Javelin throw

Athletics Javelin throw
German javelin thrower Thomas Röhler in 2011
World records
Men	Jan Železný 98.48 m (1996)
Women	Barbora Špotáková 72.28 m (2008)
Olympic records
Men	Andreas Thorkildsen 90.57 m (2008)
Women	Osleidys Menéndez 71.53 m (2004)
World Championship records
Men	Jan Železný 92.80 m (2001)
Women	Osleidys Menéndez 71.70 m (2005)

German javelin thrower Stephan Steding during the 2007 IAAF World Championships in Osaka, Japan.

The javelin throw is a track and field event where the javelin, a spear about 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) in length, is thrown. The javelin thrower gains momentum by running within a predetermined area. Javelin throwing is an event of both the men's decathlon and the women's heptathlon.

History[]

A scene depicting javelin throwers and other pentathletes. Originally found on a Panathenaic amphora from Ancient Greece, circa 525 B.C. British Museum.

The javelin throw was added to the Ancient Olympic Games as part of the pentathlon in 708 BC. It included two events, one for distance and the other for accuracy in hitting a target. The javelin was thrown with the aid of a thong (ankyle in Greek) that was wound around the middle of the shaft. Athletes held the javelin by the ankyle, and when they released the shaft, the unwinding of the thong gave the javelin a spiral trajectory.

Throwing javelin-like poles into targets was revived in Germany and Sweden in the early 1870s. In Sweden, these poles developed into the modern javelin, and throwing them for distance became a common event there and in Finland in the 1880s. The rules continued to evolve over the next decades; originally, javelins were thrown with no run-up, and holding them by the grip at the center of gravity was not always mandatory. Limited run-ups were introduced in the late 1890s, and soon developed into the modern unlimited run-up.^{[1]: 435–436}

Sweden's Eric Lemming, who threw his first world best (49.32 meters) in 1899 and ruled the event from 1902 to 1912, was the first dominant javelin thrower.^{[1]: 436, 441 [2]: 478} When the men's javelin was introduced as an Olympic discipline at the 1906 Intercalated Games, Lemming won by almost nine metres and broke his own world record; Sweden swept the first four places, as Finland's best throwers were absent and the event had yet to become popular in any other country.^[1]: 437 Though challenged by younger talents, Lemming repeated as Olympic champion in 1908 and 1912; his eventual best mark (62.32 m, thrown after the 1912 Olympics) was the first javelin world record to be officially ratified by the International Association of Athletics Federations.^{[1]: 436–441 [3]}

In the late 19th and early 20th century, most javelin competitions were two-handed; the implement was thrown with the right hand and separately with the left hand, and the best marks for each hand were added together. Competitions for the better hand only were less common, though not unknown.^[2] At the Olympics a both-hands contest was held only once, in 1912; Finland swept the medals, ahead of Lemming.^[1]: 441 After that, this version of the javelin rapidly faded into obscurity, together with similar variations of the shot and the discus; Sweden's Yngve Häckner, with his total of 114.28 m from 1917, was the last official both-hands world record holder.^[4]

Another early variant was the freestyle javelin, in which holding the javelin by the grip at the center of gravity was not mandatory; such a freestyle competition was held at the 1908 Olympics, but was dropped from the program after that.^[2]: 478 Hungary's Mór Kóczán used a freestyle end grip to break the 60-meter barrier in 1911, a year before Lemming and Julius Saaristo first did so with a regular grip.^{[1]: 440 [5]: 214}

The first known women's javelin marks were recorded in Finland in 1909.^[6] Originally, women threw the same implement as men; a lighter, shorter javelin for women was introduced in the 1920s. Women's javelin throw was added to the Olympic program in 1932; Mildred "Babe" Didrikson of the United States became the first champion.^[2]: 479

For a long time, javelins were made of solid wood, typically birch, with a steel tip. The hollow, highly aerodynamic Held javelin, invented by American thrower Bud Held and developed and manufactured by his brother Dick, was introduced in the 1950s; the first Held javelins were also wooden with steel tips, but later models were made entirely of metal.^{[2]: 478–479 [6][7]} These new javelins flew further, but were also less likely to land neatly point first; as a response to the increasingly frequent flat or ambiguously flat landings, experiments with modified javelins started in the early 1980s. The resulting designs, which made flat landings much less common and reduced the distances thrown, became official for men starting in April 1986 and for women in April 1999, and the world records (then 104.80 m by Uwe Hohn, and 80.00 m by Petra Felke) were reset.^[8] The current (as of 2017) men's world record is held by Jan Železný at 98.48 m (1996); Barbora Špotáková holds the women's world record at 72.28 m (2008).

Of the 69 Olympic medals that have been awarded in the men's javelin, 32 have gone to competitors from Norway, Sweden or Finland. Finland is the only nation to have swept the medals at a currently recognized official Olympics, and has done so twice, in 1920 and 1932, in addition to its 1912 sweep in the two-handed javelin; in 1920 Finland swept the first four places, which is no longer possible as only three entrants per country are allowed. Finland has, however, never been nearly as successful in the women's javelin.^[2]: 479

The javelin throw has been part of the decathlon since the decathlon was introduced in the early 1910s; the all-around, an earlier ten-event contest of American origin, did not include the javelin throw. The javelin was also part of some (though not all) of the many early forms of women's pentathlon and has always been included in the heptathlon after it replaced the pentathlon in 1981.^[9]

Rules and competitions[]

The size, shape, minimum weight, and center of gravity of the javelin are all defined by IAAF rules. In international competition, men throw a javelin between 2.6 and 2.7 m (8 ft 6 in and 8 ft 10 in) in length and 800 g (28 oz) in weight, and women throw a javelin between 2.2 and 2.3 m (7 ft 3 in and 7 ft 7 in) in length and 600 g (21 oz) in weight. The javelin has a grip, about 150 mm (5.9 in) wide, made of cord and located at the javelin's center of gravity (0.9 to 1.06 m (2 ft 11 in to 3 ft 6 in)) from the javelin tip for the men's javelin and 0.8 to 0.92 m (2 ft 7 in to 3 ft 0 in) from the javelin tip for the women's javelin.

