116th United States Congress

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116th United States Congress
115th ←
→ 117th
U.S. Capitol grounds magnolias in March 2020.jpg
United States Capitol (2020)
January 3, 2019 – January 3, 2021
Members100 senators
435 representatives
6 non-voting delegates
Senate MajorityRepublican
Senate PresidentMike Pence (R)
House MajorityDemocratic
House SpeakerNancy Pelosi (D)
Sessions
1st: January 3, 2019 – January 3, 2020
2nd: January 3, 2020 – January 3, 2021

The 116th United States Congress was the meeting of the 116th legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It convened in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2019, and ended on January 3, 2021, during the final two years of Donald Trump's presidency. Senators elected to regular terms in 2014 finished their terms in this Congress, and House seats were apportioned based on the 2010 Census.

In the November 2018 midterm elections, the Democratic Party won a new majority in the House, while the Republican Party increased its majority in the Senate. Consequently, this was the first split Congress since the 113th Congress of 2013–2015, and the first Republican Senate–Democratic House split since the 99th Congress of 1985–1987. This Congress was the youngest incoming class by mean age in the past three cycles[1] and the most demographically diverse ever.

Upon joining the Libertarian Party on May 1, 2020,[2] Justin Amash became the first member of Congress to represent a political party other than the Democrats or the Republicans since Rep. William Carney, who served as a Conservative before switching to the Republican Party in 1985. Before joining the Libertarian Party, Amash had been serving as an independent since his departure from the Republican Party on July 4, 2019.[3] Paul Mitchell also left the Republicans in December 2020, becoming an independent.[4] Neither incumbent ran for re-election.

As of 2021, the 116th United States Congress is the most recent Congress in which:

  • Republicans controlled either branch of the congress (in this case, the Senate),
  • Republicans held Senate seats in Arizona, Colorado, and Georgia,
  • Democrats held any congressional seats in Oklahoma and Utah,
  • Democrats held a Senate seat in Alabama.
  • Democrats held every congressional seat in New Mexico.

Major events[]

2019 State of the Union Address
Robert Mueller's statements as special counsel.
House of Representatives approved two articles of impeachment.
Chief Justice John Roberts presided over the Impeachment trial of Donald Trump
  • December 22, 2018 – January 25, 2019: 2018–2019 United States federal government shutdown
  • February 5, 2019: 2019 State of the Union Address was delayed from January 29 due to the partial government shutdown.[5]
  • February 15, 2019: President Trump declared a National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States.
  • February 27, 2019: Former Trump lawyer Michael Cohen testified before the House Oversight and Reform Committee.[6]
  • March 24, 2019: Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019): U.S. Attorney General William Barr issued a summary letter of special counsel Robert Mueller's report to congress on the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election.
  • July 24, 2019: Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019): Special counsel Robert Mueller testified before the House Judiciary and Intelligence committees.
  • September 24, 2019: First impeachment of Donald Trump: House opened an Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump after a whistleblower alleged the President abused his power in a phone call with the President of Ukraine.
  • December 13, 2019: First impeachment of Donald Trump: House Judiciary Committee approved two impeachment articles.
  • December 18, 2019: First impeachment of Donald Trump: House impeached President Trump.
  • January 16, 2020 – February 5, 2020: First impeachment of Donald Trump: Impeachment trial of Donald Trump
  • February 4, 2020: 2020 State of the Union Address
  • March 11, 2020 – present: COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
  • May 26, 2020 – present: Nationwide George Floyd protests
  • August 18, 2020 – present: 2020 United States Postal Service crisis
  • September 30, 2020 – January 20, 2021: White House COVID-19 outbreak
  • October 26, 2020: The Senate confirmed Amy Coney Barrett to the United States Supreme Court.
  • November 3, 2020: 2020 United States elections were held. Joe Biden was elected the 46th President of the United States and Kamala Harris was elected the 49th Vice President of the United States, the first woman to do so. Democrats retained control of the United States House of Representatives, while Republicans briefly retained control of the Senate until January 20, 2021, because Democrats won both regular and special Senate elections in Georgia on January 5, 2021.

