Louisiana's 2nd congressional district

Louisiana's 2nd congressional district
Louisiana's 2nd congressional district since January 3, 2013
Representative	Troy Carter D–New Orleans
Distribution	94.68% urban[1] 5.42% rural
Population (2019)	788,021[2]
Median household income	$44,124[2]
Ethnicity	62.2% Black 28.1% White 5.4% Hispanic 2.6% Asian 1.3% Two or more races 0.4% other
Cook PVI	D+25[3]

Louisiana's 2nd congressional district contains nearly all of the city of New Orleans and stretches west and north to Baton Rouge. The district is currently represented by Democrat Troy Carter. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of D+25, it is the only Democratic district in Louisiana.^[3]

History[]

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Louisiana gained a second district in 1823 as part of the 18th United States Congress. At first it comprised New Orleans and significant populations from surrounding areas. With the growth of population in the urban area, the current district is located mostly within the city of New Orleans.

Since the late 19th century, this has been historically among the most safely Democratic seats in the country, for sharply opposing reasons. During Reconstruction, most African Americans affiliated with the Republican Party and, as a majority, elected Republicans from this district.

White Democrats regained control of the district in 1891, when voter suppression of Republicans was rampant. In 1898 the Democratic-dominated state legislature had disenfranchised most blacks in the state through provisions of a new state constitution that raised barriers to voter registration, such as poll taxes and subjective literacy tests. The Democrats had maintained the political exclusion of blacks for decades. Like most congressional districts in the South, this district consistently voted Democratic from the late 19th century until the late 1960s, because the voters during that time were nearly all white Democrats. Such Democrats created what was known as the Solid South in Congress, exercising power beyond their proportion of the electorate.

From the 1960s onward, however, white conservatives began splitting their tickets and voting Republican, gradually switching outright to the GOP. At the same time, black voters regained the franchise and lent their support to Democrats. Since 1984, the district has been drawn as a black-majority district.

In 2008, after a federal grand jury indicted nine-term incumbent congressman William J. Jefferson on sixteen felony charges related to corruption the year prior, Joseph Cao was elected as the first Republican to represent the 2nd congressional district and most of New Orleans in more than a century. Cao was the first Vietnamese-American U.S. Representative elected in the country. He was the only Republican in the 111th Congress to represent a district with a predominantly African-American population. Cao was heavily defeated in 2010 by state representative Cedric Richmond, and the district reverted to its Democratic ways. Richmond defeated nominal Republican challengers in 2012 and 2020, and no Republican even filed from 2014 to 2018.

For most of the period from 1983 to 2013, this district contained nearly all of the city of New Orleans (except for a small portion located in the neighboring 1st congressional district), and some of its suburbs. In 2003, it was pushed into the West Bank portion of Jefferson Parish and South Kenner, which have a higher proportion of white residents.^[4] After the 2010 census, the legislature pushed the 2nd slightly to the west, picking up a portion of Baton Rouge–essentially, most of the capital's majority-black precincts.

Recent presidential elections[]

List of members representing the district[]

