1808 and 1809 United States House of Representatives elections

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1808 and 1809 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1806 & 1807 April 26, 1808 – May 5, 1809 1810 & 1811 →

All 142 seats in the United States House of Representatives
72 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
  JosephBradleyVarnum.jpg TimothyPitkin.jpg
Leader Joseph Bradley Varnum Timothy Pitkin
Party Democratic-Republican Federalist
Leader's seat Massachusetts 4th Connecticut at-large
Last election 116 seats 26 seats
Seats won 94[1][a] 48[1][a]
Seat change Decrease 22 Increase 22

Speaker before election

Joseph Bradley Varnum
Democratic-Republican

Elected Speaker

Joseph Bradley Varnum
Democratic-Republican

The 1808 and 1809 United States House of Representatives elections were held at various dates in different states between April 1808 and May 1809 as James Madison was elected president.

Despite Madison's victory, voters in districts whose economies were driven by shipping or manufacturing rather than agriculture shifted to the Federalist Party mainly due to the unpopularity of the Embargo Act of 1807 and fears that Democratic-Republican Party policies could trigger a naval war with France or Britain. The politically dominant Democratic-Republicans won their smallest majority since the pivotal, realigning election of 1800.

Election summaries[]

94 48
Democratic-Republican Federalist
State Type Date Total
seats
Democratic-
Republican
Federalist
Seats Change Seats Change
New York Districts April 26–28, 1808 17 9 Decrease6 8 Increase6
Kentucky Districts August 1, 1808 6 6 Steady 0 Steady
North Carolina Districts August 12, 1808 12 9 Decrease2 3 Increase2
New Hampshire At-large August 29, 1808 5 0 Decrease5 5 Increase5
Rhode Island At-large August 30, 1808 2 0 Decrease2 2 Increase2
Vermont Districts September 6, 1808[b] 4 1 Decrease1 3 Increase1
Connecticut At-large September 19, 1808 7 0 Steady 7 Steady
Georgia At-large October 3, 1808 4 4 Steady 0 Steady
Maryland Districts 9 6 Steady 3 Steady
Delaware At-large October 4, 1808 1 0 Steady 1 Steady
South Carolina Districts October 10–11, 1808 8 8 Steady 0 Steady
Ohio At-large October 11, 1808 1 1 Steady 0 Steady
Pennsylvania Districts 18 16 Increase1 2 Decrease1
Massachusetts Districts November 7, 1808 17 8 Decrease3 9 Increase3
New Jersey At-large November 7–8, 1808 6 6 Steady 0 Steady
Late elections (after the March 4, 1809 beginning of the next Congress)
Virginia Districts April 1809 22 17 Decrease4 5 Increase4
Tennessee Districts May 4–5, 1809 3 3 Steady 0 Steady
Total 142 94[2][a]
66.2%
Decrease23 48[2][a]
33.8%
Increase23
House seats
Dem-Republican
66.20%
Federalist
33.80%

Special elections[]

There were special elections in 1808 and 1809 during the 10th United States Congress and 11th United States Congress.

Elections are sorted here by date then district.

10th Congress[]

District Incumbent This race
Member / Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
North Carolina 7 John Culpepper Federalist 1806 Seat declared vacant January 2, 1808 due to a contest on account of alleged irregularities.
Incumbent re-elected February 1, 1808.[1]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Incumbent re-seated February 23, 1808.[3]
Incumbent later lost re-election, see below.
  • Green tickY John Culpepper (Federalist) 56.5%
  • Duncan McFarlan (Democratic-Republican) 42.7%[4]
New Jersey at-large Ezra Darby Democratic-Republican 1804 Incumbent died January 27, 1808.
New member elected March 8–9, 1808.[1]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor seated April 1, 1808.[3]
Successor later elected to the next term, see below.
  • Green tickY Adam Boyd (Democratic-Republican) 82.3%
  • Aaron Ogden (Federalist) 9.7%
  • Ebenezer Elmer (Democratic-Republican) 4.0%
  • Others 3.9%[5][6]
New York 12 David Thomas Democratic-Republican 1800 Incumbent resigned February 5, 1808 to become New York State Treasurer..
New member elected April 26–28, 1808.[1]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor seated November 7, 1808.[3]
Successor lost election the same day to the next term in the redistricted 6th district, see below.
  • Green tickY Nathan Wilson (Democratic-Republican) 57.4%
  • Asa Fitch (Federalist) 42.6%
  • Others <0.1%[7][8]
Massachusetts 2
"Essex South district"
Jacob Crowninshield Democratic-Republican 1802 Incumbent died April 15, 1808.
New member elected May 4, 1808.[1]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor seated December 20, 1808.[3]
Successor later retired instead of running for the next term, see below.
  • Green tickY Joseph Story (Democratic-Republican) 98.3%
  • Others 1.7%[9][10]
Rhode Island at-large Nehemiah Knight Democratic-Republican 1802 Incumbent died June 13, 1808.
New member elected August 30, 1808.[1]
Federalist gain.
Successor seated November 11, 1808.[3]
Successor also elected the same day to the next term, see below.
  • Green tickY Richard Jackson Jr. (Federalist) 63.4%
  • Jonathan Russell (Democratic-Republican) 36.6%[11]
Vermont 1
"Southwestern district"
James Witherell Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent resigned May 1, 1808 to become judge of the Supreme Court of Michigan Territory.
New member elected September 6, 1808.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor seated November 8, 1808.[3]
Successor also elected the same day to the next term, see below.
  • Green tickY Samuel Shaw (Democratic-Republican) 56.7%
  • Nathan Robinson (Federalist) 20.7%
  • Chauncey Langdon (Federalist) 19.0%
  • Jonas Galusha (Democratic-Republican) 2.4%
  • Others 1.1%
Virginia 17 John Claiborne Democratic-Republican 1805 Incumbent died October 9, 1808.
New member elected September 8, 1808.[12][1]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor seated November 7, 1808.[3]
Successor later elected to the next term, see below.
  • Green tickY Thomas Gholson Jr. (Democratic-Republican)
  • Unopposed[12]
Indiana Territory at-large Benjamin Parke Federalist 1805 Incumbent resigned March 1, 1808.
New delegate elected October 22, 1808.
Democratic-Republican gain.
  • Green tickY Jesse B. Thomas (Democratic-Republican) 60%
  • 30%
  • Shadrack Bond 10%[c][13]
Pennsylvania 1 Joseph Clay Democratic-Republican 1802 Incumbent resigned March 28, 1808.
New member elected October 11, 1808.[1]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor seated November 16, 1808.[3]
Successor elected the same day to the next term, see below.
  • Green tickY Benjamin Say (Democratic-Republican) 55.7%
  • (Federalist) 44.3%[14][15]

