Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district
Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district | |||
---|---|---|---|
![]() Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district since January 3, 2013 | |||
Representative |
| ||
Population (2019) | 759,750 | ||
Median household income | $77,375[1] | ||
Ethnicity |
| ||
Cook PVI | D+10[2] |
Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district is located in central Massachusetts. It contains the cities of Worcester, which is the second-largest city in New England after Boston, and Northampton in the Pioneer Valley. It is represented by Democrat Jim McGovern.
The shape of the district was changed for the elections of 2012, after Massachusetts congressional redistricting to reflect the 2010 census.[3] The new district covers central Massachusetts, including much of Worcester County, and is largely the successor to the old 3rd District. Most of the old 2nd district, including Springfield, has been moved into the new 1st district.
Recent election results from presidential races[]
Year | Office | Result |
---|---|---|
2000 | President | Gore 56–33% |
2004 | President | Kerry 59–40% |
2008 | President | Obama 60.4–37.5% |
2012 | President | Obama 58.7–39.2% |
2016 | President | Clinton 56.2–36.8% |
2020 | President | Biden 61.6–35.7% |
Locations[]
1795 to 1803[]
Known as the 2nd Western District.[4]
1803 to 1813[]
Known as the "Essex North" district.[4]
1813 to 1833[]
Known as the "Essex South" district.[4]
1843 to 1853[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/1842_District_2_detail_of_Congressional_Districts_of_Massachusetts_map_LC_g3761f_ct002131.jpg/220px-1842_District_2_detail_of_Congressional_Districts_of_Massachusetts_map_LC_g3761f_ct002131.jpg)
The Act of September 16, 1842 established the district on the North Shore and New Hampshire border, with the following municipalities:[5]
- In Essex County: Beverly, Danvers, Essex, Gloucester, Hamilton, Ipswich, Lynn, Lynnfield, Manchester, Marblehead, Middleton, Rockport, Salem, Saugus, Topsfield, and Wenham
- In Middlesex County: Malden, Medford, Reading, South Reading, and Stoneham
- In Suffolk County: Chelsea
1860s[]
"Parts of the counties of Bristol, Norfolk, and Plymouth."[6]
1870s–1900s[]
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by . (November 2013) |
1903 to 1913[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/1901_District_2_detail_of_Massachusetts_Congressional_Districts_map_BPL_12688.png/220px-1901_District_2_detail_of_Massachusetts_Congressional_Districts_map_BPL_12688.png)
During this decade, the district contained the following municipalities:[7]
- In Franklin County: Erving, Leverett, Montague, New Salem, Northfield, Orange, Shutesbury, Sunderland, Warwick, and Wendell.
- In Hampshire County: Amherst, Belchertown, Easthampton, Enfield, Granby, Hadley, Northampton, Pelham, Prescott, South Hadley, and Ware.
- In Hampden County: Brimfield, Chicopee, East Longmeadow, Hampden, Holland, Longmeadow, Ludlow, Monson, Palmer, Springfield, Wales, and Wilbraham.
- In Worcester County: Athol, Barre, Brookfield, Dana, Hardwick, New Braintree, North Brookfield, Oakham, Petersham, Phillipston, Royalston, Warren, and West Brookfield.
1913 to 1923[]
During this decade, the district contained the following municipalities:[8]
- In Franklin County: Bernardston, Deerfield, Erving, Gill, Leverett, Montague, Northfield, Shutesbury, Sunderland, Warwick, Wendell, and Whately.
- In Hampshire County: Amherst, Belchertown, Easthampton, Enfield, Granby, Hadley, Hatfield, Northampton, Pelham, South Hadley, Ware, and Williamsburg.
- In Hampden County: Agawam, Chicopee, East Longmeadow, Hampden, Longmeadow, Ludlow, Springfield, West Springfield, and Wilbraham.