Major legislation[]

Speaker Nancy Pelosi signed the future Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act.
Congressional Record:
Volume 165 (2019)

Enacted[]

President Trump signing the Dingell Act, March 12, 2019
President Trump signing the Hong Kong Autonomy Act, together with Executive Order 13936, July 14, 2020
Main article: List of acts of the 116th United States Congress

Proposed (but not enacted)[]

Main article: List of bills in the 116th United States Congress
  • House Bills
  • Senate Bills
  • House Joint Resolutions
    • H.J.Res. 77: "Opposing the decision to end certain United States efforts to prevent Turkish military operations against Syrian Kurdish forces in Northeast Syria"[7]
    • H.J.Res. 79: "Removing the deadline for the ratification of the equal rights amendment"
  • Passed, but vetoed
    • March 15, 2019: H.J.Res. 46: Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on February 15, 2019. (Vetoed)
    • April 16, 2019: S.J.Res. 7: A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities in the Republic of Yemen that have not been authorized by Congress. (Vetoed)

Major resolutions[]

The Green New Deal, championed by Democrats upon their new House majority, was proposed by Senator Ed Markey (speaking) and Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (next to him, February 7, 2019

Adopted[]

  • October 31, 2019: Formally commencing an impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump, H.Res. 660
  • December 18, 2019: "Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors", H.Res. 755

Proposed[]

  • H.Res. 109: "Recognizing the duty of the Federal Government to create a Green New Deal"

Party summary[]

Resignations and new members are discussed in the "Changes in membership" section below.

Senate[]

  • Senate membership

  • Final (from December 2, 2020)

Affiliation Party
(shading indicates majority caucus)
 Total Vacant
Democratic Independent
(caucusing with
Democrats) 		Republican
End of previous Congress 47 2 50 99 1
Begin (January 3, 2019) 45 2 52 99 1
January 8, 2019[a] 53 100 0
December 31, 2019[b] 52 99 1
January 6, 2020[b] 53 100 0
December 2, 2020[c] 46 52
Final voting share 48.0% 52.0%
Beginning of the next Congress 46 2 51 99 1

House of Representatives[]

  • House membership

  • Final (from December 14, 2020)

Affiliation Party
(shading indicates majority caucus)
 Total Vacant
Democratic Independent Libertarian Republican
End of previous Congress 196 0 0 236 432 3
Begin (January 3, 2019)[d] 235 0 0 199 434 1
January 23, 2019[e] 198 433 2
February 10, 2019[f] 197 432 3
May 21, 2019[e] 198 433 2
July 4, 2019[g] 1 197
September 10, 2019[d][f] 199 435 0
September 23, 2019[h] 198 434 1
October 1, 2019[i] 197 433 2
October 17, 2019[j] 234 432 3
November 3, 2019[k] 233 431 4
December 19, 2019[l] 232 198
January 13, 2020[m] 197 430 5
March 30, 2020[n] 196 429 6
April 29, 2020[j] 233 430 5
May 1, 2020[g] 0 1
May 12, 2020[k][h] 198 432 3
May 22, 2020[o] 197 431 4
June 23, 2020[i] 198 432 3
July 17, 2020[p] 232 431 4
October 4, 2020[q] 197 430 5
December 1, 2020[p] 233 431 4
December 7, 2020[r] 196 430 5
December 14, 2020[s] 1 195
Final voting share 54.2% 0.2% 0.2% 45.3%  
Non-voting members 3 1 0 2 6 0
Beginning of the next Congress 222 0 0 211 433 2

Leadership[]

Senate[]

Senate President
Mike Pence
Mike Pence (R)
Senate President pro tempore
Chuck Grassley
Chuck Grassley (R)

Presiding[]

  • President of the Senate: Mike Pence (R)[9]
  • President pro tempore: Chuck Grassley (R)[9]
  • President pro tempore emeritus: Patrick Leahy (D)

Majority (Republican) leadership[]

  • Senate Majority Leader: Mitch McConnell[9][10][11]
  • Senate Majority Whip: John Thune[9][11]
  • Chair of the Senate Republican Conference: John Barrasso[9][12]
  • Chair of the Senate Republican Policy Committee: Roy Blunt[9][12]
  • Vice Chair of the Senate Republican Conference: Joni Ernst[9][11][12]
  • Chair of the National Republican Senatorial Committee: Todd Young[9][12]
  • Chair of the Senate Republican Steering Committee: Mike Lee[13]
  • Senate Republican Chief Deputy Whip: Mike Crapo[14]
  • Senate Republican Deputy Whips: Roy Blunt, Shelley Moore Capito, John Cornyn, Cory Gardner, James Lankford, Martha McSally, Rob Portman, Mitt Romney, Tim Scott, Thom Tillis, and Todd Young[14]

