. O'Mahoney (D) | November 29, 1954 |
Nevada (3) |
Ernest S. Brown (R) | Lost special election to fill seat. Successor elected November 2, 1954. |
Alan Bible (D) | December 2, 1954 |
Ohio (3) |
Thomas A. Burke (D) | Lost special election to fill seat. Successor elected November 2, 1954. |
George H. Bender (R) | December 16, 1954 |
South Carolina (2) |
Charles E. Daniel (D) | Resigned December 23, 1954. Successor appointed December 24, 1954. |
Strom Thurmond (D) | December 24, 1954 |
Nebraska (2) |
Hazel Abel (R) | Resigned December 31, 1954. Successor was appointed January 1, 1955. |
Carl Curtis (R) | January 1, 1955 |
House of Representatives[]
District | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[a] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Georgia 2nd | Vacant | Rep. Edward E. Cox died during previous congress | J. L. Pilcher (D) | February 4, 1953 |
Illinois 7th | Vacant | Rep. Adolph J. Sabath died during previous congress | James Bowler (D) | July 7, 1953 |
Virginia 5th | Thomas B. Stanley (D) | Resigned February 3, 1953, to run for Governor of Virginia | William M. Tuck (D) | April 14, 1953 |
South Carolina 4th | Joseph R. Bryson (D) | Died March 10, 1953 | Robert T. Ashmore (D) | June 2, 1953 |
Kentucky 2nd | Garrett Withers (D) | Died April 30, 1953 | William Natcher (D) | August 1, 1953 |
Wisconsin 9th | Merlin Hull (R) | Died May 17, 1953 | Lester Johnson (D) | October 13, 1953 |
California 24th | Norris Poulson (R) | Resigned June 11, 1953, after being elected Mayor of Los Angeles | Glenard P. Lipscomb (R) | November 10, 1953 |
New Jersey 6th | Clifford P. Case (R) | Resigned August 16, 1953 | Harrison A. Williams (D) | November 3, 1953 |
Hawaii Territory at-large | Joseph Rider Farrington (R) | Died June 19, 1954 | Mary Elizabeth Pruett Farrington (R) | August 4, 1954 |
New York 8th | Louis B. Heller (D) | Resigned July 21, 1954, after being appointed judge of the Court of Special Sessions of New York City | Vacant | Not filled this term |
Georgia 4th | Albert Sidney Camp (D) | Died July 24, 1954 | John Flynt (D) | November 2, 1954 |
Michigan 3rd | Paul W. Shafer (R) | Died August 17, 1954 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
Ohio 15th | Robert T. Secrest (D) | Resigned September 26, 1954 | ||
New Hampshire 2nd | Norris Cotton (R) | Resigned November 7, 1954, after being elected to the U.S. Senate | ||
Nebraska 2nd | Roman Hruska (R) | Resigned November 8, 1954, after being elected to the U.S. Senate | ||
Florida 6th | Dwight L. Rogers (D) | Died December 1, 1954 | ||
Ohio 15th | George H. Bender (R) | Resigned December 15, 1954, after being elected to the U.S. Senate | ||
Nebraska 1st | Carl Curtis (R) | Resigned December 31, 1954, after being elected to the U.S. Senate | ||
New York 21st | Jacob Javits (R) | Resigned December 31, 1954, after being elected |
Committees[]
Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (2 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
Senate[]
- Agriculture and Forestry (Chairman: George D. Aiken; Ranking Member: Allen J. Ellender)
- Appropriations (Chairman: Styles Bridges; Ranking Member: Carl Hayden)
- Armed Services (Chairman: Leverett Saltonstall; Ranking Member: Richard B. Russell)
- Banking and Currency (Chairman: Homer E. Capehart; Ranking Member: Burnet R. Maybank)
- Censure Charges against Senator McCarthy (Select) (Chairman:[data unknown/missing]; Ranking Member:[data unknown/missing])
- (Select) (Chairman:[data unknown/missing]; Ranking Member:[data unknown/missing])
- District of Columbia (Chairman: Francis Case; Ranking Member: Matthew M. Neely)
- Finance (Chairman: Eugene D. Millikin; Ranking Member: Walter F. George)
- Foreign Relations (Chairman: Alexander Wiley; Ranking Member: Walter F. George)
- Government Operations (Chairman: Joseph R. McCarthy; Ranking Member: James E. Murray)
- Interior and Insular Affairs (Chairman: Hugh Butler; Ranking Member: John L. McClellan)
- Interstate and Foreign Commerce (Chairman: Charles W. Tobey; Ranking Member: Edwin C. Johnson)
- Judiciary (Chairman: William Langer; Ranking Member: Pat McCarran)
- Labor and Public Welfare (Chairman: H. Alexander Smith; Ranking Member: James E. Murray)
- (Special) (Chairman:[data unknown/missing]; Ranking Member:[data unknown/missing])
- Post Office and Civil Service (Chairman: Frank Carlson; Ranking Member: Olin D. Johnston)
- Public Works (Chairman: Edward Martin; Ranking Member: Dennis Chavez)
- Rules and Administration (Chairman: William E. Jenner; Ranking Member: Carl Hayden)
- Small Business (Select) (Chairman: Edward J. Thye)
- Whole
House of Representatives[]
- Agriculture (Chairman: Clifford R. Hope; Ranking Member: Carl Vinson)
- Appropriations (Chairman: John Taber; Ranking Member: Brent Spence)
- Armed Services (Chairman: Dewey Jackson Short; Ranking Member: John L. McMillan)