Matti Järvinen throwing the javelin at the 1932 Olympics

Unlike the other throwing events (shot put, discus, and hammer), the technique used to throw the javelin is dictated by IAAF rules and "non-orthodox" techniques are not permitted. The javelin must be held at its grip and thrown overhand, over the athlete's shoulder or upper arm. Further, the athlete is prohibited from turning completely around such that his back faces the direction of throw. In practice, this prevents athletes from attempting to spin and hurl the javelin sidearm in the style of a discus throw. This rule was put in place when a group of athletes began experimenting with a spin technique referred to as "free style". On 24 October 1956, threw 99.52 m (326 ft 6 in)^[10] using the technique holding the end of the javelin. Officials were so afraid of the out of control nature of the technique that the practice was banned through these rule specifications.

Instead of being confined to a circle, javelin throwers have a runway 4 m (13 ft) wide and at least 30 m (98 ft) in length, ending in a curved arc from which their throw will be measured; athletes typically use this distance to gain momentum in a "run-up" to their throw. Like the other throwing events, the competitor may not leave the throwing area (the runway) until after the implement lands. The need to come to a stop behind the throwing arc limits both how close the athlete can come to the line before the release as well as the maximum speed achieved at the time of release.

The javelin is thrown towards a "sector" covering an angle of 28.96 degrees extending outwards from the arc at the end of the runway. A throw is legal only if the tip of the javelin lands within this sector, and the tip strikes the ground before any other part of the javelin.^[11] The distance of the throw is measured from the throwing arc to the point where the tip of the javelin landed, rounded down to the nearest centimeter.

Competition rules are similar to other throwing events: a round consists of one attempt by each competitor in turn, and competitions typically consist of three to six rounds. The competitor with the longest single legal throw (over all rounds) is the winner; in the case of a tie the competitors' second-longest throws are also considered. Competitions involving large numbers of athletes sometimes use a "cut": all competitors compete in the first three rounds, but only athletes who are currently among the top eight or have achieved some minimum distances are permitted to attempt to improve on their distance in additional rounds (typically three).

Javelin redesigns[]

Uwe Hohn (pictured in 1984) holds the "eternal world record" with a throw of 104.80 m as a new type of javelin was implemented in 1986.

On 1 April 1986, the men's javelin (800 grams (1.76 lb)) was redesigned by the governing body (the IAAF Technical Committee). They decided to change the rules for javelin design because of the increasingly frequent flat landings and the resulting discussions and protests when these attempts were declared valid or invalid by competition judges. The world record had also crept up to a potentially dangerous level, 104.80 m (343.8 ft) by Uwe Hohn. With throws exceeding 100 meters, it was becoming difficult to safely stage the competition within the confines of a stadium infield. The javelin was redesigned so that the centre of gravity was moved 4 cm (1.6 in) forward. In addition, the surface area in front of centre of gravity was reduced, while the surface area behind the centre of gravity was increased. This had an effect similar to that produced by the feathers on an arrow. The javelin turns into the relative wind. This relative wind appears to originate from the ground as the javelin descends, thus the javelin turns to face the ground. As the javelin turns into the wind less lift is generated, reducing the flight distance by around 10% but also causing the javelin to stick in the ground more consistently. In 1999, the women's javelin (600 grams (1.32 lb)) was similarly redesigned.^[12]

Modifications that manufacturers made to recover some of the lost distance, by increasing tail drag (using holes, rough paint or dimples), were forbidden at the end of 1991 and marks made using implements with such modifications removed from the record books. Seppo Räty had achieved a world record of 96.96 m (318.1 ft) in 1991 with such a design, but this record was nullified.

Weight rules by age group[]

The weight of the javelin in the Under-20 category is the same as the senior level.^[13]

Technique and training[]

Unlike other throwing events, javelin allows the competitor to build speed over a considerable distance. In addition to the core and upper body strength necessary to deliver the implement, javelin throwers benefit from the agility and athleticism typically associated with running and jumping events. Thus, the athletes share more physical characteristics with sprinters than with others, although they still need the skill of heavier throwing athletes.

Traditional free-weight training is often used by javelin throwers. Metal-rod exercises and resistance band exercises can be used to train a similar action to the javelin throw to increase power and intensity. Without proper strength and flexibility, throwers can become extremely injury prone, especially in the shoulder and elbow. Core stability can help in the transference of physical power and force from the ground through the body to the javelin. Stretching and sprint training are used to enhance the speed of the athlete at the point of release, and subsequently, the speed of the javelin. At release, a javelin can reach speeds approaching 113 km/h (70 mph).