Minority (Democratic) leadership[]

  • Senate Minority Leader and Chair of the Senate Democratic Caucus: Chuck Schumer[9][11]
  • Senate Minority Whip: Dick Durbin[9][15]
  • Senate Assistant Democratic Leader: Patty Murray[9]
  • Chair of the Senate Democratic Policy and Communications Committee: Debbie Stabenow[9]
  • Vice Chairs of the Senate Democratic Caucus: Mark Warner and Elizabeth Warren[9]
  • Chair of the Senate Democratic Steering Committee: Amy Klobuchar[9]
  • Chair of Senate Democratic Outreach: Bernie Sanders[9]
  • Vice Chair of the Senate Democratic Policy and Communications Committee: Joe Manchin[9]
  • Secretary of the Senate Democratic Caucus: Tammy Baldwin[9]
  • Chair of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee: Catherine Cortez Masto[16]
  • Senate Democratic Chief Deputy Whips: Cory Booker, Jeff Merkley, and Brian Schatz[17]

House of Representatives[]

See also: 2019 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election
House Speaker
Nancy Pelosi (D)

Presiding[]

  • Speaker of the House: Nancy Pelosi (D)

Majority (Democratic) leadership[]

  • House Majority Leader: Steny Hoyer[18]
  • House Majority Whip: Jim Clyburn[19]
  • Assistant Speaker of the House: Ben Ray Luján[20]
  • Chair of the House Democratic Caucus: Hakeem Jeffries[21]
  • Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus: Katherine Clark[22]
  • Chair of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee: Cheri Bustos[23]
  • Chair of the House Democratic Policy and Communications Committee: David Cicilline[24]
  • Co-Chairs of the House Democratic Policy and Communications Committee: Matt Cartwright, Debbie Dingell, and Ted Lieu[24]
  • House Democratic Junior Caucus Leadership Representative: Jamie Raskin[24]
  • House Democratic Freshman Class Leadership Representatives: Katie Hill (until November 3, 2019), Veronica Escobar (from November 13, 2019), and Joe Neguse[24][25]
  • Co-Chairs of the House Democratic Steering and Policy Committee: Rosa DeLauro, Barbara Lee, and Eric Swalwell[24]
  • House Democratic Assistant to the Majority Whip: Cedric Richmond[26]
  • House Democratic Senior Chief Deputy Whips: John Lewis (until July 17, 2020) and Jan Schakowsky[26]
  • House Democratic Chief Deputy Whips: Pete Aguilar, G. K. Butterfield, Henry Cuellar, Dan Kildee, Sheila Jackson Lee, Debbie Wasserman Schultz, Terri Sewell, and Peter Welch[26]

Minority (Republican) leadership[]

  • House Minority Leader and Chair of the House Republican Steering Committee: Kevin McCarthy[11][27]
  • House Minority Whip: Steve Scalise[11][27]
  • Chair of the House Republican Conference: Liz Cheney[11][27]
  • Vice Chair of the House Republican Conference: Mark Walker[27]
  • Secretary of the House Republican Conference: Jason Smith[27]
  • Chair of the House Republican Policy Committee: Gary Palmer[27]
  • Chair of the National Republican Congressional Committee: Tom Emmer[27]
  • House Republican Chief Deputy Whip: Drew Ferguson[28]

Demographics[]

Most members of this Congress were Christian (88.2%), with approximately half being Protestant and 30.5% being Catholic. Jewish membership is 6.4%. Other religions represented included Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism. One senator said that she was religiously unaffiliated, while the number of members refusing to specify their religious affiliation increased.[29][30][31]

Roughly 96% of members held college degrees. All but 128 members were white and all but 131 members were men.[32]

Senate[]

The Senate included 74 men and 26 women, the most women to date. In 6 states, both senators were women; 14 states were represented by 1 man and 1 woman; and 30 states were represented by 2 men. During this Congress, Johnny Isakson retired for health reasons and Kelly Loeffler was appointed, which increased the number of women from 25 after the 2018 elections to 26. There were 91 non-Hispanic white, 4 Hispanic, 2 Black, 2 Asian, and 1 multiracial (Black/Asian) senators. Additionally, 2 senators were LGBTQ+.[1][33][better source needed] The average age of Senators at the beginning of this congress was 62.9 years.[32]