11th Congress[]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Pennsylvania 1 Benjamin Say Democratic-Republican 1808 (Special) Incumbent resigned June 1809.
New member elected October 10, 1809.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor seated November 27, 1809.[16]
  • Green tickY Adam Seybert (Democratic-Republican) 59.5%
  • (Federalist) 40.5%[17]
Virginia 21 Wilson C. Nicholas Democratic-Republican 1807 Incumbent resigned November 27, 1809.
New member elected December 1809.[1]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor seated January 17, 1810.[16]
  • Green tickY David S. Garland (Democratic-Republican)
  • Thomas M. Randolph (Federalist)[d][18][19]

Connecticut[]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Connecticut at-large
(7 seats)
Epaphroditus Champion Federalist 1806 Incumbent re-elected. Elected on a general ticket:
  • Green tickY Epaphroditus Champion (Federalist)[d]
  • Green tickY Samuel W. Dana (Federalist)
  • Green tickY John Davenport (Federalist)
  • Green tickY Jonathan O. Moseley (Federalist)
  • Green tickY Timothy Pitkin (Federalist)
  • Green tickY Lewis B. Sturges (Federalist)
  • Green tickY Benjamin Tallmadge (Federalist)
    Sylvanus Backus (Federalist)
    Asa Bacon (Federalist)
  • John Caldwell (Federalist)
  • Sylvester Gilbert (Federalist)
  • Uriel Holmes (Federalist)
  • Ebenezer Huntington (Federalist)
  • Lyman Law (Federalist)
  • Samuel B. Sherwood (Federalist)
  • Nathan Smith (Federalist)
  • Nathaniel Terry (Federalist)
  • Noah Webster (Federalist)
Samuel W. Dana Federalist 1796 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
John Davenport Federalist 1798 Incumbent re-elected.
Jonathan O. Moseley Federalist 1804 Incumbent re-elected.
Timothy Pitkin Federalist 1805 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
Lewis B. Sturges Federalist 1805 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
Benjamin Tallmadge Federalist 1801 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.

Delaware[]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Delaware at-large Nicholas Van Dyke Federalist 1807 (Special) Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Federalist hold.
  • Green tickY Nicholas Van Dyke (Federalist) 53.3%
  • Joseph Haslet (Democratic-Republican) 46.7%

Georgia[]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Georgia at-large
(4 seats)
William W. Bibb Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent re-elected. Elected on a general ticket:
  • Green tickY William W. Bibb (Democratic-Republican) 22.7%
  • Green tickY George Troup (Democratic-Republican) 22.2%
  • Green tickY Howell Cobb (Democratic-Republican) 20.6%
  • Green tickY Dennis Smelt (Democratic-Republican) 14.8%
  • James E. Houston (Democratic-Republican) 11.1%
  • John M. Dooley (Democratic-Republican) 8.6%
George M. Troup Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
Howell Cobb Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
Dennis Smelt Democratic-Republican 1806 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.