1920s–2002[]
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by . (November 2013) |
2003 to 2013[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ma02_109.gif/150px-Ma02_109.gif)
During this decade, the district contained the following municipalities:
- In Hampden County: Agawam, Brimfield, Chicopee, East Longmeadow, Hampden, Holland, Longmeadow, Ludlow, Monson, Palmer, Springfield, Wales, Wilbraham.
- In Hampshire County: Hadley, Northampton, South Hadley.
- In Norfolk County: Bellingham.
- In Worcester County: Blackstone, Brookfield, Charlton, Douglas, Dudley, East Brookfield, Grafton, Hopedale, Leicester, Mendon, Milford, Millbury, Millville, North Brookfield, Northbridge, Oxford, Southbridge, Spencer, Sturbridge, Sutton, Upton, Uxbridge, Warren, Webster.
Since 2013[]
- In Franklin County: Deerfield, Erving, Gill, Greenfield, Leverett, Montague, New Salem, Northfield, Orange, Shutesbury, Sunderland, Warwick, Wendell, and Whately.
- In Hampden County: Precinct 1A in Palmer
- In Hampshire County: Amherst, Belchertown, Hadley, Hatfield, Northampton, Pelham, and Ware.
- In Norfolk County: Precincts 4A and 5 in Bellingham
- In Worcester County: Athol, Auburn, Barre, Blackstone, Boylston, Douglas, Grafton, Hardwick, Holden, Hubbardston, Leicester, Leominster, Mendon, Millbury, Millville, New Braintree, North Brookfield, Northborough, Northbridge, Oakham, Oxford, Paxton, Petersham, Phillipston, Princeton, Royalston, Rutland, Shrewsbury, Spencer, Sterling, Sutton, Templeton, Upton, Uxbridge, Webster, West Boylston, West Brookfield, Westborough, Worcester, and Precinct 1 in Winchendon.
List of members representing the district[]
Member | Party | Years | Cong ress |
Electoral history | District location | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() Benjamin Goodhue |
Pro-Administration | March 4, 1789 – March 3, 1793 |
1st 2nd |
Elected January 29, 1789 on the second ballot. Re-elected October 4, 1790. Redistricted to the 1st district. |
1789–1793 Essex County | |
![]() Dwight Foster |
Pro-Administration | General ticket: March 4, 1793 – March 3, 1795 |
3rd | Elected April 1, 1793 on the third ballot as part of the four-seat general ticket, representing the district at-large. Redistricted to the 4th district. |
1793–1795 Berkshire County, Worcester County, and Hampshire County | |
![]() Theodore Sedgwick |
Pro-Administration | Redistricted from the 4th district and re-elected November 2, 1792, as part of the four-seat general ticket, representing the district from Berkshire County. Redistricted to the 1st district. | ||||
![]() Artemas Ward |
Pro-Administration | Redistricted from the 7th district and re-elected November 2, 1792, as part of the four-seat general ticket, representing the district from Worcester County. [data unknown/missing] | ||||
William Lyman | Anti-Administration | Elected April 1, 1793 on the third ballot as part of the four-seat general ticket, representing the district from Hampshire County. Re-elected November 3, 1794, as the sole representative from the district. Lost re-election. | ||||
Democratic-Republican | March 4, 1795 – March 3, 1797 |
4th | 1795–1803 "2nd Western district" | |||
![]() William Shepard |
Federalist | March 4, 1797 – March 3, 1803 |
5th 6th 7th |
Elected January 16, 1797 on the second ballot. Re-elected in 1798. Re-elected in 1800. Retired. | ||
![]() Jacob Crowninshield |
Democratic-Republican | March 4, 1803 – April 15, 1808 |
8th 9th 10th |
Elected in 1802. Re-elected in 1804. Re-elected in 1806. Died. |
1803–1823 "Essex South district" | |
Vacant | April 15, 1808 – May 24, 1808 |
10th | ||||
![]() Joseph Story |
Democratic-Republican | May 23, 1808 – March 3, 1809 |
Elected to finish Crowninshield's term. Retired. | |||
![]() Benjamin Pickman Jr. |
Federalist | March 4, 1809 – March 3, 1811 |
