List of Egyptian castles, forts, fortifications and city walls

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cairo Citadel was first established by Saladin and later expanded by several rulers including Muhammad Ali Pasha. It is included in a World Heritage Site Historic Cairo.[1]
Qaitbay Citadel in Alexandria is one of the well preserved Egyptian castles.

Many buildings in Egypt can be put under the classification of castles, citadels, forts, and fortifications.

List by age[]

Pharaonic[]

Lower Egypt[]

  • Fortification of Memphis[2]
  • Fort of Walls of the Prince (inebw heka), Eastern Delta.[2]
  • Fortress of Wadi Natrun, western Delta.[2]
  • Rhakotis fort, Alexandria[3]
  • Tahpanhes fort or Castle of the Jew's Daughter
  • Heliopolis Fortifications.[4]

Middle Egypt[]

Upper Egypt[]

  • Kom el-Ahmar (Hierakonpolis) fortifications[2]
  • Fortress of Abydos[2]
  • Shunet ez Zebib forts near Abydos
  • Medinet Habu New Kingdom fortification[2]
  • El-Kab fortifications[2]
  • Thebes fortifications.[4]

Sinai[]

  • coastal forts, Sinai[2]
  • Tharu castle, Sinai[2]
  • Qantara East fort, Sinai[5]
  • castle, Suez[6]
  • Boto Fort of Seti I, (Qatia area), Sinai.[7]
  • Tell-Huba Fortress, Sinai[8]
  • Pelusium Fort,[9]
  • Tharu city fortifications.[10][11]

Western Desert[]

Excavated room inside the fort of Qasr Allam, Libyan desert, Egypt

Nubia[]

Semna & Kumma forts view from west
Shalfak fort plan

Persian[]

  • Persian fort of , North coast

Greco-Roman[]

Cairo[]

  • Fort Babylon, Cairo[16]

Delta[]

Kharga Oasis[]

  • Ain Umm Dabadib fort, Kharga Oasis.[17][18]
  • El Deir fort, Kharga Oasis.[17][18]
  • Qasr el Labeka fort, Kharga Oasis.[17][18]
  • Qasr Sumaria fort, Kharga Oasis.[17][18]
  • Qasr el Geb fort, Kharga Oasis.[17][18]
  • Al-Haiz fort, Bahariya Oasis.
  • Nadura fort, Kharga Oasis[18]
  • Qasr el-Ghueita fort, Kharga Oasis[18]
  • Qasr el-Zayyan fort, Kharga Oasis[18]

Red Sea[]

  • Castellum of Badia, Gebel Abu Dukhan, near Hurghada, Red Sea[19][20][21]
  • Abu Sha'ar Fort, Red Sea.[19]

Fayoum[]

  • Temple of Stones fort, Fayoum.[19][22]
  • , fort where Anthony the Great lived, across from Faiyum.

Lower Egypt[]

  • Al-Heita fort, Eastern desert, Qena.[23]

Sinai[]

North coast[]

Arabic[]

Cairo[]

Alexandria[]

Western tower of the Greek & Islamic town wall, Alexandria, Egypt
Western tower, remains of the Hellenistic & Islamic city wall, Alexandria, Egypt
Western tower of the Greek town wall, Alexandria, Egypt

Red Sea & Eastern desert[]

Sinai[]

Western desert[]

Modern Egypt[]

Cairo[]

Alexandria & North coast[]

  • Fort Julien, Rosetta Fort.
  • Agami Fort, Alexandria (by French occupation) [40]
  • Abu Qir Castle (was used by Mohammed Ali as a prison)

Western Desert[]

Sinai[]

  • Al-Arish castle
  • Sharm El-Sheikh fortification by Egypt (1954 AD) [55][56]
  • Castle Zaman, Sinai [57]

Suez canal[]

Red Sea & Eastern Desert[]

  • Green Island (Egypt) Fortification, Red Sea (1969 AD)
  • Shadwan island fortifications, Red Sea (1960s AD)

List by areas & time[]

Western Desert[]

  • Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham, a Ramesside fort near the Libyan coast where trade goods were found. For example, cakes of Egyptian blue pigment, brought there for export, were found,[58] along with indications of exotic imports such as olive oil and wine.[59]

Alexandria[]

Rosetta[]

Port Said[]

Damietta[]

Damietta fortification & Tower 1600s
  • Ezzbet El-Borg Defensive tower.
  • Urabi Fort.
  • Old Damietta city wall & Fortifications.