Indiana Territory[]

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Kentucky[]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Kentucky 1 Matthew Lyon Democratic-Republican 1797 (in Vermont)
1803
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Matthew Lyon (Democratic-Republican)[d]
  • Anthony New (Democratic-Republican)
Kentucky 2 John Boyle Democratic-Republican 1803 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • Green tickY Samuel McKee (Democratic-Republican)[d]
  • Philip Trapnell
  • John L. Bridges
Kentucky 3 John Rowan Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • Green tickY Henry Crist (Democratic-Republican)[d]
  • Stephen Ormsby (Democratic-Republican)
Kentucky 4 Richard M. Johnson Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Richard M. Johnson (Democratic-Republican)
  • Unopposed
Kentucky 5 Benjamin Howard Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Benjamin Howard (Democratic-Republican)
  • Unopposed
Kentucky 6 Joseph Desha Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Joseph Desha (Democratic-Republican)
  • Unopposed

Maryland[]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maryland 1 John Campbell Federalist 1801 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John Campbell (Federalist) 70.1%
  • James Fenwick (Democratic-Republican) 29.7%
Maryland 2 Archibald Van Horne Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Archibald Van Horne (Democratic-Republican) 60.0%
  • Henry A. Callis (Federalist) 40.0%
Maryland 3 Philip Barton Key Federalist 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Philip Barton Key (Federalist) 66.5%
  • John Wampler (Democratic-Republican) 33.5%
Maryland 4 Roger Nelson Democratic-Republican 1804 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Roger Nelson (Democratic-Republican) 51.8%
  • Upton Bruce (Federalist) 48.2%
Maryland 5
Plural district with 2 seats
Nicholas R. Moore Democratic-Republican 1803 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Nicholas R. Moore (Democratic-Republican) 44.8%
  • Green tickY Alexander McKim (Democratic-Republican) 43.4%
  • William Winder (Federalist) 11.9%
William McCreery Democratic-Republican 1803 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Maryland 6 John Montgomery Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John Montgomery (Democratic-Republican) 51.5%
  • William Spencer (Federalist) 32.9%
  • John Archer (Democratic-Republican) 15.6%
Maryland 7 Edward Lloyd Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • Green tickY John Brown (Democratic-Republican) 58.6%
  • Robert H. Goldsborough (Federalist) 41.4%
Maryland 8 Charles Goldsborough Federalist 1804 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Charles Goldsborough (Federalist) 75.1%
  • Charles Nutter (Democratic-Republican) 24.9%

Massachusetts[]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Massachusetts 1
"Suffolk district"
Josiah Quincy Federalist 1804 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Josiah Quincy (Federalist) 59.1%
  • William Jarvis (Democratic-Republican) 40.8%
Massachusetts 2
"Essex South district"
Joseph Story Democratic-Republican 1808 (Special) Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Federalist gain.
  • Green tickY Benjamin Pickman Jr. (Federalist) 52.2%
  • Daniel Kilham (Democratic-Republican) 47.8%
Massachusetts 3
"Essex North district"
Edward St. Loe Livermore Federalist 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Edward St. Loe Livermore (Federalist) 63.6%
  • Thomas Kitteridge (Democratic-Republican) 36.0%
Massachusetts 4
"Middlesex district"
Joseph Bradley Varnum Democratic-Republican 1794 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Joseph Bradley Varnum (Democratic-Republican) 63.4%
  • Abraham Bigelow (Federalist) 36.%
Massachusetts 5
"Hampshire South district"
William Ely Federalist 1804 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY William Ely (Federalist) 66.0%
  • Samuel Fowler (Democratic-Republican) 33.9%
Massachusetts 6
"Hampshire North district"
Samuel Taggart Federalist 1803 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Samuel Taggart (Federalist) 68.4%
  • Solomon Snead (Democratic-Republican) 31.5%
Massachusetts 7
"Plymouth district"
Joseph Barker Democratic-Republican 1804 Incumbent retired.
Two ballots were held, but the second was invalidated.[e]
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • Green tickY Charles Turner Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 50.4%
  • William Baylies (Federalist) 49.2%
Massachusetts 8
"Barnstable district"
Isaiah L. Green Democratic-Republican 1804 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • Green tickY Gideon Gardner (Democratic-Republican) 58.1%
  • Wendall Davis (Federalist) 41.9%
Massachusetts 9
"Bristol district"
Josiah Dean Democratic-Republican 1806 Lost re-election
Federalist gain.
  • Green tickY Laban Wheaton (Federalist) 56.8%
  • Josiah Dean (Democratic-Republican) 42.7%
Massachusetts 10
"Worcester South district"
Jabez Upham Federalist 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Jabez Upham (Federalist) 54.3%
  • Edward Bangs (Democratic-Republican) 44.4%
  • John Spurr (Democratic-Republican) 1.2%
Massachusetts 11
"Worcester North district"
William Stedman Federalist 1803 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY William Stedman (Federalist) 65.3%
  • Moses White (Democratic-Republican) 32.3%
  • Abijah Bigelow (Federalist) 1.8%
Massachusetts 12
"Berkshire district"
Ezekiel Bacon Democratic-Republican 1807 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Ezekiel Bacon (Democratic-Republican) 54.4%
  • John W. Hulbert (Federalist) 45.6%
Massachusetts 13
"Norfolk district"
Ebenezer Seaver Democratic-Republican 1803 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Ebenezer Seaver (Democratic-Republican) 57.7%
  • Edward Robbins (Federalist) 42.1%
Massachusetts 14
"York district," District of Maine
Richard Cutts Democratic-Republican 1801 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Richard Cutts (Democratic-Republican) 51.2%
  • Joseph Leland (Federalist) 47.7%
  • Others 1.0%
Massachusetts 15
"Cumberland district," District of Maine
Daniel Ilsley Democratic-Republican 1804 Lost re-election
Federalist gain.
  • Green tickY Ezekiel Whitman (Federalist) 50.9%
  • Daniel Ilsley (Democratic-Republican) 49.1%
Massachusetts 16
"Lincoln district," District of Maine
Orchard Cook Democratic-Republican 1804 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Orchard Cook (Democratic-Republican) 50.9%
  • Alden Bradford (Federalist) 48.1%
  • Barzillai Gannett (Democratic-Republican) 1.0%
Massachusetts 17
"Kennebec district," District of Maine
John Chandler Democratic-Republican 1804 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • Green tickY Barzillai Gannett (Democratic-Republican) 50.6%
  • Thomas Rice (Federalist) 48.7%

Mississippi Territory[]

See Non-voting delegates, below.

