1844 and 1845 United States House of Representatives elections

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1844 and 1845 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1842 & 1843 July 1, 1844 – November 4, 1845[a] 1846 & 1847 →

All 228[b][c]seats in the United States House of Representatives
115 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
  John Wesley Davis.jpg Samuel Finley Vinton by howe.png
Leader John Davis Samuel Finley Vinton
Party Democratic Whig
Leader's seat Indiana 6th Ohio 12th
Last election 147 seats 72 seats
Seats won 142[b] 79
Seat change Decrease 5 Increase 7
Popular vote 1,276,980 1,143,305
Percentage 50.02% 44.79%
Swing Decrease 1.25% Increase 0.62%

  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Know Nothing Law and Order
Last election Pre-creation 2 seats
Seats won 6 0
Seat change Increase 6 Decrease 2
Popular vote 53,413 3,030
Percentage 2.09% 0.12%
Swing New Party Decrease 0.23%

  Fifth party
 
Party Independent
Last election 2 seats[d]
Seats won 0
Seat change Decrease 2
Popular vote 31,961
Percentage 1.25%
Swing Decrease 0.81%

Speaker before election

John Jones
Democratic

Elected Speaker

John Davis
Democratic

Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 29th Congress were held at various dates in different states from July 1844 to November 1845.

All 224 elected members[c] took their seats when Congress convened December 1, 1845. The House elections spanned the 1844 Presidential election, won by dark horse Democratic candidate James K. Polk, who advocated territorial expansion. The new states of Texas and Iowa were added during this Congress, with Florida admitted on the last day of the previous Congress.

Democrats lost six seats but retained a large majority over the rival Whigs. The new American Party, based on the nativist "Know Nothing" movement characterized by opposition to immigration and anti-Catholicism, gained six seats.

Election summaries[]

One seat was added for the new State of Florida.[3] Texas and Iowa were admitted during this next Congress, but their initial elections were held in 1846.

142 6 79
Democratic [e] Whig
State Type Date Total
seats
Democratic Know Nothing Whig
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Louisiana District July 1–3, 1844 4 3 Decrease1 0 Steady 1 Increase1
Illinois District August 5, 1844 7 6 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady
Missouri At-large August 5, 1844 5 5 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Georgia District[f] August 7, 1844 8 4 Decrease4 0 Steady 4 Increase4
Vermont District September 3, 1844 4 1 Steady 0 Steady 3 Steady
Maine District September 9, 1844 7 6 Increase1 0 Steady 1 Decrease1
Arkansas At-large October 8, 1844 1 1 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Ohio District October 8, 1844 21 13 Increase1 0 Steady 8 Decrease1
Pennsylvania District October 8, 1844 24 12 Steady 2 Increase2 10 Decrease2
New Jersey District October 9, 1844 5 1 Decrease3 0 Steady 4 Increase3
South Carolina District October 14–15, 1844 7 7 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Michigan District November 5, 1844 3 3 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Massachusetts District November 11, 1844 10 0 Decrease2 0 Steady 10 Increase2
New York District November 11, 1844 34 21 Decrease3 4 Increase4 9 Decrease1
Delaware At-large November 12, 1844 1 0 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady
Late electionsfter the March 4, 1845 beginning of term
New Hampshire At-large March 11, 1845 4[c] 3 Decrease1 0 Steady 0 Steady
Rhode Island District April 2, 1845 2 0 Steady 0 Steady 2 Increase2[g]
Connecticut District April 7, 1845 4 0 Decrease4 0 Steady 4 Increase4
Virginia District April 24, 1845 15 14 Increase2 0 Steady 1 Decrease2
Florida[h] At-large May 26, 1845 1 1 Increase1 0 Steady 0 Steady
Alabama District August 4, 1845 7 6 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady
Indiana District August 4, 1845 10 8 Steady 0 Steady 2 Steady
Kentucky District August 4, 1845 10 3 Decrease1 0 Steady 7 Increase2
North Carolina District August 7, 1845 9 6 Increase1 0 Steady 3 Decrease1
Tennessee District August 7, 1845 11 6 Steady 0 Steady 5 Steady
Maryland District October 1, 1845 6 4 Increase4 0 Steady 2 Decrease4
Mississippi At-large November 3–4, 1845 4 4 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Total 224[b][c] 142
62.6%
Decrease6 6
2.6%
Increase6 79
34.8%
Increase6
Popular vote
Democratic
50.02%
Whig
44.79%
Know Nothing
2.09%
Law & Order
0.12%
Independent
1.25%
Others
1.73%
House seats
Democratic
61.67%
Whig
35.68%
Know Nothing
2.64%

