22nd United States Congress

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22nd United States Congress
21st ←
→ 23rd
USCapitol1827A.gif
United States Capitol (1827)
March 4, 1831 – March 4, 1833
Members48 senators
213 representatives
3 non-voting delegates
Senate MajorityJacksonian
Senate PresidentJohn C. Calhoun (J)
(until December 28, 1832)
Vacant
(from December 28, 1832)
House MajorityJacksonian
House SpeakerAndrew Stevenson (J)
Sessions
1st: December 5, 1831 – July 16, 1832
2nd: December 3, 1832 – March 2, 1833

The 22nd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1831, to March 4, 1833, during the third and fourth years of Andrew Jackson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. Both chambers had a Jacksonian majority.

Major events[]

Main articles: 1831 in the United States, 1832 in the United States, and 1833 in the United States
  • December 28, 1832: Vice President John C. Calhoun resigned. The first Vice President of the United States to do so.
  • Nullification Crisis

Major legislation[]

Main article: Major legislation: 22nd United States Congress
  • July 14, 1832: Tariff of 1832, ch. 227, 4 Stat. 583
  • March 2, 1833: Tariff of 1833 (Compromise Tariff), ch. 55, 4 Stat. 629
  • March 2, 1833: Force Bill, ch. 57, 4 Stat. 632

Party summary[]

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate[]

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
National
Republican
(NR) 		Jacksonian
(J)		Nullifier
(N)
End of previous congress 22 25 0 47 1
Begin 20 24 2 46 2
End 22 1 471
Final voting share 46.8% 51.1% 2.1%
Beginning of next congress 25 20 1 46 2

House of Representatives[]

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
National
Republican
(NR) 		Anti-
Masonic
(AM)		Jacksonian
(J)		Nullifier
(N)
End of previous congress 72 6 134 0 212 1
Begin 65 16 127 4 212 1
End 63 17 128
Final voting share 29.7% 8.0% 60.4% 1.9%
Beginning of next congress 62 25 144 9 240 0

Leadership[]

President of the Senate
John C. Calhoun

Senate[]

  • President: John C. Calhoun (J), resigned December 28, 1832; thereafter vacant.
  • President pro tempore: Samuel Smith (J), first elected December 5, 1831
    • Littleton W. Tazewell (J), elected July 9, 1832
    • Hugh Lawson White (J), elected December 3, 1832

House of Representatives[]

  • Speaker: Andrew Stevenson (J)

Members[]

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate[]

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1832; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1834; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1836.

House of Representatives[]

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Changes in membership[]

These counts reflect changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate[]

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate
  • Replacements: 7
    • Jacksonians: no net change
    • National Republicans: no net change
    • Nullifiers: no net change
  • Deaths: 0
  • Resignations: 7
  • Interim appointments: 1
  • Total seats with changes: 9
State
(class) 		Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[a]
Indiana
(1) 		Vacant James Noble had died February 26, 1831, in the previous Congress.
Successor appointed August 19, 1831. 		Robert Hanna (NR) Installed August 19, 1831
Kentucky
(3) 		Vacant Legislature elected late November 10, 1831. Henry Clay (NR) Installed November 10, 1831
Louisiana
(2) 		Edward Livingston (J) Resigned May 24, 1831, after being appointed U.S. Secretary of State.
Successor elected November 15, 1831. 		George A. Waggaman (NR) Installed November 15, 1831
Pennsylvania
(1) 		Isaac D. Barnard (J) Resigned December 6, 1831, due to ill health.
Successor elected December 13, 1831. 		George M. Dallas (J) Installed December 13, 1831
Indiana
(1) 		Robert Hanna (NR) Appointee retired when elected successor qualified.
Successor elected January 3, 1832. 		John Tipton (J) Installed January 3, 1832
Mississippi
(1) 		Powhatan Ellis (J) Resigned July 16, 1832, after being appointed U.S. District Judge.
Successor appointed November 12, 1832, to finish the term. 		John Black (J) Installed November 12, 1832
Virginia
(2) 		Littleton Waller Tazewell (J) Resigned July 16, 1832.
Successor elected December 10, 1832. 		William C. Rives (J) Installed December 10, 1832
South Carolina
(2) 		Robert Y. Hayne (N) Resigned December 13, 1832, to become Governor of South Carolina.
Successor elected December 29, 1832. 		John C. Calhoun (N) Installed December 29, 1832
New York
(3) 		William L. Marcy (J) Resigned January 1, 1833, after becoming Governor of New York.
Successor elected January 14, 1833. 		Silas Wright (J) Installed January 4, 1833
South Carolina
(3) 		Stephen D. Miller (N) Resigned March 2, 1833, due to ill health. Vacant Not filled this term

House of Representatives[]

