Maryland's 3rd congressional district

Maryland's 3rd congressional district
Maryland's 3rd congressional district since January 3, 2013
Representative	John Sarbanes D–Baltimore
Area	292.74 sq mi (758.2 km2)
Distribution	98.4% urban 1.3% rural
Population (2019)	779,502
Median household income	$94,736[1]
Ethnicity	59.8% White 21.8% Black 8.1% Hispanic 7.0% Asian 2.8% Two or more races 0.5% other
Occupation	71.7% White-collar 15.7% Blue-collar 12.5% Gray-collar
Cook PVI	D+16[2]

Maryland's 3rd congressional district comprises portions of Baltimore, Howard, Montgomery, and Anne Arundel counties, as well as a significant part of the independent city of Baltimore. The seat is currently represented by John Sarbanes, a Democrat. Landmarks in the district include Fort McHenry and the state capital, Annapolis.

Three people who represented Maryland in the United States Senate were also former representatives of the 3rd district, including Ben Cardin, Barbara Mikulski, and Paul Sarbanes.

The district's odd shape is attributed to gerrymandering to favor Democratic candidates, following the 2000^[3] and 2010^[4] censuses. In 2012, the district was found to be the third least compact congressional district in the United States,^[5] and in 2014, The Washington Post called it the nation's second-most gerrymandered district.^[6] John Sarbanes, the current Democratic Representative for the district, put forth the For the People Act of 2019 to address electoral reform, voting rights, and gerrymandering in the United States.^[7][8]

Recent elections in statewide races[]

Recent elections[]

2000s[]

2010s[]

2020s[]

Historical boundaries and composition[]

The district, from 2003 to 2013

Maryland's 3rd district was one of the 61 districts that elected a representative to the 1st United States Congress. It also has the distinction of being one of the few congressional districts that once included areas not currently in the state they are in. The 3rd congressional district originally was composed of Prince George's County, Maryland and Anne Arundel County, Maryland.^[12] At that point, what is now Howard County, Maryland, was in Anne Arundel County, and Prince George's County included the eastern half of the District of Columbia.

In 1792, the Maryland 3rd Congressional District was moved to include Montgomery County, Maryland, and the eastern half of Frederick County, Maryland. The population was about 33,000.^[13] However, the western portion of what is today Carroll County, Maryland was at this point in Frederick County, and the western half of the District of Columbia was in Montgomery County. This latter fact explains why the district lost population, even though it, in theory, did not experience redistricting after the 1800 census. With the population of Georgetown, D. C., no longer in the district, its 1800 population was about 31,000.^[14] At this point, the 3rd was Maryland's least populous district, barely having half the population of the Baltimore City and County 5th district, which, in 1800, had just above 59,000 inhabitants.^[15]

The boundaries remained the same after the 1810, 1820, and 1830 censuses. While, in 1820, the district had about 36,000 inhabitants, its population had risen to 53,622 in 1830.^[16] With the formation of Carroll County in the 1830s, as well as Maryland falling from 8 to 6 congressional seats, the boundaries of the 3rd Congressional District were drastically redrawn. The only area that remained in the 3rd Congressional District was the part of Carroll County that had been in Frederick County. The 3rd also included Baltimore County and the western half of the city of Baltimore. Its new population was 69,923, 24.5% of whom were black.^[17]

In 1853, the 3rd district was redrawn again. The new district consisted of Baltimore County, except for the northern and western parts of the county and about the eastern third of the City of Baltimore. The district now had a population of 95,729.^[18] In the redistricting following the 1860 census, Maryland was reduced to five congressional districts. The 3rd was moved so that it contained the part of Baltimore that had not been in the 3rd before 1863. It now had a population of 130,040.^[19] In 1873, the 3rd district was moved again, to be the east side of Baltimore. It now had a population of 120,978.^[20]

List of members representing the district[]

