Ituzaingó Formation

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Ituzaingó Formation
Stratigraphic range: Tortonian (Huayquerian)
~9.0–7.3 Ma
↓
TypeGeological formation
Sub-unitsConglomerado Osifero Member
Underlies, , &
Overlies &
Area120,000 km2 (46,000 sq mi)
ThicknessUp to 150 m (490 ft)
Typically 10–20 m (33–66 ft)
Lithology
PrimarySandstone, mudstone
OtherConglomerate
Location
LocationMesopotamia
Coordinates31°42′S 60°24′W / 31.7°S 60.4°W / -31.7; -60.4Coordinates: 31°42′S 60°24′W / 31.7°S 60.4°W / -31.7; -60.4
Approximate paleocoordinates31°48′S 58°18′W / 31.8°S 58.3°W / -31.8; -58.3
RegionCorrientes, Santa Fe & Entre Ríos Provinces
Country Argentina
ExtentParaná Basin
Type section
Named forItuzaingó
Named byDe Alba
Year defined1953

The Ituzaingó Formation (Spanish: Formación Ituzaingó), in older literature also described as Entre Ríos or Entrerriana Formation, is an extensive geological formation of Late Miocene (Tortonian, or Huayquerian in the SALMA classification) age in the Paraná Basin of the Corrientes, Santa Fe and Entre Ríos Provinces in Mesopotamia, northeastern Argentina.[1] The formation comprises mudstones, cross-bedded sandstones and conglomerates deposited in a fluvio-deltaic environment and is renowned for the preservation of a rich fossil assemblage, including many mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, bivalves, foraminifera, ichnofossils and flora.

Description[]

Map of the Paraná River drainage basin with the river indicated. Most outcrops of the Ituzaingó Formation flank the middle course of the Paraná River.

The Ituzaingó Formation was first described by De Alba in 1953 and later by Herbst in 1971.[2] The up to 150 metres (490 ft), but in most areas between 10 and 20 metres (33 and 66 ft) thick formation is found in an area of 120,000 square kilometres (46,000 sq mi),[3] stretching from the Paraná River to 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Tostado.[4] The Ituzaingó Formation crops out in the northeasternmost part of Argentina (Mesopotamia), in the provinces of Corrientes, Santa Fe and Entre Ríos, among other locations along the banks of the Paraná River.[5]

Stratigraphy[]

The formation overlies the marine and is unconformably overlain by the ,[6] and of Early Pleistocene (Uquian and Ensenadan respectively) age.[5][7][8] At the shores of the Paraná River, the formation underlies the .[9] In certain places along the same river, the formation cuts into the underlying .[10]

The formation contains a basal conglomeratic member "Conglomerado osífero" (bony conglomerate) with abundant vertebrate remains.[11] This conglomerate is overlain by almost unfossiliferous whitish to yedses and green mudstones. The Ituzaingó Fdships, the age of the base of Ituzaingo Formation is almost exclusively Tortonian (Late Miocene) or Huayquerian in the SALMA classification.[12]

The formation contains a basal conglomeratic member "Conglomerado osífero" (bony conglomerate) with abundant vertebrate remains.[11] This conglomerate is overlain by almost unfossiliferous whitish to yellow brown sandstones and green mudstones. The Ituzaingó Formation (as Entre Ríos Formation) was correlated with the of the subsurface of Buenos Aires Province. According to the mammals occurring in the conglomerate and the stratigraphic relationships, the age of the base of Ituzaingo Formation is almost exclusively Tortonian (Late Miocene) or Huayquerian in the SALMA classification.[12]

Depositional environment[]

The formation, as the Paraná and Puelches Formations, has been deposited in a vast Miocene tidal flat environment.[13] Both the terrestrial and freshwater fauna of the Ituzaingó Formation indicates a climate warmer than present. The freshwater vertebrate record suggests important basin connections with Amazonian basins.[11]

Alternatively, the Conglomerado Osífero Member has been interpreted as tide-dominated fluvial channels, pertaining to the marine Paraná Formation.[14]

Fossil content[]