- Banking and Currency (Chairman: Jesse P. Wolcott; Ranking Member: Brent Spence)
- Communist Aggression (Select) (Chairman: Charles J. Kersten)
- (Select) (Chairman:[data unknown/missing])
- District of Columbia (Chairman: Sid Simpson; Ranking Member: John L. McMillan)
- Education and Labor (Chairman: Samuel K. McConnell Jr.; Ranking Member: Graham A. Barden)
- Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Robert B. Chiperfield; Ranking Member: James P. Richards)
- House Administration (Chairman: Karl M. LeCompte; Ranking Member: Omar Burleson)
- Investigate the Incorporation of the Baltic States into the U.S.S.R. (Select) (Chairman:[data unknown/missing]; Ranking Member:[data unknown/missing])
- Interior and Insular Affairs (Chairman: Arthur L. Miller; Ranking Member: Clair Engle)
- Interstate and Foreign Commerce (Chairman: Charles A. Wolverton; Ranking Member: Robert Crosser)
- Government Operations (Chairman: Clare E. Hoffman; Ranking Member: William L. Dawson)
- Judiciary (Chairman: Chauncey W. Reed; Ranking Member: Emanuel Celler)
- Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chairman: Alvin F. Weichel; Ranking Member: Edward J. Hart)
- Post Office and Civil Service (Chairman: Edward H. Rees; Ranking Member: Tom J. Murray)
- Public Works (Chairman: George Anthony Dondero; Ranking Member: Charles A. Buckley)
- Rules (Chairman: Leo E. Allen; Ranking Member: Howard W. Smith)
- (Select) (Chairman: William S. Hill)
- Standards of Official Conduct
- (Select) (Chairman: N/A; Ranking Member: N/A)
- Un-American Activities (Chairman: Harold H. Velde; Ranking Member: Francis E. Walter)
- Veterans' Affairs (Chairman: Edith Nourse Rogers; Ranking Member: Olin E. Teague)
- Ways and Means (Chairman: Daniel A. Reed; Ranking Member: Jere Cooper)
- Whole
Joint committees[]
- Atomic Energy
- Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
- Economic (Chairman: Rep. Jesse P. Wolcott; Vice Chairman: Sen. Ralph Flanders)
- (Chairman: Sen. Arthur V. Watkins; Vice Chairman: Rep. Louis E. Graham)
- The Library
- Printing (Chairman: Sen. William E. Jenner; Vice Chairman: Rep. Karl M. LeCompte)
- (Chairman: Sen. Harry F. Byrd; Vice Chairman: Rep. Daniel A. Reed)
- Taxation (Chairman: Rep. Daniel A. Reed; Vice Chairman: Sen. Eugene D. Millikin)
Employees[]
Legislative branch agency directors[]
- Architect of the Capitol: David Lynn (January 3, 1953 – September 30, 1954); J. George Stewart (September 30, 1954 – January 3, 1955)
- Attending Physician of the United States Congress: George Calver
- Comptroller General of the United States: Lindsay C. Warren, until April 30, 1954
- Joseph Campbell, from December 14, 1954
- Librarian of Congress: Luther H. Evans, until 1953
- Lawrence Quincy Mumford, from 1954
- Public Printer of the United States: John J. Deviny, until 1953
- Raymond Blattenberger, from 1953
Senate[]
- Chaplain: Frederick Brown Harris (Methodist)
- Parliamentarian:
- Secretary:
- Librarian: , until 1954
- (acting), from 1954
- :
- :
- Sergeant at Arms: Forest A. Harness
House of Representatives[]
- Chaplain: Bernard Braskamp (Presbyterian)
- Clerk:
- Doorkeeper:
- Parliamentarian: Lewis Deschler
- Postmaster:
- Reading Clerks: (D) and (R)
- Sergeant at Arms: William F. Russell, died July 7, 1953
- , July 8, 1953 – September 15, 1953
- , starting September 15, 1953
See also[]
- 1952 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
- 1952 United States presidential election
- 1952 United States Senate elections
- 1952 United States House of Representatives elections
- 1954 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
- 1954 United States Senate elections
- 1954 United States House of Representatives elections
Notes[]
References[]
- ^ "Eisenhower Presidential Library". www.eisenhower.archives.gov. Archived from the original on April 1, 2015. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
- ^ "1954 Shooting | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives". history.house.gov. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
- ^ Network, The Learning. "March 1, 1954 | Puerto Rican Nationalists Open Fire on House of Representatives". The Learning Network. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
- ^ "U.S. Senate: The Censure Case of Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin (1954)". www.senate.gov. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
External links[]
- House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 83rd Congress (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 20, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
- Official Congressional Directory for the 83rd Congress, 1st Session.
- Official Congressional Directory for the 83rd Congress, 2nd Session.
- Pocket Congressional Directory for the 83rd Congress.
- 83rd United States Congress