Special elections[]

Alabama[]

Elections were held August 4, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Alabama 1
Alabama 2
Alabama 3
Alabama 4
Alabama 5
Alabama 6
Alabama 7

Arkansas[]

The election was held October 8, 1844.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Arkansas at-large

Connecticut[]

Elections were held April 7, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Connecticut 1
Connecticut 2
Connecticut 3
Connecticut 4

Delaware[]

The election was held November 12, 1844.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Delaware at-large

Florida[]

The election was held May 26, 1845.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Florida at-large None (New state) New seat.
New member elected late on May 26, 1845.
Democratic gain.
Winner did not serve, having also been elected U.S. senator.
  • Green tickY David Levy Yulee (Democratic) 60.3
  • Benjamin A. Putnam (Whig) 39.7%

Georgia[]

Elections were held August 7, 1844.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Georgia 1
Georgia 2
Georgia 3 Absalom H. Chappell
(Redistricted from the at-large district)
Democratic 1842 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Whig gain.
  • Green tickY Washington Poe (Whig) 50.73%
  • Absalom H. Chappell (Democratic) 49.27%[4]
Georgia 4 Hugh A. Haralson
(Redistricted from the at-large district)
Democratic 1842 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Hugh A. Haralson (Democratic)
  • [data unknown/missing]
Georgia 5 John H. Lumpkin
(Redistricted from the at-large district)
Democratic 1842 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John H. Lumpkin (Democratic)
  • [data unknown/missing]
William H. Stiles
(Redistricted from the at-large district)
Democratic 1842 Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
Georgia 6 Howell Cobb
(Redistricted from the at-large district)
Democratic 1842 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Howell Cobb (Democratic)
  • [data unknown/missing]
Georgia 7 Alexander H. Stephens
(Redistricted from the at-large district)
Whig 1843 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Alexander H. Stephens (Whig)
  • [data unknown/missing]
Georgia 8 Edward J. Black
(Redistricted from the at-large district)
Democratic 1838
1840 (Lost)
1841 (Special)
Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Whig gain.
  • Green tickY Robert Augustus Toombs (Whig) 58.50%
  • Edward J. Black (Democratic) 41.50%[5]

Illinois[]

Elections were held August 5, 1844.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Illinois 1
Illinois 2
Illinois 3
Illinois 4
Illinois 5
Illinois 6
Illinois 7

Indiana[]

Elections were held August 4, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Indiana 1
Indiana 2
Indiana 3
Indiana 4
Indiana 5
Indiana 6
Indiana 7
Indiana 8
Indiana 9
Indiana 10

Iowa Territory[]

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Kentucky[]

Elections were held August 4, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Kentucky 1
Kentucky 2
Kentucky 3
Kentucky 4
Kentucky 5
Kentucky 6
Kentucky 7
Kentucky 8
Kentucky 9
Kentucky 10

Louisiana[]

Elections were held July 1–3, 1844.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Louisiana 1
Louisiana 2
Louisiana 3
Louisiana 4

Maine[]

Elections were held September 9, 1844.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maine 1
Maine 2
Maine 3
Maine 4
Maine 5
Maine 6
Maine 7

Maryland[]

Late elections to the 28th Congress[]