New Hampshire[]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New Hampshire at-large
(5 seats)
Peter Carleton Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Federalist gain.
Elected on a general ticket:
  • Green tickY William Hale (Federalist) 11.1%
  • Green tickY Nathaniel A. Haven (Federalist) 11.1%
  • Green tickY John C. Chamberlain (Federalist) 11.0%
  • Green tickY Daniel Blaisdell (Federalist) 11.0%
  • Green tickY James Wilson (Federalist) 11.0%
  • Francis Gardner (Democratic-Republican) 9.0%
  • Jedediah K. Smith (Democratic-Republican) 9.0%
  • Daniel Durell (Democratic-Republican) 9.0%
  • Charles Cutts (Democratic-Republican) 9.0%
  • Clement Storer (Democratic-Republican) 9.0%
Daniel M. Durell Democratic-Republican 1806 Lost re-election.
New member elected.
Federalist gain.
Francis Gardner Democratic-Republican 1806 Lost re-election.
New member elected.
Federalist gain.
Jedediah K. Smith Democratic-Republican 1806 Lost re-election.
New member elected.
Federalist gain.
Clement Storer Democratic-Republican 1806 Lost re-election.
New member elected.
Federalist gain.

New Jersey[]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New Jersey at-large
(6 seats)
Adam Boyd Democratic-Republican 1808 (Special) Incumbent re-elected. Elected on a general ticket:
  • Green tickY Henry Southard (Democratic-Republican) 9.4%
  • Green tickY Adam Boyd (Democratic-Republican) 9.4%
  • Green tickY William Helms (Democratic-Republican) 9.4%
  • Green tickY Thomas Newbold (Democratic-Republican) 9.3%
  • Green tickY James Cox (Democratic-Republican) 9.3%
  • Green tickY Jacob Hufty' (Democratic-Republican) 9.3%
  • John Beatty (Democratic-Republican) 7.4%
  • William Campfield (Federalist) 7.4%
  • William Coxe Jr. (Federalist) 7.4%
  • John Neilson (Federalist) 7.3%
  • Aaron Ogden (Federalist) 7.3%
  • Samuel Harrison (Federalist) 7.3%
Thomas Newbold Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
William Helms Democratic-Republican 1800 Incumbent re-elected.
John Lambert Democratic-Republican 1804 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Henry Southard Democratic-Republican 1800 Incumbent re-elected.
James Sloan Democratic-Republican 1803 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.

New York[]