The javelin throw consists of three separate phases: the run-up, the transition, and the delivery. During each phase, the position of the javelin changes while the thrower changes his or her muscle recruitment. In the run-up phase as Luann Voza states, "your arm is bent and kept close to your head, keeping the javelin in alignment with little to no arm movement".^[14] This allows the thrower's bicep to contract, flexing the elbow. In order for the javelin to stay up high, the thrower's deltoid flexes. In the transition phase, the thrower's "back muscles contract" as "the javelin is brought back in alignment with the shoulder with the thrower's palm up".^[14] This, according to Voza, "stretches your pectoral, or chest, muscles. From there, a stretch reflex, an involuntary contraction of your chest, helps bring your throwing arm forward with increased force".^[14] During the final phase, the rotation of the shoulders initiates the release, which then "transfers movement through the triceps muscles, wrists and fingers to extend the throwing arm forward to release the javelin".^[14]

US high school and youth competitions[]

Due to the fear of liability, the javelin throw is not an event in NFHS high school competition in 36 states, though USATF youth competitions for the same aged athletes do hold javelin competitions.^[15] At various points in time, high schools have attempted to create substitute events, including the softball throw, football throw^[16] and the grenade throw,^[17] throwing different objects under rules similar to javelin throw rules. In those states that do allow high school javelin competition, a few specify that the tip must be of rubber. Further, in age group track meets in the U.S., and in particular with elementary-school children in the Northeast, the Turbojav—a smaller plastic implement with a rubber tip but with similar flying characteristics as a real javelin—is a popular alternative.

Culture[]

A women's and a men's javelin

In 1994, Michael Torke composed Javelin, commissioned by the Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games in celebration of the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra's 50th anniversary season, in conjunction with the 1996 Summer Olympics.

Javelin throwers have been selected as a main motif in numerous collectors' coins. One of the recent samples is the €5 Finnish 10th IAAF World Championships in Athletics commemorative coin, minted in 2005 to commemorate the 2005 World Championships in Athletics. On the obverse of the coin, a javelin thrower is depicted. On the reverse, legs of hurdle runners with the Helsinki Olympic Stadium tower in the background can be seen.

All-time top 25 (current models)[]

Men[]

• Correct as of June 2021.^[18]

Rank	Mark	Athlete	Date	Place	Ref
1	98.48 m (323 ft 1 in)	Jan Železný (CZE)	25 May 1996	Jena
2	97.76 m (320 ft 8+3⁄4 in)	Johannes Vetter (GER)	6 September 2020	Chorzów	[19]
3	93.90 m (308 ft 3⁄4 in)	Thomas Röhler (GER)	5 May 2017	Doha	[20]
4	93.09 m (305 ft 4+3⁄4 in)	Aki Parviainen (FIN)	26 June 1999	Kuortane
5	92.72 m (304 ft 2+1⁄4 in)	Julius Yego (KEN)	26 August 2015	Beijing	[21]
6	92.61 m (303 ft 10 in)	Sergey Makarov (RUS)	30 June 2002	Sheffield
7	92.60 m (303 ft 9+1⁄2 in)	Raymond Hecht (GER)	21 July 1995	Oslo
8	92.06 m (302 ft 1⁄4 in)	Andreas Hofmann (GER)	2 June 2018	Offenburg	[22]
9	91.69 m (300 ft 9+3⁄4 in)	Konstadinós Gatsioúdis (GRE)	24 June 2000	Kuortane
10	91.59 m (300 ft 5+3⁄4 in)	Andreas Thorkildsen (NOR)	2 June 2006	Oslo
11	91.53 m (300 ft 3+1⁄2 in)	Tero Pitkämäki (FIN)	26 June 2005	Kuortane
12	91.46 m (300 ft 3⁄4 in)	Steve Backley (GBR)	25 January 1992	Auckland	[23]
13	91.36 m (299 ft 8+3⁄4 in)	Cheng Chao-tsun (TPE)	26 August 2017	Taipei	[24]
14	91.29 m (299 ft 6 in)	Breaux Greer (USA)	21 June 2007	Indianapolis
15	90.82 m (297 ft 11+1⁄2 in)	Kimmo Kinnunen (FIN)	26 August 1991	Tokyo
16	90.73 m (297 ft 8 in)	Vadims Vasilevskis (LAT)	22 July 2007	Tallinn
17	90.61 m (297 ft 3+1⁄4 in)	Magnus Kirt (EST)	22 June 2019	Kuortane	[25]
18	90.60 m (297 ft 2+3⁄4 in)	Seppo Räty (FIN)	20 July 1992	Nurmijärvi
19	90.44 m (296 ft 8+1⁄2 in)	Boris Henry (GER)	9 July 1997	Linz
20	90.16 m (295 ft 9+1⁄2 in)	Keshorn Walcott (TTO)	9 July 2015	Lausanne
21	89.73 m (294 ft 4+1⁄2 in)	Jakub Vadlejch (CZE)	12 August 2017	London	[26]
22	89.55 m (293 ft 9+1⁄2 in)	Marcin Krukowski (POL)	8 June 2021	Turku	[27]
23	89.21 m (292 ft 8 in)	Ihab Abdelrahman (EGY)	18 May 2014	Shanghai
24	89.17 m (292 ft 6+1⁄2 in)	Edis Matusevičius (LTU)	27 July 2019	Palanga	[28]
25	89.16 m (292 ft 6 in) A	Tom Petranoff (RSA)	1 March 1991	Potchefstroom	[29]

Notes[]

Below is a list of all other performances (excluding ancillary throws) equal or superior to 90.75 m:

