List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Columbia University
The Nobel Prizes, established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, are awarded to individuals who make outstanding contributions in the fields of Chemistry, Literature, Peace, Physics, and Physiology or Medicine.[1] An associated prize, the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (commonly known as the Nobel Prize in Economics), was instituted by Sweden's central bank, Sveriges Riksbank, in 1968 and was first awarded in 1969.[2]
As of the 2021 awards, 100 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Columbia University in New York City, and 84 of them are officially listed as "Columbia's Nobel Laureates" by the university.[3] Among the 100 laureates, 71 are Nobel laureates in natural sciences;[a] 44 are Columbia alumni (graduates and attendees) and 33 have been long-term academic members of the Columbia faculty or Columbia-affiliated research organizations; and subject-wise, 33 laureates have won the Nobel Prize in Physics, more than any other subject. This list considers Nobel laureates as equal individuals and does not consider their various prize shares or if they received the prize more than once.
Inclusion criteria[]
General rules[]
The affiliations of Columbia University in this list include all the official academic affiliations such as official academic employment and degree programs of the university. The official academic affiliations include alumni (graduates and attendees), long-term faculty members, and short-term academic staff.
Graduates are defined as those who hold bachelor's, master's, doctorate, or equivalent degrees from Columbia University, while attendees are those who formally enrolled in a degree program at Columbia, but did not complete the degree program or obtain a formal degree. Honorary degrees, posthumous degrees, summer attendees, exchange students, and auditing students are excluded. Those who hold certificates or studied as non-degree students at Columbia are also excluded.
The long-term faculty members consist of tenure or tenure-track and equivalent academic positions, while short-term academic staff consist of lecturers (without tenure), postdoctoral researchers (postdocs), visiting professors or scholars (visitors), and equivalent academic positions.
Further explanations on "visitors" under "Short-term Academic Staff" are presented as follows. 1) All informal or personal visits are excluded from the list; 2) all employment-based visiting positions, which carry teaching or research duties, are included as affiliations in the list; 3) as for award or honor-based visiting positions, to minimize controversy this list takes a conservative view and includes the positions as affiliations only if the laureates were required to assume employment-level duty (teaching or research) or the laureates specifically classified the visiting positions as "affiliation" or similar in reliable sources such as their curriculum vita. To be specific, visiting positions such as the "Ingeborg Rennert Professorship", "Global Fellowship" of SIPA and "Earnest Kempton Adams (EKA) Lectureship" at Columbia are awards or honors or recognition without employment-level duty, and thus are excluded from this list.[4][5][6][7] In particular, the EKA Fund was established in 1904, enabling Columbia to invite scientists to deliver a series of public lectures.[7][8] Attending meetings and giving public lectures, talks or non-curricular seminars at Columbia is not a form of employment-level duty.
Affiliates during the Manhattan Project, the scientific research project which developed the first nuclear weapons, who specifically worked for the military are excluded from this list. Finally, summer visitors are generally excluded from the list unless summer work yielded significant end products such as research publications and components of Nobel-winning work, since summer terms are not part of formal academic years.
Name | Nobel Prize | Year | Role in Columbia University |
---|---|---|---|
Wilhelm Wien | Physics | 1911 | EKA Lecturer (1913); delivered six public lectures in April 1913[8][9] |
Max Planck | Physics | 1918 | EKA Lecturer (1909); delivered eight public lectures in the spring of 1909[8][9][10] |
Walter Brattain | Physics | 1956 | Physicist (1941–1943) at the Division of War Research under National Defense Research Committee, working on magnetic detection of submarines[11][12][13] |
William Shockley | Physics | 1956 | Research Director (1942–1944) of the Antisubmarine Warfare Operations Research Group (set up by the US Navy Department at Columbia) for military projects[14][15] |
John van Vleck | Physics | 1977 | Visiting lecturer for summer school (1934)[16][17] |
Elie Wiesel | Peace | 1986 | Ingeborg Rennert Professor of Judaic Studies at Barnard College (1997); delivered four public lectures[4] |
Kofi Annan | Peace | 2001 | Global Fellow (Spring 2009), School of International and Public Affairs, for public lectures and seminars[5][6] |
Affiliated organizations[]
This list does not include Nobel-winning organizations or any individuals affiliated with those organizations. It also does not include affiliates of institutions that later merged and became part of Columbia University.