House of Representatives[]

There were 101 women in the House, the largest number in history.[34] There were 313 non-Hispanic white, 56 Black, 44 Hispanic, 15 Asian, and 4 Native American congress members. Eight were LGBTQ+.[35] Two Democrats — Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Donna Shalala — were the youngest (30) and oldest (78) freshmen women in history.[36] Freshmen Rashida Tlaib (D-MI) and Ilhan Omar (DFL-MN) were the first two Muslim women and freshmen Sharice Davids (D-KS) and Deb Haaland (D-NM) were the first two Native American women elected as well.[37] The average age of Members of the House at the beginning of the 116th Congress was 57.6 years.[32]

With the election of Carolyn Maloney as the first woman to chair the House Oversight Committee,[38] women chaired a record six House committees in a single Congress (out of 26 women to ever chair House committees in the history of Congress), including House members Maxine Waters (Financial Services), Nita Lowey (Appropriations), Zoe Lofgren (Administration), Eddie Bernice Johnson (Science, Space and Technology) and Nydia Velázquez (Small Business), as well as Kathy Castor, who chaired the Select Committee on the Climate Crisis.[38] In addition, women chaired a record 39 House subcommittees. Lowey and Kay Granger were also the first women to serve as chair and ranking member of the same committee in the same Congress since the since-defunct Select Committee on the House Beauty Shop, which was chaired and populated entirely by congresswomen during its existence from 1967 to 1977.

Diversity of the freshman class[]

The demographics of the 116th U.S. Congress freshmen were more diverse than any previous incoming class.[39][40][41]

At least 25 new congressional representatives were Hispanic, Native American, or people of color, and the incoming class included the first Native American women, the first Muslim women, and the two youngest women ever elected.[39] The 116th Congress included more women elected to the House than any previous Congress.[40][41]

Members[]

Senate[]

Further information: List of current United States senators

The numbers refer to their Senate classes. All class 1 seats were contested in the November 2018 elections. In this Congress, class 1 means their term commenced in the current Congress, requiring re-election in 2024; class 2 means their term ends with this Congress, requiring re-election in 2020; and class 3 means their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 2022.

House of Representatives[]

Further information: List of current members of the United States House of Representatives

Caucuses[]

Main article: Caucuses of the United States Congress

Changes in membership[]

Senate[]

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate
State
(class) 		Vacator Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[y]
Florida
(1) 		Vacant Senator-elect chose to wait until finishing term as Governor of Florida.[42] Rick Scott
(R) 		January 8, 2019
Georgia
(3) 		Johnny Isakson
(R) 		Incumbent resigned December 31, 2019.[43]
Successor was appointed the same day[t] to continue the term.[43] 		Kelly Loeffler
(R) 		January 6, 2020[54]
Arizona
(3) 		Martha McSally
(R) 		Appointee lost special election to finish the term.
Successor elected November 3, 2020. 		Mark Kelly
(D) 		December 2, 2020[55]

House of Representatives[]