• Johannes Vetter also threw 96.29 (2021), 94.44 (2017), 94.20 (2021), 93.88 (2017), 93.59 (2021), 93.20 (2021), 93.06 (2017), 92.70 (2018), 92.14 (2021), 91.67 (2017), 91.56 (2018), 91.50 (2021), 91.49 (2020), 91.22 (2018), 91.20 (2017), 91.12 (2021), 91.06 (2017), 90.86 (2020) and 90.75 (2017).
• Jan Železný also threw 95.66 (1993), 95.54 (1993), 94.64 (1996), 94.02 (1997), 92.80 (2001), 92.42 (1997), 92.28 (1995), 92.12 (2 × 1995), 91.82 (1994), 91.68 (1994), 91.50 (1994 & 1996), 91.40 (1993), 91.34 (1997), 91.30 (1995), 91.28 (1994), 91.23 (2001), 91.04 (1996) and 90.80 (1995).
• Aki Parviainen also threw 92.41 (2001), 91.31 (2001), 90.97 (2000), 90.88 (1998) and 90.80 (2000).
• Thomas Röhler also threw 91.78 (2018), 91.53 (2017), 91.28 (2016) and 90.75 (2018).
• Raymond Hecht also threw 91.50 (1996).
• Andreas Hofmann also threw 91.44 (2 × 2018) and 91.07 (2017).
• Julius Yego also threw 91.39 (2015).
• Tero Pitkämäki also threw 91.33 (2005), 91.23 (2007) and 91.11 (2006).
• Andreas Thorkildsen also threw 91.28 (2009).
• Konstadinos Gatsioudis also threw 91.27 (2001) and 91.23 (2002).
• Sergey Makarov also threw 90.87 (2002) and 90.86 (2002).
• Steve Backley also threw 90.81 (2001).

Women[]

• Correct as of May 2021.^[30]

Rank	Mark	Athlete	Date	Place	Ref
1	72.28 m (237 ft 1+1⁄2 in)	Barbora Špotáková (CZE)	13 September 2008	Stuttgart
2	71.70 m (235 ft 2+3⁄4 in)	Osleidys Menéndez (CUB)	14 August 2005	Helsinki
3	71.40 m (234 ft 3 in)	Maria Andrejczyk (POL)	9 May 2021	Split	[31]
4	70.53 m (231 ft 4+3⁄4 in)	Mariya Abakumova (RUS)	1 September 2013	Berlin
5	70.20 m (230 ft 3+3⁄4 in)	Christina Obergföll (GER)	23 June 2007	Munich
6	69.48 m (227 ft 11+1⁄4 in)	Trine Hattestad (NOR)	28 July 2000	Oslo
7	69.35 m (227 ft 6+1⁄4 in)	Sunette Viljoen (RSA)	9 June 2012	New York City
8	69.19 m (227 ft 0 in)	Christin Hussong (GER)	30 May 2021	Chorzów	[32]
9	68.92 m (226 ft 1+1⁄4 in)	Kathryn Mitchell (AUS)	11 April 2018	Gold Coast	[33]
10	68.43 m (224 ft 6 in)	Sara Kolak (CRO)	6 July 2017	Lausanne	[34]
11	68.34 m (224 ft 2+1⁄2 in)	Steffi Nerius (GER)	31 August 2008	Elstal
12	67.98 m (223 ft 1⁄4 in)	Lü Huihui (CHN)	2 August 2019	Shenyang	[35]
13	67.70 m (222 ft 1+1⁄4 in)	Kelsey-Lee Barber (AUS)	9 July 2019	Lucerne	[36]
14	67.69 m (222 ft 3⁄4 in)	Katharina Molitor (GER)	30 August 2015	Beijing	[37]
15	67.67 m (222 ft 0 in)	Sonia Bisset (CUB)	6 July 2005	Salamanca
16	67.51 m (221 ft 5+3⁄4 in)	Miréla Manjani (GRE)	30 September 2000	Sydney
17	67.47 m (221 ft 4+1⁄4 in)	Tatsiana Khaladovich (BLR)	7 June 2018	Oslo	[38]
18	67.40 m (221 ft 1+1⁄2 in)	Nikola Ogrodníková (CZE)	26 May 2019	Offenburg	[39]
19	67.32 m (220 ft 10+1⁄4 in)	Linda Stahl (GER)	14 June 2014	New York City
20	67.30 m (220 ft 9+1⁄2 in)	Vera Rebrik (RUS)	19 February 2016	Adler	[40]
21	67.29 m (220 ft 9 in)	Hanna Hatsko-Fedusova (UKR)	26 July 2014	Kirovohrad
		Liu Shiying (CHN)	15 September 2020	Shaoxing	[41]
23	67.21 m (220 ft 6 in)	Eda Tuğsuz (TUR)	18 May 2017	Baku	[42]
24	67.20 m (220 ft 5+1⁄2 in)	Tatyana Shikolenko (RUS)	18 August 2000	Monaco
25	67.16 m (220 ft 4 in)	Martina Ratej (SLO)	14 May 2010	Doha

Notes[]

Below is a list of all other performances (excluding ancillary throws) equal or superior to 69.50 m:

• Barbora Spotáková also threw 71.58 (2011), 71.42 (2008) and 69.55 (2012).
• Osleidys Menéndez also threw 71.54 (2001), 71.53 (2004), 69.82 (2001) and 69.53 (2001).
• Christina Obergföll also threw 70.03 (2005), 69.81 (2008) and 69.57 (2011).
• Mariya Abakumova also threw 69.75 (2013).