11th | Elected in 1808. Retired. | ||
![]() William Reed |
Federalist | March 4, 1811 – March 3, 1815 |
12th 13th |
Elected in 1810. Re-elected in 1812. Retired. | ||
![]() Timothy Pickering |
Federalist | March 4, 1815 – March 3, 1817 |
14th | Redistricted from the 3rd district and re-elected in 1814. Lost re-election. | ||
![]() Nathaniel Silsbee |
Democratic-Republican | March 4, 1817 – March 3, 1821 |
15th 16th |
Elected in 1816. Re-elected in 1818. Retired. | ||
Gideon Barstow | Democratic-Republican | March 4, 1821 – March 3, 1823 |
17th | Elected in 1821 on the third ballot. Retired. | ||
![]() Benjamin W. Crowninshield |
Democratic-Republican | March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1825 |
18th 19th 20th 21st |
Elected in 1823 on the second ballot. Re-elected in 1824. Re-elected in 1826. Re-elected in 1828. Lost re-election. |
1823–1833 "Essex South district" | |
Anti-Jacksonian | March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1831 | |||||
![]() Rufus Choate |
Anti-Jacksonian | March 4, 1831 – June 30, 1834 |
22nd 23rd |
Elected in 1830. Re-elected in 1833. Resigned. | ||
1833–1843 [data unknown/missing] | ||||||
Vacant | June 30, 1834 – December 1, 1834 |
23rd | ||||
![]() Stephen C. Phillips |
Anti-Jacksonian | December 1, 1834 – March 3, 1837 |
23rd 24th 25th |
Elected to finish Choate's term. Also elected to the full term in 1834. Re-elected in 1836. Resigned to become Mayor of Salem. | ||
Whig | March 4, 1837 – September 28, 1838 | |||||
Vacant | September 28, 1838 – November 12, 1838 |
25th | ||||
![]() Leverett Saltonstall |
Whig | November 12, 1838 – March 3, 1843 |
25th 26th 27th |
Elected to finish Phillips's term in 1838 and seated December 5, 1838. Also elected to the full term in 1838. Re-elected in 1840. Lost re-election. | ||
![]() Daniel P. King |
Whig | March 4, 1843 – July 25, 1850 |
28th 29th 30th 31st |
Elected in 1843 on the fourth ballot. Re-elected in 1844. Re-elected in 1846. Re-elected in 1848. Died. |
1843–1853 [data unknown/missing] | |
Vacant | July 25, 1850 – March 3, 1851 |
31st | ||||
![]() Robert Rantoul Jr. |
Democratic | March 4, 1851 – August 7, 1852 |
32nd | Elected in 1850. Died. | ||
Vacant | August 7, 1852 – December 13, 1852 | |||||
![]() Francis B. Fay |
Whig | December 13, 1852 – March 3, 1853 |
Elected to finish Rantoul's term. Retired. | |||
![]() Samuel L. Crocker |
Whig | March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855 |
33rd | Elected in 1852. Lost re-election. |
1853–1863 [data unknown/missing] | |
![]() James Buffington[9] |
Know Nothing | March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857 |
34th 35th 36th 37th |
Elected in 1854. Re-elected in 1856. Re-elected in 1858. Re-elected in 1860. Retired. | ||
Republican | March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1863 | |||||
![]() Oakes Ames[6] |
Republican | March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1873 |
38th 39th 40th 41st 42nd |
Elected in 1862. Re-elected in 1864. Re-elected in 1866. Re-elected in 1868. Re-elected in 1870. Retired. |
1863–1873 [data unknown/missing] | |
![]() Benjamin W. Harris[10][11] |
Republican | March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1883 |
43rd 44th 45th 46th 47th |
Elected in 1872. Re-elected in 1874. Re-elected in 1876. Re-elected in 1878. Re-elected in 1880. Retired. |
1873–1883 [data unknown/missing] | |
![]() John D. Long |
Republican | March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1889 |
48th 49th 50th |
Elected in 1882. Re-elected in 1884. Re-elected in 1886. Retired. |
1883–1893 [data unknown/missing] | |
![]() Elijah A. Morse |
Republican | March 4, 1889 – March 3, 1893 |
51st 52nd |
Elected in 1888. Re-elected in 1890. Redistricted to the 12th district. | ||
![]() Frederick H. Gillett[12][13] |
