North Carolina's 2nd congressional district
![]() | Parts of this article (those related to the boundaries of the 2016 version) need to be updated.(December 2019) |
North Carolina's 2nd congressional district | |||
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![]() North Carolina's 2nd congressional district since January 3, 2021 | |||
Representative |
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Distribution |
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Population (2019) | 888,547[2] | ||
Median household income | $75,366[3] | ||
Ethnicity | |||
Cook PVI | D+12[4] |
North Carolina's 2nd congressional district is located in the central part of the state. The district contains most of Wake County. Prior to court-mandated redistricting in 2019, it also included northern Johnston County, southern Nash County, far western Wilson County, and all of Franklin and Harnett counties. The 2nd district has been represented by Democratic Rep. Deborah Ross since 2021.
Established by the state legislature after the American Civil War, the district was known as "The Black Second;" counties included in the district were mostly majority-black in population. All four of North Carolina's Republican African-American congressmen elected in the post-Civil War era (ending with George Henry White) represented this district,[5][6] as did white yeoman farmer Curtis Hooks Brogden of Wayne County, a Republican ally of former Governor William Woods Holden.
After North Carolina Democrats regained control of the state legislature in the 1870s (using intimidation by the Red Shirts and other paramilitary groups to reduce the number of blacks voting), they passed voter registration and electoral laws that restricted voter rolls. Blacks continued to get elected to local and state offices. The state legislature passed a new constitutional amendment in 1900, which effectively disfranchised blacks altogether.[7] This ended the election of blacks to local, state or Congressional offices until after passage of federal civil rights legislation in the mid-1960s, which enforced constitutional voting rights.
Thousands of blacks migrated north from the state in the Great Migration during the first half of the twentieth century, seeking job opportunities and education. By the later twentieth century, before the 1990s, the 2nd district was roughly 40% black. While it had the highest percentage of black residents of any congressional district in North Carolina, African-American candidates were unable to get elected to Congress from the majority-white district.
State redistricting following census changes led to the creation of the black-majority 1st and 12th districts and drew off some black population from the 2nd. Today the proportion of African-American residents is about 20.11% in the 2nd district.
In 2019, court-mandated redistricting shifted the district entirely into urban Wake County. Incumbent Republican representative George Holding declined to run for re-election in 2020, and Democratic Rep. Deborah Ross won election to the seat.[8]
List of members representing the district[]
Member | Party | Years | Cong ress |
Electoral history | District location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() Hugh Williamson |
Anti-Administration | March 19, 1790 – March 3, 1791 |
1st | Elected in 1790. Redistricted to the 4th district. |
1790–1791 "Edenton and New Bern division" |
![]() Nathaniel Macon |
Anti-Administration | March 4, 1791 – March 3, 1793 |
2nd | Elected in 1791. Redistricted to the 5th district. |
1791–1793 "Centre division" |
Matthew Locke | Anti-Administration | March 4, 1793 – March 3, 1795 |
3rd 4th 5th |
Elected in 1793. Re-elected in 1795. Re-elected in 1796. Lost re-election. |
1793–1803 [data unknown/missing] |
Democratic-Republican | March 4, 1795 – March 3, 1799 | ||||
Archibald Henderson | Federalist | March 4, 1799 – March 3, 1803 |
6th 7th |
Elected in 1798. Re-elected in 1800. Redistricted to the 12th district. | |
Willis Alston | Democratic-Republican | March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1815 |
8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th |
Redistricted from the 9th district and re-elected in 1803. Re-elected in 1804. Re-elected in 1806. Re-elected in 1808. Re-elected in 1810. Re-elected in 1813. Retired. |