Between the 1806 and 1808 elections, New York went through a redistricting that reduced the number of districts to 15 by creating two plural districts with two seats each. This brought the state's 17-seat delegation from a 15-2 ratio favoring Democratic-Republicans to a nearly-even 9-8 split in their favor.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New York 1 Samuel Riker Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • Green tickY Ebenezer Sage (Democratic-Republican) 38.7%
  • Benjamin B. Blydenburgh (Federalist) 38.3%
  • John W. Seaman (Democratic-Republican) 23.0%
New York 2
Plural district with 2 seats
Gurdon S. Mumford
Redistricted from the 2nd/3rd district
Democratic-Republican 1804 (Special) Incumbent re-elected but declined the seat.
  • Green tickY William Denning (Democratic-Republican) 28.6%
  • Green tickY Gurdon S. Mumford (Democratic-Republican) 28.5%
  • William Henderson (Federalist) 21.5%
  • Barent Gardenier (Federalist) 21.4%
George Clinton Jr.
Redistricted from the 2nd/3rd district
Democratic-Republican 1805 (Special) Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
New York 3 John Blake Jr.
Redistricted from the 5th district
Democratic-Republican 1804 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • Green tickY Jonathan Fisk (Democratic-Republican) 53.3%
  • Richard Hatfield (Federalist) 46.7%
Philip Van Cortlandt
Redistricted from the 4th district
Democratic-Republican 1793 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican loss.
New York 4 Daniel C. Verplanck
Redistricted from the 6th district
Democratic-Republican 1803 (Special) Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Federalist gain.
  • Green tickY James Emott (Federalist) 74.3%
  • Robert Johnston (Democratic-Republican) 25.7%
New York 5 Barent Gardenier
Redistricted from the 7th district
Federalist 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Barent Gardenier (Federalist) 56.5%
  • John Dill (Democratic-Republican) 43.5%
New York 6
Plural district with 2 seats
James I. Van Alen
Redistricted from the 8th district
Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Federalist gain.
  • Green tickY Herman Knickerbocker (Federalist) 26.2%
  • Green tickY Robert Le Roy Livingston (Federalist) 26.1%
  • James I. Van Alen (Democratic-Republican) 23.9%
  • James L. Hogeboom (Democratic-Republican) 23.8%
Josiah Masters
Redistricted from the 10th district
Democratic-Republican 1804 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Federalist gain.
Nathan Wilson
Redistricted from the 12th district
Democratic-Republican 1808 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican loss.
New York 7 Killian Van Rensselaer
Redistricted from the 9th district
Federalist 1800 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Killian K. Van Rensselaer (Federalist)[d]
  • George Merchant (Democratic-Republican)
New York 8 John Thompson
Redistricted from the 11th district
Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John Thompson (Democratic-Republican) 65.6%
  • William Bailey (Federalist) 34.4%
New York 9 Peter Swart
Redistricted from the 13th district
Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Federalist gain.
  • Green tickY Thomas Sammons (Federalist) 63.3%
  • John Herkimer (Democratic-Republican) 36.7%
New York 10 None (District created) New seat.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican gain.
  • Green tickY John Nicholson (Democratic-Republican) 53.8%
  • Moss Kent (Federalist) 46.2%
New York 11 None (District created) New seat.
New member elected.
Federalist gain.
  • Green tickY Thomas R. Gold (Federalist) 56.4%
  • Joshua Hathaway (Federalist) 43.6%
New York 12 John Russell
Redistricted from the 14th district
Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • Green tickY Erastus Root (Democratic-Republican) 49.5%
  • Gabriel North (Federalist) 36.7%
  • Ebenezer Foote (Federalist) 13.9%
New York 13 William Kirkpatrick
Redistricted from the 15th district
Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • Green tickY Uri Tracy (Democratic-Republican)[d]
  • Isaac Foote (Federalist)
Reuben Humphrey
Redistricted from the 16th district
Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican loss.
New York 14 John Harris
Redistricted from the 17th district
Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Federalist gain.
  • Green tickY Vincent Mathews (Federalist) 41.2%
  • John Harris (Democratic-Republican) 23.4%
  • Matthew Carpenter (Democratic-Republican) 21.2%
  • Joseph Glover (Democratic-Republican) 14.2%
New York 15 None (District created) New seat.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican gain.
  • Green tickY Peter B. Porter (Democratic-Republican) 59.9%
  • Nathaniel W. Howell (Federalist) 40.1%

North Carolina[]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
North Carolina 1 Lemuel Sawyer Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Lemuel Sawyer (Democratic-Republican) 67.0%
  • William H. Murfree (Federalist) 33.0%
North Carolina 2 Willis Alston Democratic-Republican 1798 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Willis Alston (Democratic-Republican) 58.0%
  • Daniel Mason (Democratic-Republican) 42.0%
North Carolina 3 Thomas Blount Democratic-Republican 1793
1802 (Lost)
1804
Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • Green tickY William Kennedy (Democratic-Republican) 52.0%
  • Thomas Blount (Democratic-Republican) 48.0%
North Carolina 4 William Blackledge Democratic-Republican 1803 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Federalist gain.
  • Green tickY John Stanly (Federalist) 51.8%
  • William Blackledge (Democratic-Republican) 48.2%
North Carolina 5 Thomas Kenan Democratic-Republican 1805 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Thomas Kenan (Democratic-Republican) 100%
North Carolina 6 Nathaniel Macon Democratic-Republican 1791 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Nathaniel Macon (Democratic-Republican) 99.9%
North Carolina 7 John Culpepper Federalist 1806
1808 (Contested election)
1808 (Special)
Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Federalist hold.
  • Green tickY Archibald McBryde (Federalist) 54.6%
  • John Culpepper (Federalist) 45.4%
North Carolina 8 Richard Stanford Democratic-Republican 1796 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Richard Stanford (Democratic-Republican) 65.3%
  • Duncan Cameron (Federalist) 34.7%
North Carolina 9 Marmaduke Williams Democratic-Republican 1803 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • Green tickY James Cochran (Democratic-Republican) 52.3%
  • Theophilus Lacy (Democratic-Republican) 47.3%
North Carolina 10 Evan S. Alexander Democratic-Republican 1806 (Special) Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Federalist gain.
  • Green tickY Joseph Pearson (Federalist) 63.8%
  • Robert Locke (Democratic-Republican) 36.2%
North Carolina 11 James Holland Democratic-Republican 1800 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY James Holland (Democratic-Republican) 48.7%
  • Felix Walker (Democratic-Republican) 31.2%
  • John MacClain (Federalist) 9.4%
  • William Tate (Federalist) 8.0%
  • William Porter (Federalist) 2.8%
North Carolina 12 Meshack Franklin Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Meshack Franklin (Democratic-Republican) 54.6%
  • Joseph Winston (Democratic-Republican) 40.5%
  • James Martin (Federalist) 4.9%

Ohio[]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Ohio at-large Jeremiah Morrow Democratic-Republican 1803 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Jeremiah Morrow (Democratic-Republican) 71.5%
  • Philemon Beecher (Federalist) 28.5%

Orleans Territory[]