Maryland elected its members to the 28th Congress on February 14, 1844, after that Congress had already convened in 1843 and long after the 1842–1843 election cycle.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maryland 1 Isaac D. Jones Whig 1841 Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.
New member elected.
Whig hold.
  • Green tickY John Causin (Whig) 57.94%
  • Walter Bowie (Democratic) 42.06%
Maryland 2
Maryland 3
Maryland 4
Maryland 5
Maryland 6

Regular elections to the 29th Congress[]

Maryland's October 1, 1845 elections were after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the new term, but still before the Congress convened in December 1845.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maryland 1 John Causin Whig 1844 Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.
New member elected.
Whig hold.
  • Green tickY John Grant Chapman (Whig) 52.18%
  • (Democratic) 47.82%
Maryland 2
Maryland 3
Maryland 4
Maryland 5
Maryland 6

Massachusetts[]

Elections were held November 11, 1844. At least one district, however, had multiple ballots stretching into 1846.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Massachusetts 1
Massachusetts 2
Massachusetts 3
Massachusetts 4 William Parmenter Democratic 1836 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected on the second ballot.
Whig gain.
First ballot (November 11, 1844):
  • Benjamin Thompson (Whig) 45.78%
  • William Parmenter (Democratic) 44.52%
  • (Liberty) 8.55%
  • (Unknown) 1.15%[6]

Second ballot (December 23, 1844):
  • Green tickY Benjamin Thompson (Whig) 51.71%
  • William Parmenter (Democratic) 43.23%
  • (Liberty) 5.06%[7]
Massachusetts 5
Massachusetts 6
Massachusetts 7 Julius Rockwell Whig 1844 (Late) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Julius Rockwell (Whig) 51.62%
  • Increase Sumner (Democratic) 39.92%
  • Joel Hayden (Liberty) 7.40%
  • Caleb Bennett (Unknown) 1.07%[8]
Massachusetts 8 John Quincy Adams Whig 1830 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John Quincy Adams (Whig) 57.12%
  • (Democratic) 37.71%
  • (Liberty) 5.18%[9]
Massachusetts 9 Henry Williams Democratic 1836 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected on the ninth ballot.
Whig gain.
First ballot (November 11, 1844):
  • Henry Williams (Democratic) 44.52%
  • Artemas Hale (Whig) 45.78%
  • Laban M. Wheaton (Liberty) 8.55%
  • (Know Nothing) 1.15%[10]
Second ballot (December 23, 1844):
  • Artemas Hale (Whig) 46.55%
  • Henry Williams (Democratic) 46.18%
  • (Liberty) 7.27%[11]
Third ballot (February 10, 1845):
  • Henry Williams (Democratic) 46.60%
  • Artemas Hale (Whig) 46.21%
  • (Liberty) 7.19%[12]
Fourth ballot (April 28, 1845):
  • Henry Williams (Democratic) 47.13%
  • Artemas Hale (Whig) 43.66%
  • (Liberty) 7.93%
  • (Know Nothing) 1.28%[13]
Fifth ballot (September 1, 1845):
  • Artemas Hale (Whig) 44.48%
  • Henry Williams (Democratic) 43.43%
  • Laban M. Wheaton (Liberty) 9.40%
  • (Know Nothing) 2.69%[14]
Sixth ballot (November 10, 1845):
  • (Democratic) 44.17%
  • Artemas Hale (Whig) 42.90%
  • Laban M. Wheaton (Liberty) 9.32%
  • (Know Nothing) 3.62%[15]
Seventh ballot (December 29, 1845):
  • Artemas Hale (Whig) 45.40%
  • (Democratic) 44.45%
  • Laban M. Wheaton (Liberty) 8.66%
  • (Know Nothing) 1.49%[16]
Eighth ballot (February 2, 1846):
  • Artemas Hale (Whig) 44.39%
  • (Democratic) 47.31%
  • Laban M. Wheaton (Liberty) 7.43%[17]
Ninth ballot (November 9, 1846):
  • Green tickY Artemas Hale (Whig) 50.64%
  • (Democratic) 37.34%
  • Laban M. Wheaton (Liberty) 10.35%
  • (Know Nothing) 1.67%[18]
Massachusetts 10