1803–1813 "North Carolina Congressional District Map (1803-13)".[9] |
1813–1823 "North Carolina Congressional District Map (1813-43)".[10] | |||||
Joseph H. Bryan | Democratic-Republican | March 4, 1815 – March 3, 1819 |
14th 15th |
Elected in 1815. Re-elected in 1817. [data unknown/missing] | |
![]() Hutchins G. Burton |
Democratic-Republican | March 4, 1819 – March 3, 1823 |
16th 17th 18th |
Elected in 1819. Re-elected in 1821. Resigned when . | |
Democratic-Republican | March 4, 1823 – March 23, 1824 |
1823–1833 "North Carolina Congressional District Map (1813-43)".[11] | |||
Vacant | March 24, 1824 – January 18, 1825 |
18th | |||
George Outlaw | Democratic-Republican | January 19, 1825 – March 3, 1825 |
Elected January 6, 1825 to finish Burton's term and seated January 19, 1825. Lost re-election. | ||
Willis Alston | Jacksonian | March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1831 |
19th 20th 21st |
Elected in 1825. Re-elected in 1827. Re-elected in 1829. Retired. | |
Vacant | March 4, 1831 – May 12, 1831 |
22nd | |||
![]() John Branch |
Jacksonian | May 12, 1831 – March 3, 1833 |
Elected to finish the vacant term. Retired. | ||
Jesse A. Bynum | Jacksonian | March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1837 |
23rd 24th 25th 26th |
Elected in 1833. Re-elected in 1835. Re-elected in 1837. Re-elected in 1839. [data unknown/missing] |
1833–1843 "North Carolina Congressional District Map (1813-43)".[12] |
Democratic | March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1841 | ||||
John Daniel | Democratic | March 4, 1841 – March 3, 1843 |
27th | Elected in 1841. Redistricted to the 7th district. | |
![]() Daniel M. Barringer |
Whig | March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1847 |
28th 29th |
Elected in 1843. Re-elected in 1845. Redistricted to the 3rd district. |
1843–1853 [data unknown/missing] |
![]() Nathaniel Boyden |
Whig | March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849 |
30th | Elected in 1847. Retired. | |
Joseph P. Caldwell | Whig | March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1853 |
31st 32nd |
Elected in 1849. Re-elected in 1851. Retired. | |
![]() Thomas H. Ruffin |
Democratic | March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1861 |
33rd 34th 35th 36th |
Elected in 1853. Re-elected in 1855. Re-elected in 1857. Re-elected in 1859. [data unknown/missing] |
1853–1863 [data unknown/missing] |
Vacant | March 3, 1861 – July 25, 1868 |
37th 38th 39th 40th |
Civil War and Reconstruction | ||
![]() David Heaton |
Republican | July 25, 1868 – June 25, 1870 |
40th 41st |
Elected to finish the short term. Re-elected in 1868. Died. |
1863–1873 [data unknown/missing] |
Vacant | June 26, 1870 – December 4, 1870 |
41st | |||
Joseph Dixon | Republican | December 5, 1870 – March 3, 1871 |
. Retired. | ||
Charles Thomas | Republican | March 4, 1871 – March 3, 1875 |
42nd 43rd |
Elected in 1870. Re-elected in 1872. Lost renomination. | |
1873–1883 [data unknown/missing] | |||||
![]() John A. Hyman |
Republican | March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1877 |
44th | Elected in 1874. Lost renomination to immediate past governor | |
![]() Curtis H. Brogden |
Republican | March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1879 |
45th | Elected in 1876. Retired. | |
William H. Kitchin | Democratic | March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1881 |
46th | Elected in 1878. Lost re-election. | |
![]() Orlando Hubbs |
Republican | March 4, 1881 – March 3, 1883 |
47th | Elected in 1880. Retired. | |
![]() James E. O'Hara |
Republican | March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1887 |
48th 49th |
Elected in 1882. Re-elected in 1884. Lost re-election. |
1883–1893 [data unknown/missing] |
![]() Furnifold M. Simmons |
Democratic | March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1889 |
50th | Elected in 1886. Lost re-election. | |
![]() Henry P. Cheatham |
Republican | March 4, 1889 – March 3, 1893 |
51st 52nd |
Elected in 1888. Re-elected in 1890. Lost re-election. | |
![]() Frederick A. Woodard |
Democratic | March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1897 |
53rd 54th |
Elected in 1892. Re-elected in 1894. Lost re-election. |
1893–1903 [data unknown/missing] |