Republican | March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1925 |
53rd 54th 55th 56th 57th 58th 59th 60th 61st 62nd 63rd 64th 65th 66th 67th 68th |
Elected in 1892. Re-elected in 1894. Re-elected in 1896. Re-elected in 1898. Re-elected in 1900. Re-elected in 1902. Re-elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. Re-elected in 1908. Re-elected in 1910. Re-elected in 1912. Re-elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Re-elected in 1918. Re-elected in 1920. Re-elected in 1922. Retired to run for U.S. senator. |
1893–1903 [data unknown/missing] | |
1903–1913 [data unknown/missing] | ||||||
1913–1933 [data unknown/missing] | ||||||
![]() George B. Churchill |
Republican | March 4, 1925 – July 1, 1925 |
69th | Elected in 1924. Died. | ||
Vacant | July 1, 1925 – September 29, 1925 | |||||
![]() Henry L. Bowles |
Republican | September 29, 1925 – March 3, 1929 |
69th 70th |
Elected to finish Churchill's term. Re-elected in 1926. Retired. | ||
![]() Will Kirk Kaynor |
Republican | March 4, 1929 – December 20, 1929 |
71st | Elected in 1928. Died. | ||
Vacant | December 20, 1929 – February 11, 1930 | |||||
![]() William J. Granfield |
Democratic | February 11, 1930 – January 3, 1937 |
71st 72nd 73rd 74th |
Elected to finish Kaynor's term. Also elected to full term in 1930. Re-elected in 1932. Re-elected in 1932. Re-elected in 1934. Retired. | ||
1933–1943 [data unknown/missing] | ||||||
![]() Charles R. Clason[14] |
Republican | January 3, 1937 – January 3, 1949 |
75th 76th 77th 78th 79th 80th |
Elected in 1936. Re-elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Re-elected in 1942. Re-elected in 1944. Re-elected in 1946. Lost re-election. | ||
1943–1953 [data unknown/missing] | ||||||
![]() Foster Furcolo |
Democratic | January 3, 1949 – September 30, 1952 |
81st 82nd |
Elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Retired and then resigned early when appointed State Treasurer. | ||
Vacant | September 30, 1952 – January 3, 1953 |
82nd | ||||
![]() Edward Boland[15] |
Democratic | January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1989 |
83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th 88th 89th 90th 91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th 98th 99th 100th |
Elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Re-elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Retired. |
1953–1963 [data unknown/missing] | |
1963–1973 [data unknown/missing] | ||||||
1973–1983 [data unknown/missing] | ||||||
1983–1993 [data unknown/missing] | ||||||
![]() Richard Neal[16] |
Democratic | January 3, 1989 – January 3, 2013 |
101st 102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th 111th 112th |
Elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Redistricted to the 1st district. | ||
1993–2003 [data unknown/missing] | ||||||
2003–2013![]() | ||||||
![]() Jim McGovern |
Democratic | January 3, 2013 – Present |
113th 114th 115th 116th 117th |
Redistricted from the 3rd district and re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. |
2013–present![]() | |
Member | Party | Years | Cong ress |
Electoral history | District location |
Recent election results[]
1988[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Richard Neal | 156,262 | 80.23 | |
Republican | Louis R. Godena | 38,446 | 19.74 | |
Write-in | 52 | 0.01 | ||
Majority | 117,816 | 60.40 | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold |
1990[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Richard Neal (Incumbent) | 134,152 | 67.99 | −12.24 | |
Write-in | 63,169 | 32.01 | +32.00 | ||
Majority | 70,983 | 35.98 | −24.42 | ||
Turnout | 197,321 | ||||
Democratic hold | Swing |
1992[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Richard Neal (Incumbent) | 131,215 | 53.09 | −14.90 | |