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives
  • Replacements: 9
    • Jacksonians: 1-seat net gain
    • National Republicans: 2-seat net loss
    • Anti-Masonics: 1-seat net gain
  • Deaths: 8
  • Resignations: 2
  • Contested election: 0
  • Total seats with changes: 11
District Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[a]
North Carolina 2nd Vacant Vacancy in term John Branch (J) Seated May 12, 1831
Georgia at-large Wilson Lumpkin (J) Resigned some time in 1831 before the convening of Congress Augustin S. Clayton (J) Seated January 21, 1832
Vermont 2nd Rollin C. Mallary (NR) Died April 15, 1831 William Slade (AM) Seated November 1, 1831
Missouri at-large Spencer D. Pettis (NR) Died August 28, 1831 William H. Ashley (NR) Seated October 31, 1831
Pennsylvania 11th William Ramsey (J) Died September 29, 1831 Robert McCoy (J) Seated November 22, 1831
North Carolina 6th Robert Potter (J) Resigned November ????, 1831 Micajah T. Hawkins (J) Seated December 15, 1831
Vermont 1st Jonathan Hunt (NR) Died May 15, 1832.
A special election was held and a new member elected January 1, 1833 on the fourth ballot. 		Hiland Hall (NR) Seated January 21, 1833
Virginia 22nd Charles C. Johnston (J) Died June 17, 1832 Joseph Draper (J) Seated December 6, 1832
Maryland 6th George E. Mitchell (J) Died June 28, 1832 Charles S. Sewall (J) Seated October 1, 1832
Virginia 18th Philip Doddridge (NR) Died November 19, 1832 Joseph Johnson (J) Seated January 21, 1833
New York 1st James Lent (J) Died February 22, 1833 Vacant Not filled this Congress

Committees[]

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate[]

  • (Select)
  • Agriculture (Chairman: Horatio Seymour)
  • (Select)
  • Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Nehemiah Knight)
  • Claims (Chairman: Benjamin Ruggles)
  • Commerce (Chairman: John Forsyth then William R. King)
  • (Select)
  • District of Columbia (Chairman: Ezekiel F. Chambers)
  • (Select)
  • Engrossed Bills (Chairman: John M. Robinson then Asher Robbins)
  • Finance (Chairman: Samuel Smith then John Forsyth)
  • Foreign Relations (Chairman: Littleton Tazewell then John Forsyth)
  • (Select)
  • Impeachment of James H. Peck (Select)
  • Indian Affairs (Chairman: Hugh Lawson White then George M. Troup)
  • Judiciary (Chairman: William L. Marcy then William Wilkins)
  • Manufactures (Chairman: Mahlon Dickerson)
  • (Select)
  • (Select)
  • Military Affairs (Chairman: Thomas Hart Benton)
  • Militia (Chairman: Isaac Barnard)
  • Naval Affairs (Chairman: Robert Y. Hayne)
  • Nomination of Amos Kendall (Select)
  • Pensions (Chairman: Samuel A. Foot)
  • (Select)
  • Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: George M. Bibb)
  • Private Land Claims (Chairman: Elias Kane)
  • Public Lands (Chairman: William R. King then Elias Kane)
  • (Select) (Chairman: William Hendricks)
  • Tariff Regulation (Select)
  • Whole

House of Representatives[]

  • Accounts (Chairman: N/A)
  • Agriculture (Chairman: Erastus Root)
  • (Select)
  • Claims (Chairman: N/A)
  • Commerce (Chairman: N/A)
  • District of Columbia (Chairman: N/A)
  • Elections (Chairman: N/A)
  • (Select)
  • Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: N/A)
  • Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: N/A)
  • Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: N/A)
  • Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: N/A)
  • Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: N/A)
  • Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: N/A)
  • Foreign Affairs (Chairman: William S. Archer)
  • Indian Affairs (Chairman: N/A)
  • Judiciary (Chairman: Warren R. Davis then John Bell)
  • Manufactures (Chairman: Michael Hoffman)
  • Military Affairs (Chairman: N/A)
  • Naval Affairs (Chairman: N/A)
  • Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Richard M. Johnson then Henry W. Connor)
  • Public Expenditures (Chairman: N/A)
  • Public Lands (Chairman: Charles A. Wickliffe)
  • Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: N/A)
  • Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: N/A)
  • Revolutionary Pensions (Chairman: N/A)
  • Rules (Select)
  • Standards of Official Conduct (Chairman: N/A)
  • Territories (Chairman: N/A)
  • Ways and Means (Chairman: George McDuffie then Gulian C. Verplanck)
  • Whole

Joint committees[]

  • Enrolled Bills
  • The Library

Employees[]

  • Librarian of Congress: John Silva Meehan

Senate[]

  • Chaplain: Henry V. Johns (Episcopal), until December 19, 1831
    • John P. Durbin (Methodist), elected December 19, 1831
    • Charles C. Pise (Roman Catholic), elected December 11, 1832
  • Secretary: Walter Lowrie
  • Sergeant at Arms:

House of Representatives[]

  • Chaplain: Ralph R. Gurley (Presbyterian), until December 13, 1831
    • Reuben Post (Presbyterian) elected December 13, 1831
    • William Hammett (Presbyterian), elected December 12, 1832
  • Clerk: Matthew St. Clair Clarke
  • Doorkeeper: , elected December 5, 1831
  • Reading Clerks:[data unknown/missing]
  • Sergeant at Arms:

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ a b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.

References[]

  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

External links[]

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