Michigan[]

Elections were held November 5, 1844.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Michigan 1
Michigan 2
Michigan 3

Mississippi[]

Elections were held November 3–4, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Mississippi at-large
(4 seats)
Jacob Thompson Democratic 1839 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Jacob Thompson (Democratic) 16.81%
  • Green tickY Jefferson Davis (Democratic) 16.63%
  • Green tickY Stephen Adams (Democratic) 16.42%
  • Green tickY Robert W. Roberts (Democratic) 16.17%
  • Patrick W. Tompkins (Whig) 11.05%
  • Peter B. Starke (Whig) 10.64%
  • Walker Brooke (Whig) 10.40%
  • Scattering 1.89%[19]
William H. Hammett Democratic 1843 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Robert W. Roberts Democratic 1843 Incumbent re-elected.
Tilghman Tucker Democratic 1843 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.

Missouri[]

Elections were held at-large on a general ticket August 5, 1844.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Missouri at-large
5 seats
(Elected on a general ticket)
  • Green tickY John S. Phelps (Democratic) 12.02%
  • Green tickY James B. Bowlin (Democratic) 11.84%
  • Green tickY James H. Relfe (Democratic) 11.84%
  • Green tickY Sterling Price (Democratic) 11.72%
  • Green tickY Leonard H. Sims (Democratic) 9.43%
  • (Whig) 9.43%
  • (Whig) 9.24%
  • Ratliff Boon (Whig) 9.10%
  • Augustus Jones (Whig) 9.09%
  • (Democratic) 6.29%[20]

New Hampshire[]

Elections were held at-large on a general ticket March 11, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New Hampshire at-large
4 seats
Edmund Burke Democratic 1839 Incumbent retired.
New member (Moulton) elected.
Democratic hold.
(Elected on a general ticket)
First ballot (March 11, 1845):
  • Green tickY Mace Moulton (Democratic) 13.53%
  • Green tickY James Hutchins Johnson (Democratic) 13.49%
  • Green tickY Moses Norris Jr. (Democratic) 13.19%
  • (Democratic) 12.12%
  • Thomas M. Edwards (Whig) 8.25%
  • George W. Nesmith (Whig) 8.24%
  • Ichabod Goodwin (Whig) 8.17%
  • Joseph Sawyer (Whig) 7.63%
  • John P. Hale (Independent) 4.23%
  • (Liberty) 2.86%
  • Humphrey Moore (Liberty) 2.73%
  • Joseph Cilley (Liberty) 2.62%
  • Jacob Perkins (Liberty) 2.37%[21]

Second ballot (August 23, 1845):
  • (Democratic) 48.42%
  • Ichabod Goodwin (Whig) 28.18%
  • John P. Hale (Independent) 23.39%[22]

Third ballot (November 29, 1845):
  • (Democratic) 47.57%
  • Ichabod Goodwin (Whig) 29.11%
  • John P. Hale (Independent) 23.33%[23]

Fourth ballot (March 10, 1846):
  • (Democratic) 48.82%
  • Ichabod Goodwin (Whig) 30.28%
  • John P. Hale (Independent) 20.90%[24]
John Randall Reding Democratic 1841 Incumbent retired.
New member (Johnson) elected.
Democratic hold.
Moses Norris Jr. Democratic 1843 Incumbent re-elected.
John P. Hale Democratic 1843 Incumbent lost re-election.
No candidate elected on the fourth ballot; seat vacant.
Democratic loss.