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives
District Vacator Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[y]
North Carolina 9 Vacant Vacant from the start of the term as allegations of fraud in the 2018 general election prevented the results from being certified.
A special election was held September 10, 2019.[56] 		Dan Bishop
(R) 		September 17, 2019[57]
Pennsylvania 12 Tom Marino
(R) 		Resigned January 23, 2019, to take job in private sector.[51]
A special election was held May 21, 2019.[58] 		Fred Keller
(R) 		June 3, 2019
North Carolina 3 Walter B. Jones Jr.
(R) 		Died February 10, 2019.
A special election was held September 10, 2019.[59] 		Greg Murphy
(R) 		September 17, 2019[60]
Michigan 3 Justin Amash
(R) 		Changed party July 4, 2019.[8] Justin Amash
(I) 		July 4, 2019
Wisconsin 7 Sean Duffy
(R) 		Resigned September 23, 2019.
A special election was held May 12, 2020.[61] 		Tom Tiffany
(R) 		May 19, 2020
New York 27 Chris Collins
(R) 		Resigned October 1, 2019.
A special election was held June 23, 2020.[62] 		Chris Jacobs
(R) 		July 21, 2020
Maryland 7 Elijah Cummings
(D) 		Died October 17, 2019.
A special election was held April 28, 2020.[48][63] 		Kweisi Mfume
(D) 		May 5, 2020
California 25 Katie Hill
(D) 		Resigned November 3, 2019, due to allegations of improper relationships with staffer.
A special election was held March 3, 2020, and a runoff election was held May 12, 2020.[64][65] 		Mike Garcia
(R) 		May 19, 2020
New Jersey 2 Jeff Van Drew
(D) 		Changed party December 19, 2019.[66] Jeff Van Drew
(R) 		December 19, 2019
California 50 Duncan D. Hunter
(R) 		Resigned January 13, 2020, following felony indictment.[67] Vacant until the next Congress
North Carolina 11 Mark Meadows
(R) 		Resigned March 30, 2020, to become White House Chief of Staff.[68][69] Vacant until the next Congress
Michigan 3 Justin Amash
(I) 		Changed party May 1, 2020.[2] Justin Amash
(L) 		May 1, 2020
Texas 4 John Ratcliffe
(R) 		Resigned May 22, 2020, to become Director of National Intelligence.
The seat will remain vacant until the next Congress. 		Vacant until the next Congress
Georgia 5 John Lewis
(D) 		Died July 17, 2020.
A special election runoff was held December 1, 2020.[70] 		Kwanza Hall
(D) 		December 3, 2020
Georgia 14 Tom Graves
(R) 		Resigned October 4, 2020.
The seat will remain vacant until the next Congress. 		Vacant until the next Congress
California 8 Paul Cook
(R) 		Resigned December 7, 2020, after being elected a member of the San Bernardino County Supervisors.
The seat will remain vacant until the next Congress. 		Vacant until the next Congress
Michigan 10 Paul Mitchell
(R) 		Changed party December 14, 2020. Paul Mitchell
(I) 		December 14, 2020

Committees[]

Section contents: Senate, House, Joint

Senate[]

Main article: List of United States Senate committees
Committee Chair Ranking Member[71]
Aging (Special) Tim Scott (R-SC) Bob Casey Jr. (D-PA)
Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry Pat Roberts (R-KS) Debbie Stabenow (D-MI)
Appropriations Richard Shelby (R-AL) Patrick Leahy (D-VT)
Armed Services Jim Inhofe (R-OK) Jack Reed (D-RI)
Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Mike Crapo (R-ID) Sherrod Brown (D-OH)
Budget Mike Enzi (R-WY) Bernie Sanders (I-VT)
Commerce, Science and Transportation Roger Wicker (R-MS) Maria Cantwell (D-WA)
Energy and Natural Resources Lisa Murkowski (R-AK) Joe Manchin (D-WV)
Environment and Public Works John Barrasso (R-WY) Tom Carper (D-DE)
Ethics (Select) Johnny Isakson (R-GA) until December 2019
James Lankford (R-OK) from January 2020[72] 		Chris Coons (D-DE)
Finance Chuck Grassley (R-IA) Ron Wyden (D-OR)
Foreign Relations Jim Risch (R-ID) Bob Menendez (D-NJ)
Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Lamar Alexander (R-TN) Patty Murray (D-WA)
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Ron Johnson (R-WI) Gary Peters (D-MI)
Indian Affairs (Permanent Select) John Hoeven (R-ND) Tom Udall (D-NM)
Intelligence (Select) Richard Burr (R-NC) until May 15, 2020
Marco Rubio (R-FL) Acting from May 18, 2020 		Mark Warner (D-VA)
International Narcotics Control (Permanent Caucus) John Cornyn (R-TX) Dianne Feinstein (D-CA)
Judiciary Lindsey Graham (R-SC) Dianne Feinstein (D-CA)
Rules and Administration Roy Blunt (R-MO) Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)
Small Business and Entrepreneurship Marco Rubio (R-FL) Ben Cardin (D-MD)
Veterans' Affairs Johnny Isakson (R-GA) until December 2019
Jerry Moran (R-KS) from January 2020[73] 		Jon Tester (D-MT)

House of Representatives[]