Annulled[]

The following athletes had their performance (over 69.52 m) annulled due to doping offenses:

• Mariya Abakumova threw 71.99 (2011).

All-time top 5 (dimpled models 1990–1991)[]

Marks set using dimpled rough-tailed javelins manufactured by several companies were nullified effective 20 September 1991.^{[5]: 208–209}

Rank	Mark	Athlete	Date	Place	Ref
1	96.96	Seppo Räty (FIN)	2 June 1991	Punkalaidun	[43]
2	91.36	Steve Backley (GBR)	15 September 1991	Sheffield
3	90.84	Raymond Hecht (GER)	8 September 1991	Gengenbach
4	90.82	Kimmo Kinnunen (FIN)	26 August 1991	Tokyo
5	90.72	Jan Železný (TCH)	10 July 1991	Lausanne

All-time top 15 (old models)[]

Men[]

Rank	Mark	Athlete	Date	Place	Ref
1	104.80	Uwe Hohn (GDR)	21 July 1984	Berlin
2	99.72	Tom Petranoff (USA)	15 May 1983	Westwood
3	96.72	Ferenc Paragi (HUN)	23 April 1980	Tata
		Detlef Michel (GER)	9 June 1983	Berlin
5	95.80	Bob Roggy (USA)	29 August 1982	Stuttgart
6	95.10	Brian Crouser (USA)	5 August 1985	Eugene
7	94.58	Miklós Németh (HUN)	26 July 1976	Montreal
8	94.22	Michael Wessing (FRG)	3 August 1978	Oslo
9	94.20	Heino Puuste (EST)	5 June 1983	Birmingham
10	94.08	Klaus Wolfermann (FRG)	5 May 1973	Leverkusen
11	94.06	Duncan Atwood (USA)	26 July 1985	Eugene
12	93.90	Hannu Siitonen (FIN)	6 June 1973	Helsinki
13	93.84	Pentti Sinersaari (FIN)	27 January 1979	Auckland
14	93.80	Jānis Lūsis (LAT)	6 July 1972	Stockholm
15	93.70	Viktor Yevsyukov (KAZ)	17 July 1985	Kyiv

Women[]

Rank	Mark	Athlete	Date	Place	Ref
1	80.00	Petra Felke (GDR)	8 September 1988	Potsdam
2	77.44	Fatima Whitbread (GBR)	28 August 1986	Stuttgart
3	74.76	Tiina Lillak (FIN)	13 June 1983	Tampere
4	74.20	Sofia Sakorafa (GRE)	26 September 1982	Hania
5	73.58	Tessa Sanderson (GBR)	26 June 1983	Edinburgh
6	72.70	Anna Verouli (GRE)	20 May 1984	Hania
7	72.16	Antje Kempe (GDR)	5 May 1984	Celje
8	72.12	Trine Hattestad (NOR)	10 July 1993	Oslo
9	71.88	Antoaneta Todorova (BUL)	15 August 1981	Birmingham
10	71.82	Ivonne Leal (CUB)	30 August 1985	Leverkusen
11	71.40	Natalya Shikolenko (BLR)	5 June 1994	Sevilla
12	71.00	Silke Renk (GDR)	25 June 1988	Rostock
13	70.76	Beate Koch (GDR)	22 June 1989	Rostock
14	70.42	Zhang Li (CHN)	6 August 1990	Tianjin
15	70.20	Karen Forkel (GER)	9 May 1991	Halle

Olympic medalists[]

Men[]

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1908 London details	Eric Lemming  Sweden	Arne Halse  Norway	Otto Nilsson  Sweden
1912 Stockholm details	Eric Lemming  Sweden	Julius Saaristo  Finland	Mór Kóczán  Hungary
1920 Antwerp details	Jonni Myyrä  Finland	Urho Peltonen  Finland	Pekka Johansson  Finland
1924 Paris details	Jonni Myyrä  Finland	Gunnar Lindström  Sweden	Eugene Oberst  United States
1928 Amsterdam details	Erik Lundqvist  Sweden	Béla Szepes  Hungary	Olav Sunde  Norway
1932 Los Angeles details	Matti Järvinen  Finland	Matti Sippala  Finland	Eino Penttilä  Finland
1936 Berlin details	Gerhard Stöck  Germany	Yrjö Nikkanen  Finland	Kalervo Toivonen  Finland
1948 London details	Tapio Rautavaara  Finland	Steve Seymour  United States	József Várszegi  Hungary
1952 Helsinki details	Cy Young  United States	Bill Miller  United States	Toivo Hyytiäinen  Finland
1956 Melbourne details	Egil Danielsen  Norway	Janusz Sidło  Poland	Viktor Tsybulenko  Soviet Union
1960 Rome details	Viktor Tsybulenko  Soviet Union	Walter Krüger  United Team of Germany	Gergely Kulcsár  Hungary
1964 Tokyo details	Pauli Nevala  Finland	Gergely Kulcsár  Hungary	Jānis Lūsis  Soviet Union
1968 Mexico City details	Jānis Lūsis  Soviet Union	Jorma Kinnunen  Finland	Gergely Kulcsár  Hungary
1972 Munich details	Klaus Wolfermann  West Germany	Jānis Lūsis  Soviet Union	Bill Schmidt  United States
1976 Montreal details	Miklós Németh  Hungary	Hannu Siitonen  Finland	Gheorghe Megelea  Romania
1980 Moscow details	Dainis Kūla  Soviet Union	Aleksandr Makarov  Soviet Union	Wolfgang Hanisch  East Germany
1984 Los Angeles details	Arto Härkönen  Finland	David Ottley  Great Britain	Kenth Eldebrink  Sweden
1988 Seoul details	Tapio Korjus  Finland	Jan Železný  Czechoslovakia	Seppo Räty  Finland
1992 Barcelona details	Jan Železný  Czechoslovakia	Seppo Räty  Finland	Steve Backley  Great Britain
1996 Atlanta details	Jan Železný  Czech Republic	Steve Backley  Great Britain	Seppo Räty  Finland
2000 Sydney details	Jan Železný  Czech Republic	Steve Backley  Great Britain	Sergey Makarov  Russia
2004 Athens details	Andreas Thorkildsen  Norway	Vadims Vasiļevskis  Latvia	Sergey Makarov  Russia
2008 Beijing details	Andreas Thorkildsen  Norway	Ainārs Kovals  Latvia	Tero Pitkämäki  Finland
2012 London details	Keshorn Walcott  Trinidad and Tobago	Antti Ruuskanen  Finland	Vítězslav Veselý  Czech Republic
2016 Rio de Janeiro details	Thomas Röhler  Germany	Julius Yego  Kenya	Keshorn Walcott  Trinidad and Tobago
2020 Tokyo details	Neeraj Chopra  India	Jakub Vadlejch  Czech Republic	Vítězslav Veselý  Czech Republic