![]() George H. White |
Republican | March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1901 |
55th 56th |
Elected in 1896. Re-elected in 1898. Retired after state passage of 1900 disfranchisement constitution, which suppressed black voters for more than 60 years. | |
![]() Claude Kitchin |
Democratic | March 4, 1901 – May 31, 1923 |
57th 58th 59th 60th 61st 62nd 63rd 64th 65th 66th 67th 68th |
Elected in 1900. Re-elected in 1902. Re-elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. Re-elected in 1908. Re-elected in 1910. Re-elected in 1912. Re-elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Re-elected in 1918. Re-elected in 1920. Re-elected in 1922. Died. | |
1903–1913 [data unknown/missing] | |||||
1913–1933 [data unknown/missing] | |||||
Vacant | May 31, 1923 – November 5, 1923 |
68th | |||
![]() John H. Kerr |
Democratic | November 6, 1923 – January 3, 1953 |
68th 69th 70th 71st 72nd 73rd 74th 75th 76th 77th 78th 79th 80th 81st 82nd |
Elected to finish Kitchens's term. Re-elected in 1924. Re-elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Re-elected in 1930. Re-elected in 1932. Re-elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. Re-elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Re-elected in 1942. Re-elected in 1944. Re-elected in 1946. Re-elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Lost renomination. | |
1933–1943 [data unknown/missing] | |||||
1943–1953 [data unknown/missing] | |||||
![]() L. H. Fountain |
Democratic | January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1983 |
83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th 88th 89th 90th 91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th |
Elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Re-elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Retired. |
1953–1963 [data unknown/missing] |
1963–1973 [data unknown/missing] | |||||
1973–1983 [data unknown/missing] | |||||
![]() Tim Valentine |
Democratic | January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1995 |
98th 99th 100th 101st 102nd 103rd |
Elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Retired. |
1983–1993 [data unknown/missing] |
1993–2003 [data unknown/missing] | |||||
![]() David Funderburk |
Republican | January 3, 1995 – January 3, 1997 |
104th | Elected in 1994. Lost re-election. | |
![]() Bob Etheridge |
Democratic | January 3, 1997 – January 3, 2011 |
105th 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th 111th |
Elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Lost re-election. | |
2003–2013 | |||||
![]() Renee Ellmers |
Republican | January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2017 |
112th 113th 114th |
Elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Lost renomination. | |
2013–2017![]() | |||||
![]() George Holding |
Republican | January 3, 2017 – January 3, 2021 |
115th 116th |
Redistricted from the 13th district and re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Retired. |
2017–2021![]() |
![]() Deborah Ross |
Democratic | January 3, 2021 – Present |
117th | Elected in 2020. Redistricted to the 5th district. |
2021–present![]() |
Election results[]
2000s[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Bob Etheridge (incumbent) | 146,733 | 58.3 | |
Republican | Doug Haynes | 103,011 | 40.9 | |
Libertarian | Mark Jackson | 2,094 | 0.8 | |
Total votes | 251,838 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Bob Etheridge (incumbent) | 100,121 | 65.36 | |
Republican | Joseph L. Ellen | 50,965 | 33.27 | |
Libertarian | Gary Minter | 2,098 | 1.37 | |
Total votes | 153,184 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Bob Etheridge (incumbent) | 145,079 | 62.3 | |
Republican | Billy J. Creech | 87,811 | 37.7 | |
Total votes | 232,890 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Bob Etheridge (incumbent) | 85,993 | 66.53 | |
Republican | Dan Mansell | 43,271 | 33.47 | |
Total votes | 129,264 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Bob Etheridge (incumbent) | 199,730 | 66.93 | |
Republican | Dan Mansell | 93,323 | 31.27 | |
Libertarian | Will Adkins | 5,377 | 1.8 | |
Total votes | 298,430 | 100 |
2010s[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Renee Ellmers | 93,876 | 49.47 | |
Democratic | Bob Etheridge (incumbent) | 92,393 | 48.69 | |