Republican | Anthony W. Ravosa, Jr. | 76,795 | 31.07 | +31.07 | |
Independent | Thomas R. Sheehan | 38,963 | 15.76 | +15.76 | |
Write-in | 190 | 0.07 | −31.94 | ||
Majority | 54,420 | 22.02 | −13.96 | ||
Turnout | 247,163 | ||||
Democratic hold | Swing |
1994[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Richard Neal (Incumbent) | 117,178 | 58.55 | +5.46 | |
Republican | John M. Briare | 72,732 | 36.34 | +5.27 | |
Natural Law | Kate Ross | 10,167 | 5.08 | +5.08 | |
Write-in | 46 | 0.02 | −0.05 | ||
Majority | 44,446 | 22.21 | +0.19 | ||
Turnout | 200,123 | ||||
Democratic hold | Swing |
1996[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Richard Neal (Incumbent) | 162,995 | 71.67 | +13.12 | |
Republican | Mark Steele | 49,885 | 21.94 | −14.40 | |
Independent | Scott Andrichak | 9,181 | 4.04 | +4.04 | |
Natural Law | Richard Kaynor | 5,124 | 2.25 | −2.83 | |
Write-in | 226 | 0.10 | +0.08 | ||
Majority | 113,110 | 49.74 | +27.53 | ||
Turnout | 227,411 | ||||
Democratic hold | Swing |
1998[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Richard Neal (Incumbent) | 130,550 | 98.95 | +27.28 | |
Write-in | 1,383 | 1.05 | +0.95 | ||
Majority | 129,167 | 97.90 | +48.16 | ||
Turnout | 131,933 | ||||
Democratic hold | Swing |
2000[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Richard Neal (Incumbent) | 196,670 | 98.91 | −0.04 | |
Write-in | 2,176 | 1.09 | +0.04 | ||
Majority | 194,494 | 97.81 | −0.09 | ||
Turnout | 253,867 | ||||
Democratic hold | Swing |
2002[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Richard Neal (Incumbent) | 153,387 | 99.13 | +0.22 | |
Write-in | 1,341 | 0.87 | −0.22 | ||
Majority | 152,046 | 98.26 | +0.45 | ||
Turnout | 208,498 | ||||
Democratic hold | Swing |
2004[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Richard Neal (Incumbent) | 217,682 | 98.96 | −0.17 | |
Write-in | 2,282 | 1.04 | +0.17 | ||
Majority | 227,183 | 97.92 | −0.34 | ||
Turnout | 287,871 | ||||
Democratic hold | Swing |
2006[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Richard Neal (Incumbent) | 164,939 | 98.65 | −0.31 | |
Write-in | 2,254 | 1.35 | +0.31 | ||
Majority | 162,685 | 97.30 | −0.62 | ||
Turnout | 214,939 | ||||
Democratic hold | Swing |
2008[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Richard Neal (Incumbent) | 234,369 | 98.47 | −0.18 | |
Write-in | 3,631 | 1.53 | +0.18 | ||
Majority | 230,738 | 96.95 | −0.35 | ||
Turnout | 306,820 | ||||
Democratic hold | Swing |
2010[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Richard Neal (Incumbent) | 122,751 | 57.33 | −41.14 | |
Republican | Thomas A. Wesley | 91,209 | 42.60 | +42.60 | |
Write-in | 164 | 0.08 | −1.45 | ||
Majority | 31,542 | 14.73 | −82.12 | ||
Turnout | 220,424 | ||||
Democratic hold | Swing |
2012[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Jim McGovern (Incumbent) | 259,257 | 98.5 | |
Write-in | 4,078 | 1.5 | ||
Total votes | 263,335 | 100 | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold |
2014[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Jim McGovern (Incumbent) | 169,640 | 98.20 | |
Write-in | 3,105 | 1.80 | ||
Total votes | 172,745 | 100 | ||
Democratic hold |
2016[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Jim McGovern (Incumbent) | 275,487 | 98.24 | |
Write-in | 4,924 | 1.76 | ||
Total votes | 280,411 | 100 | ||
Democratic hold |
2018[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Jim McGovern (incumbent) | 191,332 | 67.2% | |
Republican | Tracy Lovvorn | 93,391 | 32.8% | |
Independent | Paul Grady | |||
Total votes | 293,163 |
2020[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Jim McGovern (incumbent) | 249,854 | 65.3% | |
Republican | Tracy Lovvorn | 132,220 | 34.6% | |
Write-in | 378 | 0.1 | ||
Total votes | 382,452 |
References[]
- ^ "My Congressional District".