- Official academic affiliates of Barnard College after 1900 (inclusive) and official academic affiliates of Bard College by 1944 are included in the list.[18][19]
- Official academic affiliates of the Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital are included in the list.[20][21]
Summary[]
All types of affiliations, namely alumni, long-term and short-term academic staff, count equally in the following table and throughout the whole page.
In the following list, the number following a person's name is the year they received the prize; in particular, a number with asterisk (*) means the person received the award while they were working at Columbia University (including emeritus staff). A name marked with a dagger (†) implies that this person has already been listed in a previous category (i.e., multiple affiliations).
Category | Alumni | Long-term academic staff | Short-term academic staff |
---|---|---|---|
Total: 100 | 44 | 33 | 42 |
Physics (33) |
|
|
|
Chemistry (15) |
|
|
|
Physiology or Medicine (23) |
|
|
|
Economics (17) |
|
|
|
Literature (6) |
|
|
|
Peace (6) |
|
|
|
Nobel laureates by category[]
Nobel laureates in Physics[]
No. | Image | Name | Year | Affiliation with Columbia University |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Hendrik Lorentz | 1902 | Long-term EKA Lecturer (1905–06); his later book Theory of Electrons was based on a course of lectures delivered in March and April 1906.[22][23][24] | |
2 | Robert Millikan | 1923 | PhD[25] | |
3 | Enrico Fermi | 1938 | Professor[26] | |
4 | Isidor Rabi | 1944 | PhD; Professor[27] | |
5 | Hideki Yukawa | 1949 | Professor[28] | |
6 | Polykarp Kusch | 1955 | Professor[29] | |
7 | Willis Lamb | 1955 | Professor[30] | |
8 | Tsung-Dao Lee | 1957 | Professor[31] | |
9 | Emilio Segrè | 1959 | Visitor (1935, 1936)[32][33] | |
10 | Maria Mayer | 1963 | Researcher (1942–1945); Manhattan Project (1939–1945)[34] | |
11 | Charles Townes | 1964 | Professor[35] | |
12 | Julian Schwinger | 1965 | BA, PhD[36] | |
13 | Hans Bethe | 1967 | Visiting Professor (Spring 1941, 1948)[37][38] | |
14 | Murray Gell-Mann | 1969 | Visiting Associate Professor (Fall 1954)[39] | |
15 | Leon Cooper | 1972 | BA, MA, PhD[40] | |
16 | Aage Bohr | 1975 | Visiting Fellow (1949–1950)[41] | |
17 | James Rainwater | 1975 | MA, PhD; Professor[42] | |
18 | Samuel Ting | 1976 | Assistant Professor (1965–1967) and Instructor (1964–1965)[43] | |
19 | Arno Penzias | 1978 | MA, PhD[44] | |
20 | Steven Weinberg | 1979 | Instructor (1957–1959)[45] | |
21 | Val Fitch | 1980 | PhD[46] | |
22 | Arthur Schawlow | 1981 | Visiting Associate Professor (1960); Fellow and Research Associate (1949–1951)[47] | |
23 | Carlo Rubbia | 1984 | Research Fellow (1958–1959)[48] | |
24 | Leon Lederman | 1988 | MA, PhD; Professor[49] | |
25 | Melvin Schwartz | 1988 | BA, PhD; Professor; Research Associate[50] | |
26 | Jack Steinberger | 1988 | Professor[51] | |
27 | Norman Ramsey | 1989 | BA, PhD; Associate Professor[52] | |
28 | Martin Perl | 1995 | PhD[53] | |
29 | Horst Störmer | 1998 | Professor[54] | |
30 | Daniel C. Tsui | 1998 | Adjunct Scientist[55] | |
31 | John C. Mather | 2006 | Lecturer (1975–1976)[56] | |
32 | Arthur Ashkin | 2018 | BA[57] | |
33 | Giorgio Parisi | 2021 | Researcher (1973–1974)[58] |
Nobel laureates in Chemistry[]
No. | Image | Name | Year | Affiliation with Columbia University |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Irving Langmuir | 1932 | BS[59] | |
2 | Harold Urey | 1934 | Professor[60] | |
3 | John H. Northrop | 1946 | BS, MA, PhD[61] | |
4 | Willard Libby | 1960 | Head, Chemistry Division of the Columbia University branch of the Manhattan Project (1942–1945)[62][63][64] | |
5 | Luis Leloir | 1970 | Researcher, College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia (1944–1945)[65][66] | |
6 | William H. Stein | 1972 | PhD[67] | |
7 | Roald Hoffmann | 1981 | BA[68] | |
8 | Herbert Hauptman | 1985 | MA[69] | |
9 | Sidney Altman | 1989 | Graduate student in physics[70] | |