Main article: List of United States House of Representatives committees
Committee Chair Ranking Member
Agriculture Collin Peterson (D-MN) Mike Conaway (R-TX)
Appropriations Nita Lowey (D-NY) Kay Granger (R-TX)
Armed Services Adam Smith (D-WA) Mac Thornberry (R-TX)
Budget John Yarmuth (D-KY) Steve Womack (R-AR)
Climate Crisis (Select) Kathy Castor (D-FL) Garret Graves (R-LA)
Education and Labor Bobby Scott (D-VA) Virginia Foxx (R-NC)
Energy and Commerce Frank Pallone (D-NJ) Greg Walden (R-OR)
Ethics Ted Deutch (D-FL) Kenny Marchant (R-TX)
Financial Services Maxine Waters (D-CA) Patrick McHenry (R-NC)
Foreign Affairs Eliot Engel (D-NY) Michael McCaul (R-TX)
Homeland Security Bennie Thompson (D-MS) Mike Rogers (R-AL)
House Administration Zoe Lofgren (D-CA) Rodney Davis (R-IL)
Intelligence (Permanent Select) Adam Schiff (D-CA) Devin Nunes (R-CA)
Judiciary Jerrold Nadler (D-NY) Doug Collins (R-GA) (until March 12, 2020)
Jim Jordan (R-OH) (from March 12, 2020)
Modernization of Congress (Select) Derek Kilmer (D-WA) Tom Graves (R-GA) (until October 4, 2020)[74]
Natural Resources Raúl Grijalva (D-AZ) Rob Bishop (R-UT)
Oversight and Reform Elijah Cummings (D-MD) (until October 17, 2019)[48]
Carolyn Maloney (D-NY) (from October 17, 2019) 		Jim Jordan (R-OH) (until March 12, 2020, from March 31, 2020 – June 29, 2020)
Mark Meadows (R-NC) (March 12, 2020 – March 30, 2020)
James Comer (from June 29, 2020)
Rules Jim McGovern (D-MA) Tom Cole (R-OK)
Science, Space and Technology Eddie Bernice Johnson (D-TX) Frank Lucas (R-OK)
Small Business Nydia Velázquez (D-NY) Steve Chabot (R-OH)
Transportation and Infrastructure Peter DeFazio (D-OR) Sam Graves (R-MO)
Veterans' Affairs Mark Takano (D-CA) Phil Roe (R-TN)
Ways and Means Richard Neal (D-MA) Kevin Brady (R-TX)

Joint[]

Main article: List of current United States congressional joint committees
Committee Chair Vice Chair Ranking Member Vice Ranking Member
Economic Mike Lee (R-UT) Carolyn Maloney (D-NY) (until January 16, 2020)
Don Beyer (D-VA) (from January 16, 2020) 		David Schweikert (R-AZ) Martin Heinrich (D-NM)
Inaugural Ceremonies (Special) Roy Blunt (R-MO) Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) Kevin McCarthy (R-CA) Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)
Library Roy Blunt (R-MO) Zoe Lofgren (D-CA) Rodney Davis (R-IL) Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)
Printing Zoe Lofgren (D-CA) Roy Blunt (R-MO) Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) Rodney Davis (R-IL)
Taxation[z] Richard Neal (D-MA) Chuck Grassley (R-IA) Ron Wyden (D-OR) Kevin Brady (R-TX)

Employees and legislative agency directors[]

Also called "elected" or "appointed" officials, there are many employees of the House and Senate whose leaders are included here.[75]

Senate[]

  • Chaplain: Barry C. Black[9] (Seventh-day Adventist)
  • Historian: Betty Koed
  • Parliamentarian: Elizabeth MacDonough[9]
  • Secretary: Julie E. Adams[9]
  • Sergeant at Arms: Michael C. Stenger[9]
  • Secretary for the Majority:
    • until February 2020: Laura Dove[9]
    • starting February 2020: Robert Duncan[9]
  • Secretary for the Minority: Gary B. Myrick[9]

House of Representatives[]

  • Chaplain: Patrick J. Conroy[76] (Roman Catholic)
  • Chief Administrative Officer: Phil Kiko[77]
  • Clerk:
    • until February 26, 2019: Karen L. Haas
    • starting February 26, 2019: Cheryl L. Johnson
  • Historian: Matthew Wasniewski
  • Inspector General: Michael Ptasienski
  • Parliamentarian:
    • until September 30, 2020: Thomas J. Wickham Jr.[78]
    • starting September 30, 2020: Jason A. Smith
  • Reading Clerks: Susan Cole and Joseph Novotny
  • Sergeant at Arms: Paul D. Irving[79]

Legislative branch agency directors[]