Sinai castles, forts, fortifications and citadels[]

  • 13th century BC The coastel & Sinai forts.[2]
  • 13th century BC Tharu castle.[2]
  • 13th century BC Boto Fort (by Seti I), (Qatia area), Sinai.[7]
  • 13th century BC Tel Habwa Fort (by Seti I), (Qantara area), Sinai[5][7]
  • 13th century BC Tel Kadwa Fort, Sinai[60]
  • 13th century BC Tel Al Hebr Fort, Sinai[60]
  • 13th century BC Kharouba Fort, Sinai[60]
  • 13th century BC Baer Al-Abd Fort, Sinai[60]
  • Unknown time Pharonic El Tina castle, Beer Al Abd, North Sinai[5][7][34]
  • Circa 100 BC Ptolemaic Fort of Tal Abou Sayfi, South of Qantara Sharq city.[7]
  • 200 AD Roman Fort of Tal Abou Sayfi, South of Qantara Sharq city (by Emperor Maximinus Thrax).[7]
  • Unknown time Roman Lahfen castle near Al-Arish.[7]
  • Saint Catherine's Monastery fortification, Mount Sinai, Sinai Peninsula.
  • 640 AD Farma (Pelusium) citadel.[7][29][32]
  • 7th century AD Justinian's Strasini Fort, Tel Felosiyia, near Pelusium.[7]
  • 7th century AD Roman fort, on Bardawil lake, North Sinai.[7]
  • Unknown time Byzantine fort, , , Middle Sinai.[7]
  • Unknown time Al-Mohammadyia Arabic Fort, , North Sinai.[7]
  • 1115 AD Al-Soubak Fort (by ), Wadi Araba.[7]
  • 1116 Ad Aiyla fort (by ), city, .[7]
  • 1116 AD Pharaoh Island Fort (by ), .[7]
  • 1117 AD Wadi Musa fort (by ).[7]
  • 1181 AD Island Castle (by ).[7]
  • 1182 AD Salah El-Din castle Sedr, Sinai.[7]
  • 1184 AD Qalaat Al-Gindi (by Saladin), Ras Sedr, Sinai.[7][29][30][31]
  • 1184 AD Salah El-Din castle, Taba (Pharaoh Island), Sinai.[7][29]
  • 1516 AD Al-Arish citadel (by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri).[7][29][32]
  • 1516 AD Al-Baghla fort (by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri).[7]
  • 1516 AD Naqab Al-Aqaba Fort(by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri).[7]
  • 1516 AD An-Nakhl Fortress (by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri).[7][29][32][33]
  • 1799 AD Fort, West of sinai (by General of Napoleon Army).[7]
  • 1799 Siege of El Arish Castle
  • 1893 Nuweiba Castle.[7][29]
  • 1910s Turkish Fortifications at , middle Sinai.[7]
  • 1910s Turkish Fortifications at Al-Arish Castle, North Sinai.[7]
  • 1910s Turkish Fortifications at Nekhel, Sinai.[7]
  • 1910s Turkish Fortifications at , South Sinai.[7]
  • 1960s & 1970s built by Egyptian Armed forces during the on the Western bank of Suez canal & Bar Lev Line of fortifications on Eastern side of Suez Canal (by Israel occupation forces).[7]
  • 1990s Touristic Castle Zaman, Sinai [57]
  • Unknown time Ain al Qudairat Fort, , North Sinai.[7]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ UNESCO, Decision Text, World Heritage Centre, retrieved 21 July 2017
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Ancient Egypt military architecture
  3. ^ Alexander the Great
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b Tandamane works
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Qantara East history". Archived from the original on 2008-05-19. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c Niebuhr travels
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Said Aly Sinai, the Meaning and Importance (in Arabic) ISBN 977-437-760-5
  8. ^ Large old Sinai fortress
  9. ^ Ramsis II Pelusium Fort
  10. ^ Tharu fortifications
  11. ^ Tharu castle thesis
  12. ^ Siwa Oasis