10 | William S. Knowles | 2001 | PhD[71] | |
11 | Robert Grubbs | 2005 | PhD[72] | |
12 | Martin Chalfie | 2008 | Professor[73] | |
13 | Robert Lefkowitz | 2012 | BA, MD[74] | |
14 | Martin Karplus | 2013 | Professor[75] | |
15 | Joachim Frank | 2017 | Professor[76] |
Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine[]
No. | Image | Name | Year | Affiliation with Columbia University |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Thomas H. Morgan | 1933 | Professor[77] | |
2 | Hermann J. Muller | 1946 | BA, MA, PhD; Instructor in Zoology (1918–1920)[78][79] | |
3 | Edward C. Kendall | 1950 | BS, MS, PhD[80] | |
4 | André Cournand | 1956 | Professor[81] | |
5 | Dickinson Richards | 1956 | MD; Professor[82] | |
6 | Joshua Lederberg | 1958 | BA; Research Assistant[83] | |
7 | Konrad Bloch | 1965 | PhD; Researcher[84] | |
8 | George Wald | 1967 | PhD[85] | |
9 | Salvador Luria | 1969 | Research Assistant in Surgical Bacteriology (1940–1942)[86] | |
10 | Konrad Lorenz | 1973 | Undergraduate attendee (1922, one semester of premedical studies)[87] | |
11 | Baruch Blumberg | 1976 | MD; Medical Resident[88] | |
12 | Carleton Gajdusek | 1976 | Medical Resident at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center[89][90][91] | |
13 | Daniel Nathans | 1978 | Intern (1954–1955) and Resident (1957–1959) in Medicine, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center[92] | |
14 | Baruj Benacerraf | 1980 | BS; Researcher[93] | |
15 | Sune Bergström | 1982 | Research Fellow (1940–1941)[94] | |
16 | Harold Varmus | 1989 | MD[95] | |
17 | Donnall Thomas | 1990 | Physician-in-chief, Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital (1955–1963)[96][97] | |
18 | Louis Ignarro | 1998 | BA[98] | |
19 | Eric Kandel | 2000 | Professor[99] | |
20 | Linda Buck | 2004 | Postdoctoral Researcher (1980–1984)[100] | |
21 | Richard Axel | 2004 | BA; Professor[101] | |
22 | James Rothman | 2013 | Professor[102] | |
23 | David Julius | 2021 | Postdoctoral Researcher (1984–1990)[103][104] |
Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics[]
No. | Image | Name | Year | Affiliation with Columbia University |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Simon Kuznets | 1971 | BS, MA, PhD[105] | |
2 | Kenneth Arrow | 1972 | MA, PhD[106] | |
3 | Milton Friedman | 1976 | PhD; Visiting Professor[107] | |
4 | George Stigler | 1982 | Professor[108] | |
5 | Franco Modigliani | 1985 | Instructor at Bard College (1942–1944)[109] | |
6 | Robert Solow | 1987 | Research Fellow (1949–1950)[110] | |
7 | Gary Becker | 1992 | Professor[111] | |
8 | Robert Fogel | 1993 | MA[112] | |
9 | William Vickrey | 1996 | MA, PhD; Professor[113] | |
10 | Robert C. Merton | 1997 | BS[114] | |
11 | Robert Mundell | 1999 | Professor[115] | |
12 | James Heckman | 2000 | Associate Professor[116] | |
13 | Joseph Stiglitz | 2001 | Professor; Stern Visiting Professor[117] | |
14 | Edmund Phelps | 2006 | Professor[118] | |
15 | Alvin Roth | 2012 | BS[119] | |
16 | David Card | 2021 | Visiting Professor (1990–1991)[120] | |
17 | Joshua Angrist | 2021 | Visiting Professor (2018)[121] |
Nobel laureates in Literature[]
No. | Image | Name | Year | Affiliation with Columbia University |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Gabriela Mistral | 1945 | Visiting Professor at Barnard College (1930–1931)[122][123][124] | |
2 | Joseph Brodsky | 1987 | Adjunct Professor (1978–1985)[125][126] | |
3 | Nadine Gordimer | 1991 | Adjunct Professor (1971–1972, 1976–1978, 1983)[127][128] | |
4 | Derek Walcott | 1992 | Visiting Professor (1979, 1981–1983, 1984)[129] | |
5 | Orhan Pamuk | 2006 | Professor; Visiting Scholar[130] | |
6 | Louise Glück | 2020 | Undergraduate attendee[131] |
Nobel Peace Prize laureates[]
No. | Image | Name | Year | Affiliation with Columbia University |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Theodore Roosevelt | 1906 | Law student[132] | |
2 | Nicholas Butler | 1931 | BA, MA, PhD; Professor; President[133] | |