	Member	Party	Years	Cong ress	Electoral history
1	Benjamin Contee	Anti-Administration	March 4, 1789 – March 3, 1791	1st	Elected in 1789. Lost re-election.
2	William Pinkney	Pro-Administration	March 4, 1791 – November 1791	2nd	Elected in 1790. Resigned due to questions of ineligibility.
Vacant			November 1791 – February 5, 1792
3	John Francis Mercer	Anti-Administration	February 5, 1792 – March 3, 1793		Elected October 26–29, 1791 to finish Pinkney's term. Redistricted to the 2nd district.
4	Uriah Forrest	Pro-Administration	March 4, 1793 – November 8, 1794	3rd	Elected in 1792. Re-elected in 1794. Resigned.
Vacant			November 8, 1794 – January 2, 1795
5	Benjamin Edwards	Pro-Administration	January 2, 1795 – March 3, 1795		Elected to finish Forrest's term. Retired.
6	Jeremiah Crabb	Federalist	March 4, 1795 – June 1, 1796	4th	Elected in 1794. Resigned.
Vacant			June 1, 1796 – December 5, 1796
7	William Craik	Federalist	December 5, 1796 – March 3, 1801	4th 5th	Elected October 3, 1796 to finish Crabb's term. Also elected the same day to the next term. Re-elected in 1798. Retired.
8	Thomas Plater	Federalist	March 4, 1801 – March 3, 1805	6th 7th 8th	Elected in 1801. Re-elected in 1803. Lost re-election.
9	Patrick Magruder	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1805 – March 3, 1807	9th	Elected in 1804. Lost re-election.
10	Philip Barton Key	Federalist	March 4, 1807 – March 3, 1813	10th 11th 12th	Elected in 1806. Re-elected in 1808. Re-elected in 1810. Retired.
11	Alexander Contee Hanson	Federalist	March 4, 1813 – 1816	13th 14th	Elected in 1812. Re-elected in 1814. Resigned when elected U.S. Senator.
Vacant			1816 – October 7, 1816	14th
12	George Peter	Federalist	October 7, 1816 – March 3, 1819	14th 15th	Elected to finish Hanson's term. Also elected to the next term in 1816. Lost re-election.
13	Henry Ridgely Warfield	Federalist[a]	March 4, 1819 – March 3, 1825	16th 17th 18th	Elected in 1818. Re-elected in 1820. Re-elected in 1822. Retired.
14	George Peter	Jacksonian	March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1827	19th	Elected in 1824. Lost re-election.
15	George Corbin Washington	Anti-Jacksonian	March 4, 1827 – March 3, 1833	20th 21st 22nd	Elected in 1826. Re-elected in 1829. Re-elected in 1831. [data unknown/missing]
16	James Turner	Jacksonian	March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1837	23rd 24th	Elected in 1833. Re-elected in 1835. [data unknown/missing]
17	John Tolley Hood Worthington	Democratic	March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1841	25th 26th	Elected in 1837. Re-elected in 1839. [data unknown/missing]
18	James Wray Williams	Democratic	March 4, 1841 – December 2, 1842	27th	Elected in 1841. Died.
Vacant			December 2, 1842 – January 2, 1843
19	Charles S. Sewall	Democratic	January 2, 1843 – March 3, 1843		. [data unknown/missing]
20	John Wethered	Whig	March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1845	28th	Elected late in 1844. [data unknown/missing]
21	Thomas Watkins Ligon	Democratic	March 4, 1845 – March 3, 1849	29th 30th	Elected in 1845. Re-elected in 1847. [data unknown/missing]
22	Edward Hammond	Democratic	March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1853	31st 32nd	Elected in 1849. Re-elected in 1851. [data unknown/missing]
23	Joshua Van Sant	Democratic	March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855	33rd	Elected in 1853. [data unknown/missing]
24	James Morrison Harris	Know Nothing	March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1861	34th 35th 36th	Elected in 1855. Re-elected in 1857. Re-elected in 1859. [data unknown/missing]
25	Cornelius Leary	Unionist	March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1863	37th	Elected in 1861. [data unknown/missing]
26	Henry Winter Davis	Unconditional Unionist	March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1865	38th	Elected in 1863. [data unknown/missing]
27	Charles Edward Phelps	Unconditional Unionist	March 4, 1865 – March 3, 1867	39th 40th	Elected in 1864. Re-elected in 1866. [data unknown/missing]