Libertarian | Tom Rose | 3,505 | 1.85 | |
Total votes | 189,774 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Renee Ellmers (incumbent) | 174,066 | 55.9 | |
Democratic | Steve Wilkins | 128,973 | 41.42 | |
Libertarian | Brian Irving | 8,358 | 2.68 | |
Total votes | 311,397 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Renee Ellmers (incumbent) | 122,128 | 58.83 | |
Democratic | Clay Aiken | 85,479 | 41.17 | |
Total votes | 207,607 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | George Holding | 221,485 | 56.71 | |
Democratic | John P. McNeil | 169,082 | 43.29 | |
Total votes | 390,567 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | George Holding (incumbent) | 170,072 | 51.3 | |
Democratic | Linda Coleman | 151,977 | 45.8 | |
Libertarian | Jeff Matemu | 9,655 | 2.9 | |
Total votes | 331,704 | 100.0 |
2020s[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Deborah K. Ross | 310,979 | 63.0 | |
Republican | Alan Swain | 172,019 | 34.8 | |
Libertarian | Jeff Matemu | 10,827 | 2.2 | |
Total votes | 493,870 | 100.0 |
See also[]
- North Carolina's congressional districts
- List of United States congressional districts
- Gerrymandering
References[]
- ^ https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/cd_state.html
- ^ Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau. "My Congressional District". www.census.gov.
- ^ Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau. "My Congressional District". www.census.gov.
- ^ "Introducing the 2021 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index". The Cook Political Report. April 15, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
- ^ "Black Americans in Congress".
- ^ Anderson, Eric (December 1, 1980). Race and Politics in North Carolina, 1872--1901: The Black Second. LSU Press. ISBN 9780807107843 – via Google Books.
- ^ "Disfranchisement | NCpedia". ncpedia.org.
- ^ Murphy, Brian (December 4, 2019). "George Holding, whose district now leans Democratic, won't run vs. GOP incumbent". The News and Observer. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
- ^ "Data Courtesy of Jeffrey B. Lewis, Brandon DeVine, and Lincoln Pritcher with Kenneth C. Martis". United States Congressional District Shapefiles.
- ^ "Data Courtesy of Jeffrey B. Lewis, Brandon DeVine, and Lincoln Pritcher with Kenneth C. Martis". United States Congressional District Shapefiles.
- ^ "Data Courtesy of Jeffrey B. Lewis, Brandon DeVine, and Lincoln Pritcher with Kenneth C. Martis". United States Congressional District Shapefiles.
- ^ "Data Courtesy of Jeffrey B. Lewis, Brandon DeVine, and Lincoln Pritcher with Kenneth C. Martis". United States Congressional District Shapefiles.
- ^ https://ballotpedia.org/North_Carolina%27s_2nd_Congressional_District
- ^ "11/05/2002 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. November 15, 2002. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
- ^ "11/02/2004 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. November 12, 2004. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
- ^ "11/07/2006 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. November 17, 2006. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
- ^ "11/04/2008 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. November 14, 2008. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
- ^ "11/02/2010 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. November 12, 2010. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
- ^ "11/06/2012 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. November 16, 2012. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
- ^ "11/04/2014 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. November 25, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
- ^ "11/06/2016 Official General Election Results - Statewide". North Carolina State Board of Elections. December 13, 2016. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
- ^ "District 2, North Carolina State Board of Elections & Ethics Enforcement". North Carolina State Board of Elections & Ethics Enforcement. Retrieved November 10, 2018.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
External links[]
Coordinates: 35°26′47″N 79°17′52″W / 35.44639°N 79.29778°W
- Congressional districts of North Carolina