Member	Party	Term	Cong ress	Electoral history	Location
District created March 4, 1823
Henry Hosford Gurley	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1825	18th 19th 20th 21st	Elected in 1822. Re-elected in 1824. Re-elected in 1826. Re-elected in 1828. Retired.	1823–1833 East Baton Rouge, Feliciana, Iberville, West Baton Rouge, Pointe Coupee, Saint Helena, Saint Tammany, and Washington parishes
	Anti-Jacksonian	March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1831
Philemon Thomas	Jacksonian	March 4, 1831 – March 3, 1835	22nd 23rd	Elected in 1830. Re-elected in 1832. Retired.
					1833–1843 [data unknown/missing]
Eleazer Wheelock Ripley	Jacksonian	March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1837	24th 25th	Elected in 1834. Re-elected in 1836. Retired but died before next term began.
	Democratic	March 4, 1837 – March 2, 1839
Vacant		March 2, 1839 – March 4, 1839
Thomas Withers Chinn	Whig	March 4, 1839 – March 3, 1841	26th	Elected in 1838. Retired.
John Bennett Dawson	Democratic	March 4, 1841 – March 3, 1843	27th	Elected in 1840. Redistricted to the 3rd district.
Alcée Louis la Branche	Democratic	March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1845	28th	Elected in 1842. Retired.	1843–1853 [data unknown/missing]
Bannon Goforth Thibodeaux	Democratic	March 4, 1845 – March 3, 1849	29th 30th	Elected in 1844. Re-elected in 1846. Retired.
Charles Magill Conrad	Whig	March 4, 1849 – August 17, 1850	31st	Elected in 1848. Resigned to become United States Secretary of War.
Vacant		August 17, 1850 – December 5, 1850
Henry Adams Bullard	Whig	December 5, 1850 – March 3, 1851		Elected to finish Conrad's term. Retired.
Joseph Aristide Landry	Whig	March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1853	32nd	Elected in 1850. Retired.
Theodore Gaillard Hunt	Whig	March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855	33rd	Elected in 1852. Lost re-election as a Know Nothing candidate.	1853–1863 [data unknown/missing]
Miles Taylor	Democratic	March 4, 1855 – February 5, 1861	34th 35th 36th	Elected in 1854. Re-elected in 1856. Re-elected in 1858. Withdrew due to onset of Civil War.
Vacant		February 5, 1861 – December 3, 1862	36th 37th
Michael Hahn	Unionist	December 3, 1862 – March 3, 1863	37th	Elected in 1860.[a] Retired.
Vacant		March 4, 1863– July 18, 1868	38th 39th 40th	U.S. Civil War and Reconstruction era
James Mann	Democratic	July 18, 1868 – August 26, 1868	40th	Elected to finish the vacant term. Died.	1868–1873 [data unknown/missing]
Vacant		August 26, 1868 – March 3, 1869		On November 3, 1868, John Willis Menard won a special election for the remainder of Mann's term in the 40th Congress, running alongside Lionel Allen Sheldon, who was running to represent the district for a full term in the 41st. Menard and Sheldon received the same number of votes and were both declared winners. But the losing candidate, Caleb S. Hunt, appealed to the U.S. House of Representatives to deny Menard the seat. The House could not reach a consensus on seating either man, so the seat was kept vacant until the 41st Congress. Menard was the first black person elected to Congress, as well as the first black person to address Congress.[5]
Lionel Allen Sheldon	Republican	March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1875	41st 42nd 43rd	Elected in 1868. Re-elected in 1870. Re-elected in 1872. Lost re-election.
1873–1883 [data unknown/missing]
	Ezekiel John Ellis	Democratic	March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1885	44th 45th 46th 47th 48th	Elected in 1874. Re-elected in 1876. Re-elected in 1878. Re-elected in 1880. Re-elected in 1882. Retired.
1883–1893 [data unknown/missing]
	Michael Hahn	Republican	March 3, 1885 – March 15, 1886	49th	Elected in 1884. Died.
	Vacant		March 15, 1886 – December 9, 1886
	Nathaniel Dick Wallace	Democratic	December 9, 1886 – March 3, 1887		Elected to finish Hahn's term. Retired.
	Matthew Diamond Lagan	Democratic	March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1889	50th	Elected in 1886. Retired.
	Hamilton D. Coleman	Republican	March 4, 1889 – March 3, 1891	51st	Elected in 1888. Lost re-election.
	Matthew Diamond Lagan	Democratic	March 4, 1891 – March 3, 1893	52nd	Elected in 1890. Retired.
Robert Charles Davey	Democratic	March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1895	53rd	Elected in 1892. Retired.	1893–1903 [data unknown/missing]
Charles Francis Buck	Democratic	March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1897	54th	Elected in 1894. Retired to run for Mayor of New Orleans.
Robert Charles Davey	Democratic	March 4, 1897 – December 26, 1908	55th 56th 57th 58th 59th 60th	Elected in 1896. Re-elected in 1898. Re-elected in 1900. Re-elected in 1902. Re-elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. Re-elected in 1908 but died before next term began.
1903–1913 [data unknown/missing]
	Vacant		December 26, 1908 – March 30, 1909	60th 61st
	Samuel Louis Gilmore	Democratic	March 30, 1909 – July 18, 1910	61st	Elected to finish Davey's term. Died.
	Vacant		July 18, 1910 – November 8, 1910
	H. Garland Dupré	Democratic	November 8, 1910 – February 21, 1924	61st 62nd 63rd 64th 65th 66th 67th 68th	Elected to finish Gilmore's term. Also elected to the next full term. Re-elected in 1912. Re-elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Re-elected in 1918. Re-elected in 1920. Re-elected in 1922. Died.
1913–1923 [data unknown/missing]
1923–1933 [data unknown/missing]
	Vacant		February 21, 1924 – April 22, 1924	68th
	James Z. Spearing	Democratic	April 22, 1924 – March 3, 1931	68th 69th 70th 71st	Elected to finish Deupré's term. Re-elected later in 1924. Re-elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Lost renomination.
	Paul H. Maloney	Democratic	March 4, 1931 – December 15, 1940	72nd 73rd 74th 75th 76th	Elected in 1930. Re-elected in 1932. Re-elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. Re-elected in 1938. Lost renomination and resigned to become collector of internal revenue for the New Orleans district.
1933–1943 [data unknown/missing]
	Vacant		December 15, 1940 – January 3, 1941	76th
	Hale Boggs	Democratic	January 3, 1941 – January 3, 1943	77th	Elected in 1940. Lost renomination.
Paul H. Maloney	Democratic	January 3, 1943 – January 3, 1947	78th 79th	Elected in 1942. Re-elected in 1944. Retired.	1943–1953 [data unknown/missing]
Hale Boggs	Democratic	January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1973	80th 81st 82nd 83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th 88th 89th 90th 91st 92nd	Elected in 1946. Re-elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Re-elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Re-elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Re-elected posthumously in 1972. Presumed dead after private plane went missing over Alaska October 16, 1972. Seat declared vacant at beginning of the 93rd Congress.
1953–1963 [data unknown/missing]
1963–1973 [data unknown/missing]
Vacant		January 3, 1973 – March 20, 1973	93rd		1973–1983 [data unknown/missing]
Lindy Boggs	Democratic	March 20, 1973 – January 3, 1991	93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th 98th 99th 100th 101st	Elected to finish her husband's term. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Retired.
					1983–1993 [data unknown/missing]
William J. Jefferson	Democratic	January 3, 1991 – January 3, 2009	102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th	Elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Lost re-election.
					1993–2003 [data unknown/missing]
					2003–2013
Joseph Cao	Republican	January 3, 2009 – January 3, 2011	111th	Elected in 2008. Lost re-election.
Cedric Richmond	Democratic	January 3, 2011 – January 15, 2021	112th 113th 114th 115th 116th 117th	Elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. Resigned to become Senior Advisor to the President.[6]
					2013–present
Vacant		January 15, 2021 – May 11, 2021	117th
Troy Carter	Democratic	May 11, 2021 – Present		Elected to finish Richmond's term.

Recent election results[]

2002[]

2004[]

2006[]

2008[]

2010[]

2012[]

2014[]

2016[]

2018[]

2020[]

2021 (special)[]

See also[]

• Louisiana's congressional districts
• List of United States congressional districts

References[]

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
• Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

Coordinates: 30°02′48″N 90°34′07″W / 30.04667°N 90.56861°W / 30.04667; -90.56861