New Jersey[]

Elections were held October 9, 1844.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New Jersey 1
New Jersey 2
New Jersey 3
New Jersey 4
New Jersey 5

New York[]

Elections were held November 11, 1844.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New York 1
New York 2
New York 3
New York 4
New York 5
New York 6
New York 7
New York 8
New York 9
New York 10
New York 11
New York 12
New York 13
New York 14
New York 15
New York 16
New York 17
New York 18
New York 19
New York 20
New York 21
New York 22
New York 23
New York 24
New York 25
New York 26
New York 27
New York 28
New York 29
New York 30
New York 31
New York 32
New York 33
New York 34

North Carolina[]

Elections were held August 7, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
North Carolina 1
North Carolina 2
North Carolina 3
North Carolina 4
North Carolina 5
North Carolina 6
North Carolina 7
North Carolina 8
North Carolina 9

Ohio[]

Elections were held October 8, 1844.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Ohio 1
Ohio 2
Ohio 3
Ohio 4
Ohio 5
Ohio 6
Ohio 7
Ohio 8
Ohio 9
Ohio 10
Ohio 11
Ohio 12
Ohio 13
Ohio 14
Ohio 15
Ohio 16
Ohio 17
Ohio 18
Ohio 19
Ohio 20
Ohio 21

Pennsylvania[]

Elections were held October 8, 1844.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Pennsylvania 1
Pennsylvania 2
Pennsylvania 3
Pennsylvania 4
Pennsylvania 5
Pennsylvania 6
Pennsylvania 7
Pennsylvania 8
Pennsylvania 9
Pennsylvania 10
Pennsylvania 11
Pennsylvania 12
Pennsylvania 13
Pennsylvania 14
Pennsylvania 15
Pennsylvania 16
Pennsylvania 17
Pennsylvania 18
Pennsylvania 19
Pennsylvania 20
Pennsylvania 21
Pennsylvania 22
Pennsylvania 23
Pennsylvania 24

Rhode Island[]

Elections were held April 2, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Rhode Island 1
Rhode Island 2

South Carolina[]

Elections were held October 14–15, 1844.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 1
South Carolina 2
South Carolina 3
South Carolina 4
South Carolina 5
South Carolina 6
South Carolina 7

Tennessee[]

Elections were held August 7, 1845.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Tennessee 1 Andrew Johnson Democratic 1842 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Andrew Johnson (Democratic) 56.27%
  • William B. Brownlow (Whig) 43.73%[25]
Tennessee 2 William T. Senter Whig 1842 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Whig hold.
  • Green tickY William M. Cocke (Whig) 45.03%
  • George S. Gilbert (Democratic) 35.63%
  • Lewis Reneau (Independent Whig) 19.34%[26]
Tennessee 3 Julius W. Blackwell Democratic 1842 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Whig gain.
  • Green tickY John H. Crozier (Whig) 51.41%
  • Julius W. Blackwell (Democratic) 48.59%[27]
Tennessee 4 Alvan Cullom Democratic 1842 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Alvan Cullom (Democratic) 93.06%
  • Isaac Clendenon (Unknown) 6.94%[28]
Tennessee 5 George W. Jones Democratic 1842 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY George W. Jones (Democratic) 100%[29]
Tennessee 6 Aaron V. Brown Democratic 1839 Incumbent retired to run for Governor.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Green tickY Barclay Martin (Democratic) 57.93%
  • William D. Kindrick (Whig) 42.07%[30]
Tennessee 7 David W. Dickinson Whig 1842 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Whig hold.
  • Green tickY Meredith P. Gentry (Whig) 67.94%
  • Charles L. Nelson (Democratic) 32.06%[31]
Tennessee 8 Joseph H. Peyton Whig 1842 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Joseph H. Peyton (Whig) 55.33%
  • William Trousdale (Democratic) 44.67%[32]
Tennessee 9 Cave Johnson Democratic 1839 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Green tickY Lucien B. Chase (Democratic) 57.56%
  • John J. Mathewson (Whig) 42.44%[33]
Tennessee 10 John B. Ashe Whig 1842 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
  • Green tickY Frederick P. Stanton (Democratic) 52.76%
  • Phineas T. Scruggs (Whig) 47.24%[34]
Tennessee 11 Milton Brown Whig 1841 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Milton Brown (Whig) 60.96%
  • Nelson Hess (Democratic) 39.04%[35]