Women[]

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1932 Los Angeles details	Babe Didrikson  United States	Ellen Braumüller  Germany	Tilly Fleischer  Germany
1936 Berlin details	Tilly Fleischer  Germany	Luise Krüger  Germany	Maria Kwaśniewska  Poland
1948 London details	Herma Bauma  Austria	Kaisa Parviainen  Finland	Lily Carlstedt  Denmark
1952 Helsinki details	Dana Zátopková  Czechoslovakia	Aleksandra Chudina  Soviet Union	Yelena Gorchakova  Soviet Union
1956 Melbourne details	Inese Jaunzeme  Soviet Union	Marlene Ahrens  Chile	Nadezhda Konyayeva  Soviet Union
1960 Rome details	Elvīra Ozoliņa  Soviet Union	Dana Zátopková  Czechoslovakia	Birutė Kalėdienė  Soviet Union
1964 Tokyo details	Mihaela Peneș  Romania	Márta Rudas  Hungary	Yelena Gorchakova  Soviet Union
1968 Mexico City details	Angéla Németh  Hungary	Mihaela Peneș  Romania	Eva Janko  Austria
1972 Munich details	Ruth Fuchs  East Germany	Jacqueline Todten  East Germany	Kate Schmidt  United States
1976 Montreal details	Ruth Fuchs  East Germany	Marion Becker  West Germany	Kate Schmidt  United States
1980 Moscow details	María Caridad Colón  Cuba	Saida Gunba  Soviet Union	Ute Hommola  East Germany
1984 Los Angeles details	Tessa Sanderson  Great Britain	Tiina Lillak  Finland	Fatima Whitbread  Great Britain
1988 Seoul details	Petra Felke  East Germany	Fatima Whitbread  Great Britain	Beate Koch  East Germany
1992 Barcelona details	Silke Renk  Germany	Natalya Shikolenko  Unified Team	Karen Forkel  Germany
1996 Atlanta details	Heli Rantanen  Finland	Louise McPaul  Australia	Trine Hattestad  Norway
2000 Sydney details	Trine Hattestad  Norway	Mirela Maniani-Tzelili  Greece	Osleidys Menéndez  Cuba
2004 Athens details	Osleidys Menéndez  Cuba	Steffi Nerius  Germany	Mirela Maniani  Greece
2008 Beijing details	Barbora Špotáková  Czech Republic	Christina Obergföll  Germany[44]	Goldie Sayers  Great Britain
2012 London details	Barbora Špotáková  Czech Republic	Christina Obergföll  Germany	Linda Stahl  Germany
2016 Rio de Janeiro details	Sara Kolak  Croatia	Sunette Viljoen  South Africa	Barbora Špotáková  Czech Republic
2020 Tokyo details	Liu Shiying  China	Maria Andrejczyk  Poland	Kelsey-Lee Barber  Australia

World Championships medalists[]

Men[]