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Pennsylvania[]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Pennsylvania 1
Plural district with 3 seats
Benjamin Say Democratic-Republican 1808 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Benjamin Say (Democratic-Republican) 18.5%
  • Green tickY John Porter (Democratic-Republican) 18.5%
  • Green tickY William Anderson (Democratic-Republican) 18.4%
  • Joseph Hemphill (Federalist) 14.9%
  • Derick Peterson (Federalist) 14.9%
  • Charles W. Hare (Federalist) 14.8%
John Porter Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
Jacob Richards Democratic-Republican 1802 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Pennsylvania 2
Plural district with 3 seats
Robert Brown Democratic-Republican 1798 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Robert Brown (Democratic-Republican) 16.9%
  • Green tickY John Ross (Democratic-Republican) 16.8%
  • Green tickY William Milnor (Federalist) 16.7%
  • John Pugh (Democratic-Republican) 16.7%
  • John Hahn (Democratic-Republican) 16.6%
  • Roswell Wells (Federalist) 16.4%
John Pugh Democratic-Republican 1804 Lost re-election
Democratic-Republican hold.
William Milnor Federalist 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 3
Plural district with 3 seats
Matthias Richards Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Matthias Richards (Democratic-Republican) 17.1%
  • Green tickY Daniel Hiester (Democratic-Republican) 17.1%
  • Green tickY Robert Jenkins (Federalist) 16.9%
  • John Whitehill (Democratic-Republican) 16.4%
  • Roger Davis (Democratic-Republican) 16.3%
  • William Witman (Democratic-Republican) 16.2%
John Hiester Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Robert Jenkins Federalist 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 4
Plural district with 2 seats
Robert Whitehill Democratic-Republican 1805 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Robert Whitehill (Democratic-Republican) 36.7%
  • Green tickY David Bard (Democratic-Republican) 36.6%
  • John Gloninger (Federalist) 13.5%
  • William Alexander (Federalist) 13.2%
David Bard Democratic-Republican 1802 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 5 Daniel Montgomery Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • Green tickY George Smith (Democratic-Republican) 82.3%
  • John Bull (Federalist) 17.3%
Pennsylvania 6 James Kelly Federalist 1804 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican gain.
  • Green tickY William Crawford (Democratic-Republican) 52.4%
  • James Kelly (Federalist) 47.6%
Pennsylvania 7 John Rea Democratic-Republican 1802 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John Rea (Democratic-Republican) 61.5%
  • Andrew Dunlap (Federalist) 38.5%
Pennsylvania 8 William Findley Democratic-Republican 1802 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY William Findley (Democratic-Republican) 45.7%
  • John Kirkpatrick (Democratic-Republican) 29.1%
  • Robert Philson (Democratic-Republican) 25.2%
Pennsylvania 9 John Smilie Democratic-Republican 1792
1794 (Retired)
1798
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John Smilie (Democratic-Republican) 67.3%
  • Thomas Meason (Federalist) 32.7%
Pennsylvania 10 William Hoge Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • Green tickY Aaron Lyle (Democratic-Republican) 76.5%
  • John Hamilton (Federalist) 23.5%
Pennsylvania 11 Samuel Smith Democratic-Republican 1805 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Samuel Smith (Democratic-Republican) 68.3%
  • Alexander Foster (Federalist) 31.7%

Rhode Island[]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Rhode Island at-large
(2 seats)
Nehemiah Knight Democratic-Republican 1802 Incumbent died June 13, 1808.
New member elected.
Federalist gain.
Successor (Jackson) also elected the same day to finish the term, see above.
Elected on a general ticket:
  • Green tickY Richard Jackson Jr. (Federalist) 26.6%
  • Green tickY Elisha R. Potter (Federalist) 26.4%
  • Isaac Wilbour (Democratic-Republican) 23.6%
  • Jonathan Russell (Democratic-Republican) 23.4%
Isaac Wilbour Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Federalist gain.

South Carolina[]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 1
"Charleston district"
Robert Marion Democratic-Republican 1804 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Robert Marion (Democratic-Republican) 68.2%
  • Thomas Lowndes (Federalist) 30.1%
South Carolina 2
"Beaufort district"
William Butler Sr. Democratic-Republican 1800 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY William Butler Sr. (Democratic-Republican) 96.3%
  • Thomas Deveaux 2.0%
South Carolina 3
"Georgetown district"
David R. Williams Democratic-Republican 1804 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • Green tickY Robert Witherspoon (Democratic-Republican) 72.4%
  • Theodore Gourdin (Democratic-Republican) 27.6%
South Carolina 4
"Orangeburgh district"
John Taylor Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John Taylor (Democratic-Republican) 100%
South Carolina 5
"Sumter district"
Richard Winn Democratic-Republican 1802 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Richard Winn (Democratic-Republican) 53.5%
  • William Ellison 46.5%
South Carolina 6
"Abbeville district"
Joseph Calhoun Democratic-Republican 1807 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Joseph Calhoun (Democratic-Republican) 76.3%
  • William Burnsides 26.7%
South Carolina 7
"Spartanburgh district"
Thomas Moore Democratic-Republican 1800 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Thomas Moore (Democratic-Republican) 100%
South Carolina 8
"Pendleton district"
Lemuel J. Alston Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Lemuel J. Alston (Democratic-Republican) 100%