  • Architect of the Capitol:
    • until August 17, 2019: Christine A. Merdon (acting)
    • August 17, 2019 – January 16, 2020: Thomas J. Carroll III (acting)
    • starting January 16, 2020: Brett Blanton[80]
  • Attending Physician of the United States Congress: Brian P. Monahan
  • Comptroller General of the United States: Gene Dodaro[81]
  • Director of the Congressional Budget Office:
    • until May 31, 2019: Keith Hall
    • starting June 3, 2019: Phillip Swagel[82]
  • Librarian of Congress: Carla Diane Hayden[83]
  • Director of the U.S. Government Publishing Office: Vacant[84]
  • Counselor of the Office of the Law Revision Counsel: Ralph V. Seep[85]
  • Counselor of the Office of House Legislative Counsel: Ernest Wade Ballou Jr.[86]
  • Public Printer of the United States: Hugh N. Halpern

See also[]

Elections[]

  • 2018 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
    • 2018 United States Senate elections
    • 2018 United States House of Representatives elections
  • 2019 United States elections (elections during this Congress)
  • 2020 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
  • 2010s in United States political history

Membership lists[]

  • List of new members of the 116th United States Congress

Notes[]

  1. ^ In Florida: Rick Scott (R) assumed office late January 8, 2019.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b In Georgia: Johnny Isakson (R) resigned December 31, 2019; Kelly Loeffler (R) was appointed January 6, 2020, to continue the term.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b In Arizona: Mark Kelly (D) replaced interim appointee Martha McSally (R) in a special election.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c In North Carolina's 9th district: the November 2018 election results were not certified due to a dispute over voting irregularities. Dan Bishop (R) was elected September 10, 2019.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b In Pennsylvania's 12th district: Tom Marino (R) resigned January 23, 2019, and Fred Keller (R) was elected May 21, 2019.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b In North Carolina's 3rd district: Walter Jones (R) died February 10, 2019, and Greg Murphy (R) was elected September 10, 2019.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b In Michigan's 3rd district: Justin Amash changed parties from Republican to Independent July 4, 2019,[8] then changed to Libertarian May 1, 2020.[2]
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b In Wisconsin's 7th district: Sean Duffy (R) resigned September 23, 2019, and Tom Tiffany (R) was elected May 12, 2020.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b In New York's 27th district: Chris Collins (R) resigned October 1, 2019, and Chris Jacobs (R) was elected June 23, 2020.
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b In Maryland's 7th district: Elijah Cummings (D) died October 17, 2019, and Kweisi Mfume (D) was elected April 29, 2020.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b In California's 25th district: Katie Hill (D) resigned November 3, 2019, and Mike Garcia (R) was elected May 12, 2020.
  12. ^ In New Jersey's 2nd district: Jeff Van Drew changed parties from Democratic to Republican December 19, 2019.
  13. ^ In California's 50th district: Duncan D. Hunter (R) resigned January 13, 2020.
  14. ^ In North Carolina's 11th district: Mark Meadows (R) resigned March 30, 2020.
  15. ^ In Texas's 4th district: John Ratcliffe (R) resigned May 22, 2020.
  16. ^ Jump up to: a b In Georgia's 5th district: John Lewis (D) died July 17, 2020, and Kwanza Hall (D) was elected December 1, 2020.
  17. ^ In Georgia's 14th district: Tom Graves (R) resigned October 4, 2020.
  18. ^ In California's 8th district: Paul Cook (R) resigned December 7, 2020.
  19. ^ In Michigan's 10th district: Paul Mitchell changed from Republican to Independent.
  20. ^ Jump up to: a b Loeffler's appointment was "effective December 31, 2019."[44]
  21. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is the Minnesota affiliate of the U.S. Democratic Party and its members are counted as Democrats.
  22. ^ Although Sanders ran for U.S. President in the Democratic primary and claimed to be a "bona fide Democrat" in accordance to DNC rules, he is officially an Independent senator who caucuses with the Democrats.[45]
  23. ^ In Michigan's 3rd district: Justin Amash changed from Republican to Independent, July 4, 2019.[8] He became a Libertarian on May 1, 2020.[2]
  24. ^ In New Jersey's 2nd district: Jeff Van Drew changed from Democratic to Republican, December 19, 2019.
  25. ^ Jump up to: a b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.
  26. ^ The Joint Taxation Committee leadership rotate the chair and vice chair and the ranking members between the House and Senate at the start of each session (calendar year) in the middle of the congressional term. The first session leadership is shown here.

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