Championships	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1983 Helsinki details	Detlef Michel (GDR)	Tom Petranoff (USA)	Dainis Kūla (URS)
1987 Rome details	Seppo Räty (FIN)	Viktor Yevsyukov (URS)	Jan Železný (TCH)
1991 Tokyo details	Kimmo Kinnunen (FIN)	Seppo Räty (FIN)	Vladimir Sasimovich (URS)
1993 Stuttgart details	Jan Železný (CZE)	Kimmo Kinnunen (FIN)	Mick Hill (GBR)
1995 Gothenburg details	Jan Železný (CZE)	Steve Backley (GBR)	Boris Henry (GER)
1997 Athens details	Marius Corbett (RSA)	Steve Backley (GBR)	Konstadinos Gatsioudis (GRE)
1999 Seville details	Aki Parviainen (FIN)	Konstadinos Gatsioudis (GRE)	Jan Železný (CZE)
2001 Edmonton details	Jan Železný (CZE)	Aki Parviainen (FIN)	Konstadinos Gatsioudis (GRE)
2003 Saint-Denis details	Sergey Makarov (RUS)	Andrus Värnik (EST)	Boris Henry (GER)
2005 Helsinki details	Andrus Värnik (EST)	Andreas Thorkildsen (NOR)	Sergey Makarov (RUS)
2007 Osaka details	Tero Pitkämäki (FIN)	Andreas Thorkildsen (NOR)	Breaux Greer (USA)
2009 Berlin details	Andreas Thorkildsen (NOR)	Guillermo Martínez (CUB)	Yukifumi Murakami (JPN)
2011 Daegu details	Matthias de Zordo (GER)	Andreas Thorkildsen (NOR)	Guillermo Martínez (CUB)
2013 Moscow details	Vítězslav Veselý (CZE)	Tero Pitkämäki (FIN)	Dmitriy Tarabin (RUS)
2015 Beijing details	Julius Yego (KEN)	Ihab Abdelrahman (EGY)	Tero Pitkämäki (FIN)
2017 London details	Johannes Vetter (GER)	Jakub Vadlejch (CZE)	Petr Frydrych (CZE)
2019 Doha details	Anderson Peters (GRN)	Magnus Kirt (EST)	Johannes Vetter (GER)

Women[]

Championships	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1983 Helsinki details	Tiina Lillak (FIN)	Fatima Whitbread (GBR)	Anna Verouli (GRE)
1987 Rome details	Fatima Whitbread (GBR)	Petra Felke-Meier (GDR)	Beate Peters (FRG)
1991 Tokyo details	Xu Demei (CHN)	Petra Felke-Meier (GER)	Silke Renk (GER)
1993 Stuttgart details	Trine Solberg-Hattestad (NOR)	Karen Forkel (GER)	Natalya Shikolenko (BLR)
1995 Gothenburg details	Natalya Shikolenko (BLR)	Felicia Țilea-Moldovan (ROU)	Mikaela Ingberg (FIN)
1997 Athens details	Trine Solberg-Hattestad (NOR)	Joanna Stone (AUS)	Tanja Damaske (GER)
1999 Seville details	Mirela Manjani-Tzelili (GRE)	Tatyana Shikolenko (RUS)	Trine Solberg-Hattestad (NOR)
2001 Edmonton details	Osleidys Menéndez (CUB)	Mirela Manjani-Tzelili (GRE)	Sonia Bisset (CUB)
2003 Saint-Denis details	Mirela Maniani (GRE)	Tatyana Shikolenko (RUS)	Steffi Nerius (GER)
2005 Helsinki details	Osleidys Menéndez (CUB)	Christina Obergföll (GER)	Steffi Nerius (GER)
2007 Osaka details	Barbora Špotáková (CZE)	Christina Obergföll (GER)	Steffi Nerius (GER)
2009 Berlin details	Steffi Nerius (GER)	Barbora Špotáková (CZE)	Mariya Abakumova (RUS)
2011 Daegu details	Barbora Špotáková (CZE)	Sunette Viljoen (RSA)	Christina Obergföll (GER)[45]
2013 Moscow details	Christina Obergföll (GER)	Kim Mickle (AUS)	Mariya Abakumova (RUS)
2015 Beijing details	Katharina Molitor (GER)	Lü Huihui (CHN)	Sunette Viljoen (RSA)
2017 London details	Barbora Špotáková (CZE)	Li Lingwei (CHN)	Lü Huihui (CHN)
2019 Doha details	Kelsey-Lee Barber (AUS)	Liu Shiying (CHN)	Lü Huihui (CHN)

Season's bests[]