- ^ "Partisan Voting Index –
Introducing the 2021 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index". The Cook Political Report. April 15, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2021. - ^ http://www.sec.state.ma.us/spr/sprcat/catpdf2010/cong2010/CongressionalDistrict_2011State.pdf Access Date March 29, 2012
- ^ a b c "United States - Massachusetts - MA - District 02". Our Campaigns. April 14, 2011. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
- ^ "State Apportionment; districts of the Commonwealth for the choice of one representative to Congress in each district". Massachusetts Register ... for 1843. Boston: Loring. 1779.
- ^ a b Ben. Perley Poore (1869). "Massachusetts". Congressional Directory for the First Session of the Forty-First Congress (2nd ed.). Washington DC: Government Printing Office. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081796686.
- ^ "Massachusetts". Official Congressional Directory: 59th Congress (2nd ed.). Washington DC: Government Printing Office. 1905.
- ^ "Massachusetts". Official Congressional Directory: 64th Congress (2nd ed.). Washington DC: Government Printing Office. 1916. hdl:2027/uc1.l0075858456.
- ^ "Massachusetts". Congressional Directory for the Second Session of the Thirty-Seventh Congress. Washington DC: House of Representatives. 1861.
- ^ Ben. Perley Poore (1878). "Massachusetts". Congressional Directory: 45th Congress (3rd ed.). Washington DC: Government Printing Office.
- ^ Ben. Perley Poore (1882). "Massachusetts". Congressional Directory: 47th Congress (3rd ed.). Washington DC: Government Printing Office.
- ^ L.A. Coolidge (1897). "Massachusetts". Official Congressional Directory: Fifty-Fifth Congress. Washington DC: Government Printing Office.
- ^ A.J. Halford (1909). "Massachusetts". Congressional Directory: 60th Congress (2nd ed.). Washington DC: Government Printing Office.
- ^ "Massachusetts". Official Congressional Directory: 75th Congress (2nd ed.). Washington DC: Government Printing Office. 1938.
- ^ "Massachusetts". Official Congressional Directory: 90th Congress. Washington DC: Government Printing Office. 1968.
- ^ "Massachusetts". 1991-1992 Official Congressional Directory: 102nd Congress. Washington DC: Government Printing Office. 1991.
- ^ "Return of Votes for Massachusetts State Elections, November 6, 2013" (PDF). Secretary of State for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. November 23, 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2013.
- ^ The totals do not include Blank/Scatterings Ballots although they were reported.
- ^ "Massachusetts Secretary of State Election Results 2014" (PDF). Massachusetts Secretary of State. November 4, 2014. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
- ^ "Massachusetts Secretary of State General Election Results 2016". Massachusetts Secretary of State. November 8, 2016. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
External links[]
![]() |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district. |
- CNN.com 2004 election results
- CNN.com 2006 election results
- Map of Massachusetts's 2nd Congressional District, 2003–2013, via Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth
- Rose Institute of State and Local Government, "Massachusetts: 2010 Redistricting Changes: Second District", Redistricting by State, Claremont, CA: Claremont McKenna College, archived from the original on September 15, 2020
- "Our Campaigns - United States - Massachusetts - MA - District 02". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
Coordinates: 42°23′06″N 72°07′07″W / 42.38500°N 72.11861°W
- Congressional districts of Massachusetts
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