		Conservative	March 4, 1867 – March 3, 1869
28	Thomas Swann	Democratic	March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1873	41st 42nd	Elected in 1868. Re-elected in 1870. Redistricted to the 4th district.
29	William James O'Brien	Democratic	March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1877	43rd 44th	Elected in 1872. Re-elected in 1874. [data unknown/missing]
30	William Kimmel	Democratic	March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1881	45th 46th	Elected in 1876. Re-elected in 1878. [data unknown/missing]
31	Fetter Schrier Hoblitzell	Democratic	March 4, 1881 – March 3, 1885	47th 48th	Elected in 1880. Re-elected in 1882. [data unknown/missing]
32	William Hinson Cole	Democratic	March 4, 1885 – July 8, 1886	49th	Elected in 1884. Died.
Vacant			July 8, 1886 – November 2, 1886
33	Harry Welles Rusk	Democratic	November 2, 1886 – March 3, 1897	49th 50th 51st 52nd 53rd 54th	. Re-elected in 1886. Re-elected in 1888. Re-elected in 1890. Re-elected in 1892. Re-elected in 1894. [data unknown/missing]
34	William Samuel Booze	Republican	March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1899	55th	Elected in 1896. [data unknown/missing]
35	Frank Charles Wachter	Republican	March 4, 1899 – March 3, 1907	56th 57th 58th 59th	Elected in 1898. Re-elected in 1900. Re-elected in 1902. Re-elected in 1904. [data unknown/missing]
36	Harry Benjamin Wolf	Democratic	March 4, 1907 – March 3, 1909	60th	Elected in 1906. [data unknown/missing]
37	John Kronmiller	Republican	March 4, 1909 – March 3, 1911	61st	Elected in 1908. [data unknown/missing]
38	George Konig	Democratic	March 4, 1911 – May 31, 1913	62nd 63rd	Elected in 1910. Re-elected in 1912. Died.
Vacant			May 31, 1913 – November 4, 1913	63rd
39	Charles Pearce Coady	Democratic	November 4, 1913 – March 3, 1921	63rd 64th 65th 66th	Elected to finish Konig's term. Re-elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Re-elected in 1918. [data unknown/missing]
40	John B.P.C. Hill	Republican	March 4, 1921 – March 3, 1927	67th 68th 69th	Elected in 1920. Re-elected in 1922. Re-elected in 1924. [data unknown/missing]
41	Vincent L. Palmisano	Democratic	March 4, 1927 – January 3, 1939	70th 71st 72nd 73rd 74th 75th	Elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Re-elected in 1930. Re-elected in 1932. Re-elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. [data unknown/missing]
42	Thomas D'Alesandro Jr.	Democratic	January 3, 1939 – May 16, 1947	76th 77th 78th 79th 80th	Elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Re-elected in 1942. Re-elected in 1944. Re-elected in 1946. Resigned to become Mayor of Baltimore.
Vacant			May 16, 1947 – July 15, 1947	80th
43	Edward Garmatz	Democratic	July 15, 1947 – January 3, 1973	80th 81st 82nd 83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th 88th 89th 90th 91st 92nd	Elected to finish D'Alesandro Jr.'s term. Re-elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Re-elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Re-elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. [data unknown/missing]
44	Paul Sarbanes	Democratic	January 3, 1973 – January 3, 1977	93rd 94th	Redistricted from the 4th district and re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Retired to run for U.S. Senator.
45	Barbara Mikulski	Democratic	January 3, 1977 – January 3, 1987	95th 96th 97th 98th 99th	Elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Retired to run for U.S. Senator.
46	Ben Cardin	Democratic	January 3, 1987 – January 3, 2007	100th 101st 102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th 108th 109th	Elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Retired to run for U.S. Senator.
47	John Sarbanes	Democratic	January 3, 2007 – Present	110th 111th 112th 113th 114th 115th 116th 117th	Elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020.

See also[]

• Maryland's congressional districts
• Gerrymandering
• List of United States congressional districts

Notes[]

References[]

Coordinates: 39°09′N 76°36′W / 39.15°N 76.6°W / 39.15; -76.6