Tennessee[]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Tennessee 1
"Washington district"
John Rhea Democratic-Republican 1803 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John Rhea (Democratic-Republican)
  • Unopposed
Tennessee 2
"Hamilton district"
George W. Campbell Democratic-Republican 1803 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • Green tickY Robert Weakley (Democratic-Republican) 47.4%
  • Abraham Maury (Democratic-Republican) 39.9%
  • James Lyon (Democratic-Republican) 12.6%
Tennessee 3
"Mero district"
Jesse Wharton Democratic-Republican 1807 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • Green tickY Pleasant M. Miller (Democratic-Republican) 77.2%
  • Scattering 22.8%

Vermont[]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Vermont 1
"Southwestern district"
James Witherell Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent resigned May 1, 1808.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor was also elected the same day to finish the current term, see above.
  • Green tickY Samuel Shaw (Democratic-Republican)[d]
  • Nathan Robinson (Federalist)
  • Chauncey Langdon (Federalist)
  • Jonas Galusha (Democratic-Republican)
Vermont 2
"Southeastern district"
James Elliot Federalist 1802 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Federalist hold.
First ballot (September 6, 1808):
Jonathan H. Hubbard (Federalist) 45.4%
Aaron Leland (Democratic-Republican) 36.2%
William Czar Bradley (Democratic-Republican) 14.5%
Others 4.0%

Second ballot (December 13, 1808):
nowrap |
  • Green tickY Jonathan H. Hubbard (Federalist) 51.6%
  • Aaron Leland (Democratic-Republican) 42.2%
  • William Czar Bradley (Democratic-Republican) 4.3%
  • Elias Keyes (Democratic-Republican) 1.4%
Vermont 3
"Northeastern district"
James Fisk Democratic-Republican 1802 Lost re-election.
New member elected.
Federalist gain.
First ballot (September 6, 1808):
Jedediah Buckingham (Federalist) 47.9%
James Fisk (Democratic-Republican) 47.4%
William Chamberlain (Federalist) 2.3%
Others 2.3%

Second ballot (December 13, 1808):
nowrap |
  • Green tickY William Chamberlain (Federalist) 51.5%
  • James Fisk (Democratic-Republican) 47.7%
  • Others 0.8%
Vermont 4
"Northwestern district"
Martin Chittenden Federalist 1802 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Martin Chittenden (Federalist) 59.9%
  • Ezra Butler (Democratic-Republican) 37.6%
  • Others 2.5%

Virginia[]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Virginia 1 John G. Jackson Democratic-Republican 1803 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John G. Jackson (Democratic-Republican) 60.3%
  • Noah Linsey (Federalist) 29.7%
Virginia 2 John Morrow Democratic-Republican 1805 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Federalist gain.
  • Green tickY James Stephenson (Federalist) 57.6%
  • John Morrow (Democratic-Republican) 42.4%
Virginia 3 John Smith Democratic-Republican 1801 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John Smith (Democratic-Republican) 87.0%
  • Robert Page (Federalist) 13.0%
Virginia 4 David Holmes Democratic-Republican 1797 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Federalist gain.
  • Green tickY Jacob Swoope (Federalist) 53.7%
  • Daniel Smith (Democratic-Republican) 46.3%
Virginia 5 Alexander Wilson Democratic-Republican 1804 (Special) Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Federalist gain.
  • Green tickY James Breckinridge (Federalist) 56.7%
  • Alexander Wilson (Democratic-Republican) 43.3%
Virginia 6 Abram Trigg Democratic-Republican 1797 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Federalist gain.
  • Green tickY Daniel Sheffey (Federalist) 66.6%
  • Francis Preston (Democratic-Republican) 33.4%
Virginia 7 Joseph Lewis Jr. Federalist 1803 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Joseph Lewis Jr. (Federalist) 62.0%
  • William Tyler (Democratic-Republican) 38.0%
Virginia 8 Walter Jones Democratic-Republican 1803 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Walter Jones (Democratic-Republican)[d]
  • John Hungerford (Democratic-Republican)
  • John Talavar (Democratic-Republican)
  • Richard Barnes (Federalist)
Virginia 9 John Love Democratic-Republican 1807 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John Love (Democratic-Republican)[f]
Virginia 10 John Dawson Democratic-Republican 1797 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John Dawson (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 11 James M. Garnett Democratic-Republican 1805 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • Green tickY John Roane (Democratic-Republican) 53.7%
  • John T. Woodford (Federalist) 46.3%
Virginia 12 Burwell Bassett Democratic-Republican 1805 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Burwell Bassett (Democratic-Republican) 57.4%
  • John Eyre (Federalist) 42.6%
Virginia 13 William A. Burwell Democratic-Republican 1806 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY William A. Burwell (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 14 Matthew Clay Democratic-Republican 1797 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Matthew Clay (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 15 John Randolph Democratic-Republican 1799 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John Randolph (Democratic-Republican) 71.5%
  • Jerman Baker (Democratic-Republican) 28.5%
Virginia 16 John W. Eppes Democratic-Republican 1803 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John W. Eppes (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 17 Thomas Gholson Jr. Democratic-Republican 1808 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Thomas Gholson Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 94.9%
  • Jarvis Northampton (Federalist) 5.1%
Virginia 18 Peterson Goodwyn Democratic-Republican 1803 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Peterson Goodwyn (Democratic-Republican) 70.5%
  • John Pegram (Federalist?) 29.5%
Virginia 19 Edwin Gray Democratic-Republican 1799 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Edwin Gray (Democratic-Republican) 54.5%
  • Richard Byrd 37.5%
  • William Massenburg (Democratic-Republican) 8.0%
Virginia 20 Thomas Newton Jr. Democratic-Republican 1799 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Thomas Newton Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 60.1%
  • Robert B. Tayler (Federalist) 39.9%
Virginia 21 Wilson C. Nicholas Democratic-Republican 1807 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Wilson C. Nicholas (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 22 John Clopton Democratic-Republican 1801 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John Clopton 80.7% (Democratic-Republican)
  • Charles Dabney (Quid) 19.3%

Non-voting delegates[]

Three territories sent non-voting delegates to the 11th Congress.