  13. ^ Buhen castle
  14. ^ Ancient Egypt architecture
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Egyptian Fortresses in Nubia Archived 2009-08-30 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ Babylon fort history & photos
  17. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Roman forts in Kharga Oasis". Archived from the original on 2008-04-04. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  18. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Kharga Oasis
  19. ^ Jump up to: a b c Porphyrite
  20. ^ Castellum of Badia
  21. ^ Red Sea Roman fort wall
  22. ^ "Fayoum Roman fort". Archived from the original on 2008-07-23. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  23. ^ Qena
  24. ^ Egypt history
  25. ^ Alexandria histories
  26. ^ "Al Fustat city walls". Archived from the original on 2011-05-25. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
  27. ^ Alexandria history
  28. ^ Quseir Fort[permanent dead link]
  29. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Sinai castles Archived 2008-02-14 at the Wayback Machine
  30. ^ Jump up to: a b Photo of Qalaat Al-Gindi
  31. ^ Jump up to: a b Photos
  32. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "North Sinai forts". Archived from the original on 2008-11-18. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
  33. ^ Jump up to: a b Description of Nakhl Fortress
  34. ^ Jump up to: a b El Tina castle
  35. ^ Siwa fot photo
  36. ^ Siwa Villa & Fort photo
  37. ^ Rain damage of Siwa fort
  38. ^ "Siwa old photos". Archived from the original on 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
  39. ^ Siwa Oasis
  40. ^ "Alex history". Archived from the original on 2007-04-03. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
  41. ^ Marsa Matrouh
  42. ^ Matruh Fortified position
  43. ^ Italian invasion of Egypt
  44. ^ Africa Korps Archived 2008-08-27 at the Wayback Machine
  45. ^ Sidi Barani fortified camps
  46. ^ 1.JmA - Compass
  47. ^ North Africa battle
  48. ^ Fortified Alam el Halfa
  49. ^ Fortified Alam el Halfa
  50. ^ Sollum Fortified camp
  51. ^ Operation Crusader
  52. ^ Battle of the Omars
  53. ^ North Africa campagain
  54. ^ "le général Rommel". Archived from the original on 2006-03-23. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
  55. ^ sharm-al-shaykh
  56. ^ Fry, Michael, and Hochstein, Miles. "The Forgotten Middle East Crisis of 1957: Gaza and Sharm el Sheikh." International History Review 15 (1993): 46 - 83 "The Forgotten Middle East Crisis of 1957: Gaza and Sharm el Sheikh."
  57. ^ Jump up to: a b Castle Zaman
  58. ^ Rehren, Th., Pusch, E.B. & Herold, A. (2001). "Problems and possibilities in workshop reconstruction: Qantir and the organization of LBA glass working sites". In A.J. Shortland (ed.). The social context of technological change, Egypt and the Near East 1650–1550 BC. Proceedings of a conference held at St Edmund Hall, Oxford 12–14 September 2000. Oxford: Oxbow Books. ISBN 978-1-84217-050-2.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  59. ^ "The Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham Project - Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology - University of Liverpool". www.liverpool.ac.uk.
  60. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "مصر تكتشف بقايا قلعة عسكرية فرعونية في سيناء". 5 June 2008.

External links[]

Retrieved from ""