Vermont[]

Elections were held September 3, 1844.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Vermont 1
Vermont 2
Vermont 3
Vermont 4

Virginia[]

Elections were held April 24, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Virginia 1
Virginia 2
Virginia 3
Virginia 4
Virginia 5
Virginia 6
Virginia 7
Virginia 8
Virginia 9
Virginia 10
Virginia 11
Virginia 12
Virginia 13
Virginia 14
Virginia 15

Wisconsin Territory[]

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Non-voting delegates[]

District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates[36]
Iowa Territory at-large Augustus C. Dodge Democratic 1840 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Augustus C. Dodge (Democratic)
  • [data unknown/missing]
Wisconsin Territory at-large Henry Dodge Democratic 1840 Incumbent retired to become territorial governor of Wisconsin.
New delegate elected on an unknown date.
Democratic hold.
  • Green tickY Morgan L. Martin (Democratic)
  • [data unknown/missing]

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Excludes states admitted during the 29th Congress
  2. ^ a b c Includes late elections
  3. ^ a b c d There was one vacancy in New Hampshire's delegation, unfilled for the duration of the 29th Congress.[1][2]
  4. ^ Includes one Independent and one Independent Whig.
  5. ^ There were 6 Know Nothings.
  6. ^ Changed from at-large
  7. ^ Previous election had 2 members of the short-lived Law and Order Party
  8. ^ New State

References[]

  1. ^ Dubin, p. 142–143.
  2. ^ Martis, p. 98-99.
  3. ^ Stat. 743
  4. ^ "Our Campaigns - GA District 03 Race - Aug 07, 1844". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2020-12-20.
  5. ^ "Our Campaigns - GA District 08 Race - Aug 07, 1844". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2020-12-20.
  6. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 4 - 1st Trial Race - Nov 11, 1844". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  7. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 4 - 2nd Trial Race - Dec 23, 1844". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  8. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 7 Race - Nov 11, 1844". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  9. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 8 Race - Nov 11, 1844". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  10. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 9 - 1st Trial Race - Nov 11, 1844". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  11. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 9 - 2nd Trial Race - Dec 23, 1844". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  12. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 9 - 3rd Trial Race - Feb 10, 1845". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  13. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 9 - 4th Trial Race - Apr 28, 1845". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  14. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 9 - 5th Trial Race - Sep 01, 1845". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  15. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 9 - 6th Trial Race - Nov 10, 1845". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  16. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 9 - 7th Trial Race - Dec 29, 1845". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  17. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 9 - 8th Trial Race - Feb 02, 1846". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  18. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 9 - 9th Trial Race - Nov 09, 1846". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  19. ^ "MS - At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
  20. ^ "MO At-Large". OurCampaigns.com. Retrieved October 28, 2020., source notes Sims is Whig, which conflicts with other sources.
  21. ^ "Our Campaigns - NH At-Large Race - Mar 11, 1845". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
  22. ^ "Our Campaigns - NH At-Large - 2nd Trial Race - Aug 23, 1845". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
  23. ^ "Our Campaigns - NH At-Large - 3rd Trial Race - Nov 29, 1845". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
  24. ^ "Our Campaigns - NH At-Large - 4th Trial Race - Mar 10, 1846". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
  25. ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
  26. ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
  27. ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
  28. ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
  29. ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
  30. ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
  31. ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
  32. ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
  33. ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
  34. ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
  35. ^ "TN - District 11". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
  36. ^ Pelzer, Louis (1908). Shambaugh, Benjamin F. (ed.). "The History and Principles of the Democratic Party of the Territory of Iowa". Iowa Journal of History and Politics. Vol. 6 no. 1. Iowa City, Iowa: State Historical Society of Iowa. p. 10. Retrieved May 27, 2020.

Bibliography[]

External links[]

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