Men[] Year Mark Athlete Place 1967 90.98  Jānis Lūsis (URS) Odessa 1968 91.98  Jānis Lūsis (URS) Saarijärvi 1969 92.70  Jorma Kinnunen (FIN) Tampere 1970 92.64  Pauli Nevala (FIN) Helsinki 1971 90.68  Jānis Lūsis (URS) Helsinki 1972 93.80  Jānis Lūsis (URS) Stockholm 1973 94.08  Klaus Wolfermann (FRG) Leverkusen 1974 89.58  Hannu Siitonen (FIN) Rome 1975 91.38  Miklós Németh (HUN) Budapest 1976 94.58  Miklós Németh (HUN) Montreal 1977 94.10  Miklós Németh (HUN) Stockholm 1978 94.22  Michael Wessing (FRG) Oslo 1979 93.84  Pentti Sinersaari (FIN) Auckland 1980 96.72  Ferenc Paragi (HUN) Tata 1981 92.48  Detlef Michel (GDR) Berlin 1982 95.80  Bob Roggy (USA) Stuttgart 1983 99.72  Tom Petranoff (USA) Westwood 1984 104.80  Uwe Hohn (GDR) Berlin 1985 96.96  Uwe Hohn (GDR) Canberra A new model was introduced in 1986, and all records started fresh. Year Mark Athlete Place 1986 85.74  Klaus Tafelmeier (FRG) Como 1987 87.66  Jan Železný (TCH) Nitra 1988 86.88  Jan Železný (TCH) Leverkusen 1989 87.60  Kazuhiro Mizoguchi (JPN) San José 1990 89.58  Steve Backley (GBR) Stockholm 1991 90.82  Kimmo Kinnunen (FIN) Tokyo 1992 91.46  Steve Backley (GBR) Auckland 1993 95.66  Jan Železný (CZE) Sheffield 1994 91.82  Jan Železný (CZE) Sheffield 1995 92.60  Raymond Hecht (GER) Oslo 1996 98.48  Jan Železný (CZE) Jena 1997 94.02  Jan Železný (CZE) Stellenbosch 1998 90.88  Aki Parviainen (FIN) Tartu 1999 93.09  Aki Parviainen (FIN) Kuortane 2000 91.69  Konstadinós Gatsioúdis (GRE) Kuortane 2001 92.80  Jan Železný (CZE) Edmonton 2002 92.61  Sergey Makarov (RUS) Sheffield 2003 90.11  Sergey Makarov (RUS) Dessau 2004 87.73  Aleksandr Ivanov (RUS) Ostrava 2005 91.53  Tero Pitkämäki (FIN) Kuortane 2006 91.59  Andreas Thorkildsen (NOR) Oslo 2007 91.29  Breaux Greer (USA) Indianapolis 2008 90.57  Andreas Thorkildsen (NOR) Beijing 2009 91.28  Andreas Thorkildsen (NOR) Zürich 2010 90.37  Andreas Thorkildsen (NOR) Florø 2011 90.61  Andreas Thorkildsen (NOR) Byrkjelo 2012 88.34  Vítězslav Veselý (CZE) London 2013 89.03  Tero Pitkämäki (FIN) Bad Köstritz 2014 89.21  Ihab Abdelrahman (EGY) Shanghai 2015 92.72  Julius Yego (KEN) Beijing 2016 91.28  Thomas Röhler (GER) Turku 2017 94.44  Johannes Vetter (GER) Lucerne 2018 92.70  Johannes Vetter (GER) Leiria 2019 90.61  Magnus Kirt (EST) Kuortane 2020 97.76  Johannes Vetter (GER) Chorzów 2021 96.29  Johannes Vetter (GER) Chorzów

Women[] Year Mark Athlete Place 1973 66.10  Ruth Fuchs (GDR) Edinburgh 1974 67.22  Ruth Fuchs (GDR) Rome 1975 66.46  Ruth Fuchs (GDR) Sudbury 1976 69.12  Ruth Fuchs (GDR) Berlin 1977 69.32  Kate Schmidt (USA) Fürth 1978 69.16  Ruth Fuchs (GDR) Prague 1979 69.52  Ruth Fuchs (GDR) Dresden 1980 70.08  Tatyana Biryulina (URS) Podolsk 1981 71.88  Antoaneta Todorova (BUL) Zagreb 1982 74.20  Sofia Sakorafa (GRE) Hania 1983 74.76  Tiina Lillak (FIN) Tampere 1984 74.72  Petra Felke (GDR) Celje 1985 75.40  Petra Felke (GDR) Schwerin 1986 77.44  Fatima Whitbread (GBR) Stuttgart 1987 78.90  Petra Felke (GDR) Leipzig 1988 80.00  Petra Felke (GDR) Potsdam 1989 76.88  Petra Felke (GDR) Macerata 1990 73.08  Petra Felke (GER) Manaus 1991 71.44  Trine Hattestad (NOR) Fana 1992 70.36  Natalya Shikolenko (BLR) Moscow 1993 72.12  Trine Hattestad (NOR) Oslo 1994 71.40  Natalya Shikolenko (BLR) Seville 1995 71.18  Natalya Shikolenko (BLR) Zürich 1996 69.42  Steffi Nerius (GER) Monaco 1997 69.66  Trine Hattestad (NOR) Helsinki 1998 70.10  Tanja Damaske (GER) Berlin A new model was introduced in 1999 and all records started fresh. Year Mark Athlete Place 1999 68.19  Trine Hattestad (NOR) Fana 2000 69.48  Trine Hattestad (NOR) Oslo 2001 71.54  Osleidys Menéndez (CUB) Rethymno 2002 67.47  Miréla Manjani (GRE) Munich 2003 66.52  Miréla Manjani (GRE) Paris 2004 71.53  Osleidys Menéndez (CUB) Athens 2005 71.70  Osleidys Menéndez (CUB) Helsinki 2006 66.91  Christina Obergföll (GER) Athens 2007 70.20  Christina Obergföll (GER) Munich 2008 72.28  Barbora Špotáková (CZE) Stuttgart 2009 68.59  Christina Obergföll (GER) Leiria 2010 68.66  Barbora Špotáková (CZE) Rome 2011 71.58  Barbora Špotáková (CZE) Daegu 2012 69.55  Barbora Špotáková (CZE) London 2013 70.53  Mariya Abakumova (RUS) Berlin 2014 67.99  Barbora Spotáková (CZE) Brussels 2015 67.69  Katharina Molitor (GER) Beijing 2016 67.30  Vera Rebrik (RUS) Adler 2017 68.43  Sara Kolak (CRO) Lausanne 2018 68.92  Kathryn Mitchell (AUS) Gold Coast 2019 67.98  Lü Huihui (CHN) Shenyang 2020 67.61  Lü Huihui (CHN) Beijing 2021 71.40  Maria Andrejczyk (POL) Split Maria Abakumova at the 2011 World Athletics Championships

See also[]

• List of javelin throw national champions (men)
• List of javelin throwers

References[]

External links[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Javelin throw.

• IAAF list of javelin-throw records in XML
• (IAAF Statement) – statement of reasons to modify the javelin design
• Masters World Rankings
• IAAF competition rules