10th United States Congress

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10th United States Congress
9th ←
→ 11th
USCapitol1800.jpg
United States Capitol (1800)
March 4, 1807 – March 4, 1809
Members34 senators
142 representatives
3 non-voting delegates
Senate MajorityDemocratic-Republican
Senate PresidentGeorge Clinton (DR)
House MajorityDemocratic-Republican
House SpeakerJoseph Bradley Varnum (DR)
Sessions
1st: October 26, 1807 – April 25, 1808
2nd: November 7, 1808 – March 3, 1809

The 10th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1807, to March 4, 1809, during the seventh and eighth years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1800 census; both chambers had an overwhelming Democratic-Republican majority.

Major events[]

Main articles: 1807 in the United States, 1808 in the United States, and 1809 in the United States
  • May 22, 1807: Former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr was indicted for treason. He was acquitted September 1, 1807
  • June 1807: Chesapeake-Leopard Affair: The British warship HMS Leopard (1790) captured and boarded the USS Chesapeake (1799).
  • August 17, 1807: The Clermont, Robert Fulton's first American steamboat, left New York City for Albany, New York, on the Hudson River, inaugurating the first commercial steamboat service in the world.
  • January 1, 1808: The importation of slaves into the United States was banned
President of the Senate George Clinton
President pro tempore
Stephen R. Bradley
Speaker of the House
Joseph B. Varnum

Major legislation[]

Main article: List of United States federal legislation § 10th United States Congress

Territories organized[]

Party summary[]

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate[]

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Democratic-
Republican
(DR) 		Federalist
(F)
End of previous congress 27 7 34 0
Begin 28 6 34 0
End
Final voting share 82.4% 17.6%
Beginning of next congress 26 7 33 1

House of Representatives[]

Party
(shading shows control) 		Total Vacant
Democratic-
Republican
(DR) 		Federalist
(F)
End of previous congress 113 28 141 1
Begin 115 25 140 2
End 27 1420
Final voting share 81.0% 19.0%
Beginning of next congress 95 47 142 0

Leadership[]

Senate[]

  • President: George Clinton (DR)
  • President pro tempore: Samuel Smith (DR), elected April 16, 1808
    • Stephen R. Bradley (DR), elected December 28, 1808
    • John Milledge (DR), elected January 30, 1809

House of Representatives[]

  • Speaker: Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR)

Members[]

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate[]

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.

House of Representatives[]

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Changes in membership[]

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate[]

There were 5 resignations, 2 deaths, and 1 interim appointment. Neither party had a net change.

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate
State
(class) 		Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[a]
Georgia
(2) 		Abraham Baldwin (DR) Died March 4, 1807.
Temporary successor appointed August 27, 1807, to continue the term. 		George Jones (DR) August 27, 1807
Connecticut
(3) 		Uriah Tracy (F) Died July 19, 1807.
Successor elected October 25, 1807, to finish the term. 		Chauncey Goodrich (F) October 25, 1807
Rhode Island
(2) 		James Fenner (DR) Resigned September, 1807 to become Governor of Rhode Island.
Successor elected to finish the term. 		Elisha Mathewson (DR) October 26, 1807
Vermont
(1) 		Israel Smith (DR) Resigned October 1, 1807, to become Governor of Vermont.
Successor elected to finish the term. 		Jonathan Robinson (DR) October 10, 1807
Georgia
(2) 		George Jones (DR) Successor elected November 7, 1807, to finish the term, in place of a temporary appointee. William H. Crawford (DR) November 7, 1807
Ohio
(1) 		John Smith (DR) Resigned April 25, 1808.
Successor appointed to finish the term ending March 4, 1809. 		Return J. Meigs Jr. (DR) December 12, 1808
Massachusetts
(1) 		John Quincy Adams (F) Resigned June 8, 1808, having broken with his party and lost re-election to the next term.
Winner elected to finish the term, having already won election to the next term. 		James Lloyd (F) June 9, 1808
Pennsylvania
(1) 		Samuel Maclay (DR) Resigned January 4, 1809, believing he would lose re-election.
Winner was elected to finish the term, having already won election to the next term. 		Michael Leib (DR) January 9, 1809

House of Representatives[]

Of the voting members, there were 4 resignations, 4 deaths, and 2 vacancies from the beginning of this Congress. Democratic-Republicans had no net change and Federalists picked up 2 seats.