Indiana Territory elected by popular vote for the first time. Mississippi Territory also elected its delegate by popular vote. Orleans Territory retained legislative election of its delegate.

District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Indiana Territory at-large Jesse B. Thomas Democratic-Republican 1808 (Special) New member elected November 27, 1809.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Election was unsuccessfully challenged.
  • Green tickY Jonathan Jennings 46.6%
  • Thomas Randolph 43.8%
  • John Johnson 8.8%[22]
Mississippi Territory at-large George Poindexter Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY George Poindexter[g]
  • Thomas H. Williams
  • Others
Orleans Territory at-large Daniel Clark None 1806 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member of an unknown party elected in 1808.
  • Green tickY Julien de L. Poydras 20
  • Watkins[h] 5

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ a b c d Figures here match Dubin (p. 42, which includes "87 Republicans, 1 Independent Republican, and 6 Quids", in addition to "48 Federalists"), but are different than those given by Martis (p. 80), and "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives., which both report 92 Democratic-Republicans, and 50 Federalists.
  2. ^ Majority required for election which was not met in two districts, necessitating a second election, held on December 13, 1808.
  3. ^ Mr. Bond was not considered as a candidate.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Numbers of votes missing or incomplete in source(s).
  5. ^ In the 7th district, there were 430 votes for "Charles Turner" which were counted separately from Charles Turner Jr. (Democratic-Republican). This caused the vote tally to be William Baylies (Federalist) 1,828 (49.4%), Charles Turner Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 1,443 (39.0%), "Charles Turner" 430 (11.6%). As no candidate had a majority, a second election was held on January 19, 1809 which elected Baylies with 54.3% of the vote. Turner successfully contested this election, and Turner successfully contested this electionTurner successfully contested this electionwas subsequently declared the winner based on the first ballot, with the second invalidated. He was seated June 8, 1809[20]
  6. ^ Source does not have numbers of votes, but provides a citation stating that he was "elected without opposition in one county and by a great majority in the other,"[21] his opponent or opponents in that county is not given.
  7. ^ Electoral data in source are incomplete, the top two candidates received 1,067 and 657 votes respectively, numbers of votes for the other candidates is only reported for some counties.
  8. ^ Source does not give full name.

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Dubin, Michael J. (1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results. McFarland and Company.
  2. ^ a b Dubin, p. 42.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "10th Congress March 4, 1807, to March 3, 1809". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on September 21, 2018. Retrieved September 24, 2018.
  4. ^ "North Carolina 1808 U.S. House of Representatives, District 7, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved September 28, 2018.
  5. ^ "NJ At-Large - Special Election". February 12, 2011. Retrieved September 28, 2018 – via OurCampaigns.com.
  6. ^ "New Jersey 1808 U.S. House of Representatives, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved September 28, 2018.
  7. ^ "NY District 12". April 16, 2006. Retrieved September 28, 2018 – via OurCampaigns.com.
  8. ^ "New York 1808 U.S. House of Representatives, District 12, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved September 28, 2018.
  9. ^ "MA District 2 (Essex South) - Special Election". April 14, 2011. Retrieved September 28, 2018 – via OurCampaigns.com.
  10. ^ "Massachusetts 1808 U.S. House of Representatives, Essex South District, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved September 28, 2018.
  11. ^ "RI At-Large - Special Election". January 2, 2009. Retrieved September 28, 2018 – via OurCampaigns.com.
  12. ^ a b "VA District 17". April 19, 2006. Retrieved September 28, 2018 – via OurCampaigns.com.
  13. ^ "A New Nation Votes".
  14. ^ 10th Congress electoral returns for Pennsylvania
  15. ^ "Pennsylvania 1808 U.S. House of Representatives, District 1, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved September 28, 2018.
  16. ^ a b "11th Congress March 4, 1809, to March 3, 1811". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved September 27, 2018.
  17. ^ "Pennsylvania 1809 U.S. House of Representatives, District 1, Special". Retrieved September 27, 2018.
  18. ^ "VA District 21 Special Election". December 25, 2014. Retrieved September 28, 2018 – via OurCampaigns.com.
  19. ^ "Virginia 1809 U.S. House of Representatives, District 21, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved September 28, 2018.
  20. ^ "Eleventh Congress (membership roster)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 13, 2012. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
  21. ^ "Virginia 1809 U.S. House of Representatives, District 9". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved September 28, 2018.
  22. ^ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved December 11, 2020.

Bibliography[]

External links[]

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