The Ituzaingó Formation has provided a large variety of fossils, of various groups, from mammals to birds and reptiles to fish and flora. The terrestrial fauna is predominant while a few marine genera are also present.[15] The presence of typical Amazonian freshwater fish and absence of austral fauna in both the underlying Paraná and the Ituzaingó Formation suggests a connection with northern areas of South America. The fauns has been correlated to the older Miocene faunas of the Honda Group at La Venta in Colombia, the Urumaco Formation at Urumaco in Venezuela and the Pebas Formation of the Amazon region of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil.[16] Several ground sloth genera present in the Ituzaingó Formation are endemic from this unit, whereas other are also present in the of Buenos Aires Province, the and of Catamarca Province, and the of La Rioja Province.[17]

Group Fossils Image Notes
Ground sloths Pronothrotherium mirabilis
FMNH Pronothrotherium .jpg
[12][18]
[19]
, , , , , , Octomylodon aversus, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Promegatherium parvulum, P. smaltatum, , , , , , , , , , Scelidotheriinae indet.
[18]
[20][21]
[22][23]
[24][25]
Glyptodonts Eleutherocercus paranensis
Eleutherocercus.jpg
[26][27]
, , , , , Macroeuphractus retusus, , , , , , , , , , , , ?Zaedyus sp.
Rodents , , , , , , , Eumegamys contortus, E. dubius, E. scalabrinianus, E. paranensis, , , , , , ,, , , , Myocastor obesus, M. paranensis, M. sinuata, , , , , , , , Phoberomys burmeisteri, P. insolita, P. lozanoi, P. minima, P. praecursor, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Caviodon, , , , , , , , , ,
[28]
Toxodonts ?Adinotherium paranense
Adinotherium Berlin.jpg
[12][18]
[19]
Xotodon doellojuradi, X. foricurvatus
Xotodon.jpg
, , , , , , ,
Litopterns Diadiaphorus paranensis
Diadiaphorus.jpg
, , , , , Paranauchenia denticulata, , , , Scalabrinitherium bravardi, S. rothii, , Cullinia sp.
Sparassodonts Thylacosmilus atrox
Thylacosmilus Holotype FMNH.jpg
Typotheres , Protypotherium antiquum,
Cetaceans , Iniidae indet.
Bats ,
Other mammals Cyonasua argentina, , , , , , , , , Chironectes sp.
Birds Andalgalornis steulleti
Skull of Andalgalornis steulleti.png
[18][29]
[30]
Devincenzia pozzi, , M. ranzii, Palaelodus cf. ambiguus, , Megapaloelodus sp., Phoenicopteridae indet., Phorusrhacidae indet., Rallidae indet., Rheidae indet.
Crocodiles Caiman latirostris
Jacare de papo amarelo zoo.jpg
[12][18]
[31]
C. cf. yacare
Yacare caiman (Caiman yacare) 2.jpg
, , , C. lutescens, Gryposuchus neogaeus, Mourasuchus arendsi
Lizards Tupinambis cf. merianae
Goldteju Tupinambis teguixin.jpg
Turtles Parahydraspis paranaensis, Phrynops cf. geoffroanus,
Fish Megapiranha paranensis
Colossoma macropomum
Megapiranha Colossoma.jpg
[12][18]
[32][33]
Potamotrygon motoro
Ocellate river stingray, Boston Aquarium.jpg
[34]
Squatina dumeril
Squatina dumeril SI.jpg
[34]
, Cynodontidae indet.
[35]
[12][18]
Invertebrates , Ostrea sp.
[36]
Macroflora , , , , , Guadua morronei, G. zuloagae, , , , , , , Palmoxylon yuqueriense, , , , , , , Syagrus,
[37][38]
[39][40]
[41][42]
Ichnofossils Arenicolites
[36]

Huayquerian correlations[]