Main article: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives
District Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[a]
South Carolina
6th 		Vacant Levi Casey (DR) died before the end of the preceding Congress Joseph Calhoun (DR) Seated June 2, 1807
Delaware
at-large 		Vacant James M. Broom (F) resigned before the beginning of this Congress Nicholas Van Dyke (F) Seated October 6, 1807
Massachusetts
12th 		Barnabas Bidwell (DR) Resigned July 13, 1807, after becoming attorney General of Massachusetts Ezekiel Bacon (DR) Seated September 16, 1807
North Carolina
7th 		John Culpepper (F) Seat declared vacant January 2, 1808 John Culpepper (F) Seated February 23, 1808
New Jersey
at-large 		Ezra Darby (DR) Died January 27, 1808 Adam Boyd (DR) Seated March 8, 1808
Indiana Territory
at-large 		Benjamin Parke
 Resigned March 1, 1808 Jesse B. Thomas October 22, 1808
Pennsylvania
1st 		Joseph Clay (DR) Resigned March 28, 1808 Benjamin Say (DR) Seated November 16, 1808
Massachusetts
2nd 		Jacob Crowninshield (DR) Died April 15, 1808 Joseph Story (DR) Seated May 23, 1808
New York
12th 		David Thomas (DR) Resigned May 1, 1808, after becoming New York State Treasurer Nathan Wilson (DR) November 7, 1808
Vermont
1st 		James Witherell (DR) Resigned May 1, 1808, after becoming judge of Supreme Court for Michigan Territory Samuel Shaw (DR) Seated September 6, 1808
Rhode Island
at-large 		Nehemiah Knight (DR) Died June 13, 1808 Richard Jackson Jr. (F) Seated November 11, 1808
Virginia
17th 		John Claiborne (DR) Died October 9, 1808 Thomas Gholson Jr. (DR) Seated November 7, 1808

Committees[]

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate[]

House of Representatives[]

  • Accounts (Chairman: Nicholas R. Moore)
  • (Select)
  • Claims (Chairman: David Holmes)
  • Commerce and Manufactures (Chairman: Thomas Newton Jr.)
  • (Select)
  • District of Columbia (Chairman: David Holmes)
  • Elections (Chairman: William Findley)
  • Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John Rhea)
  • Public Lands (Chairman: John Boyle then Jeremiah Morrow)
  • Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: John Clopton)
  • Rules (Select)
  • Standards of Official Conduct
  • Ways and Means (Chairman: George W. Campbell)
  • Whole

Joint committees[]

  • Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Sen. James Turner)
  • The Library (Chairman: N/A)

Employees[]

Legislative branch agency directors[]

  • Architect of the Capitol: Benjamin Latrobe
  • Librarian of Congress: Patrick Magruder

Senate[]

  • Chaplain: John J. Sayrs (Episcopalian), until November 10, 1807
    • Alexander T. McCormick (Episcopalian), elected November 10, 1807
    • Robert Elliott (Presbyterian), elected November 10, 1808
  • Secretary: Samuel A. Otis
  • Sergeant at Arms: James Mathers

House of Representatives[]

  • Chaplain: Robert Elliott Presbyterian, until October 30, 1807
    • Obadiah B. Brown, Baptist, from October 30, 1807
  • Clerk: John J. Beckley, until April 8, 1807 (died)
    • Patrick Magruder, from April 8, 1807
  • Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton
  • Reading Clerks:[data unknown/missing]
  • Sergeant at Arms: Joseph Wheaton, until October 27, 1807
    • , from October 27, 1807

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ a b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.

References[]

  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

External links[]

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