Huayquerian correlations in South America
Formation Cerro Azul Ituzaingó Pebas Urumaco Map
Basin Colorado Paraná Tontal Salta Amazon Altiplano BA Velasco
Ituzaingó Formation is located in South America
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation
Ituzaingó Formation (South America)
Country  Argentina  Uruguay  Argentina  Brazil
 Peru		  Bolivia  Argentina  Venezuela
Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
Lagostomus Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
Macroeuphractus Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
Pronothrotherium Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
Thylacosmilus Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
Xotodon Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
Macraucheniidae Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
Primates Brown pog.svg
Rodents Steel pog.svg Steel pog.svg Steel pog.svg Steel pog.svg Steel pog.svg Steel pog.svg Steel pog.svg Steel pog.svg Steel pog.svg Steel pog.svg Steel pog.svg
Reptiles SpringGreen pog.svg SpringGreen pog.svg SpringGreen pog.svg SpringGreen pog.svg SpringGreen pog.svg SpringGreen pog.svg
Birds White pog.svg White pog.svg White pog.svg White pog.svg
Terror birds Red pog.svg Red pog.svg Red pog.svg
Flora Green pog.svg Green pog.svg
Environments Aeolian-fluvial Fluvio-deltaic Fluvial Fluvio-lacustrine Fluvial Fluvio-lacustrine Fluvio-deltaic
Pink ff0080 pog.svg Huayquerian volcanoclastics

Yellow ffff00 pog.svg Huayquerian fauna

Dark Green 004040 pog.svg Huayquerian flora
Volcanic Yes

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Ituzaingó Formation at Fossilworks.org
  2. ^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.27
  3. ^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.28
  4. ^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.29
  5. ^ a b Franco, 2014, p.16
  6. ^ Brunetto, 2013, p.22
  7. ^ Cione et al., 2000, p.195
  8. ^ Cione et al., 2009, p.3
  9. ^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.41
  10. ^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.75
  11. ^ a b c Cione et al., 2005, p.49
  12. ^ a b c d e f g Colonia La Celina at Fossilworks.org
  13. ^ Torra, 2005, p.46
  14. ^ Martín Pérez, 2013, p.291
  15. ^ Martín Pérez, 2013, p.27
  16. ^ Cione et al., 2005, p.58
  17. ^ Brandoni, 2013, p.135
  18. ^ a b c d e f g Paraná, Pueblo Brugo to Diamante, Ituzaingó Fm. at Fossilworks.org
  19. ^ a b Ciudad de Paraná at Fossilworks.org
  20. ^ Brandoni & Scillato, 2007, p.430
  21. ^ Brandoni & Scillato, 2007, p.431
  22. ^ Brandoni, 2008, p.14
  23. ^ Brandoni, 2008, p.16
  24. ^ Brandoni, 2011, p.36
  25. ^ Brandoni, 2014, p.34
  26. ^ Scillato et al., 2013, pp.119–120
  27. ^ Góis et al., 2013, p.177
  28. ^ Candela, 2005, pp.43–46
  29. ^ Noriega & Agnolin, 2008, pp.272-285
  30. ^ Agnolin & Noriega, 2012
  31. ^ Scheyer & Delfino, 2016, p.56
  32. ^ Cione et al., 2009, p.4
  33. ^ Cione et al., 2013, p.70
  34. ^ a b Cione et al., 2005, p.52
  35. ^ Azpelicueta & Cione, 2016, p.221
  36. ^ a b Torra, 2005, p.45
  37. ^ Franco, 2018, p.646
  38. ^ Franco, 2014, p.25
  39. ^ Brea et al., 2013a, pp.45-47
  40. ^ Brea et al., 2013b, p.4
  41. ^ Franco & Brea, 2015, p.3
  42. ^ Moya & Brea, 2020

Bibliography[]

Further reading[]

  • Brandoni, Diego; Gustavo J. Scillato Yané; Ángel R. Miño Boilini, and Emmanuel Favotti. 2016. Los Tardigrada (Mammalia, Xenarthra) de Argentina: diversidad, evolución y biogeografía. Contribuciones del MACN _. 263–274. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • , Darin A. 2016. Horned Armadillos and Rafting Monkeys: The Fascinating Fossil Mammals of South America, 1–320. Indiana University Press ISBN 9780253020949. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • Simpson, George Gaylord. 1996. Splendid Isolation: The Curious History of South American Mammals, 1–275. UMI ISBN 9780783733111. Accessed 2018-10-08.
  • Tambussi, Claudia P., and Federico Degrange. 2012. South American and Antarctic Continental Cenozoic Birds: Paleobiogeographic Affinities and Disparities, 1–113. Springer ISBN 9789400754676. Accessed 2018-10-08.
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