3 | Al Gore | 2007 | Visiting Professor (spring 2001; taught a class)[134][135] | |
4 | Barack Obama | 2009 | BA[136] | |
5 | Liu Xiaobo | 2010 | Visiting Scholar (1988–1989)[137][138] | |
6 | Leymah Gbowee | 2011 | Distinguished Fellow in Social Justice at Barnard College (2013–2014)[139][140] |
Notes[]
- ^ The total number of laureates in natural sciences: Physics, Chemistry, and Physiology or Medicine.
References[]
- ^ "Alfred Nobel – The Man Behind the Nobel Prize". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ^ "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on August 13, 2018. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ^ "Columbia's Nobel Laureates | Columbia University in the City of New York". www.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on April 13, 2018. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ a b "Wiesel to Speak at Barnard; Lectures Help Launch a $2.5M Judaic Studies Chair. Columbia University Record, November 21, 1997". www.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on April 29, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ a b "Global Fellows Program at SIPA". admissionsblog.sip.columbia.edu. May 15, 2009. Archived from the original on December 23, 2019. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ a b "Kofi Annan Joins First Group of Global Fellows". www.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
- ^ a b "A Short History of Columbia Physics | Department of Physics". www.columbia.edu. November 4, 2016. Archived from the original on November 4, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ a b c "EKA Lectures". www.columbia.edu. June 22, 2019. Archived from the original on June 22, 2019. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ a b "Nobel Prize Research". www.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on April 30, 2021. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
- ^ Planck, Max (1915). Eight Lectures on Theoretical Physics: Delivered at Columbia University in 1909. Columbia University Press. Archived from the original on July 10, 2021. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
- ^ "Brattain, Walter H. (Walter Houser), 1902–1987". history.aip.org. Archived from the original on January 5, 2018. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
- ^ "Archives West: Walter Brattain family papers, 1860–1990". archiveswest.orbiscascade.org. Archived from the original on December 4, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ Pearson, Richard (October 14, 1987). "Walter Brattain, an Inventor of the Transistor, Dies at 85". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on July 10, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ "William Bradford Shockley (1910–1989)" (PDF). National Academy of Sciences. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 13, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ Shampo, Marc A.; Kyle, Robert A.; Steensma, David P. (2012). "William Shockley and the Transistor". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 87 (6): e43. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.01.019. PMC 3498287. PMID 22677083.
- ^ "Van Vleck, J. H. (John Hasbrouck), 1899–1980". history.aip.org. Archived from the original on October 14, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
- ^ "John H. Van Vleck – Session I". www.aip.org. April 29, 2015. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
- ^ "Barnard's Story | Barnard College". www.barnard.edu. Archived from the original on October 12, 2017. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ^ College, Bard (September 17, 2013). "History of Bard College". www.bard.edu. Archived from the original on June 14, 2011. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
- ^ "Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital". www.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on December 23, 2019. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ "Residency Programs | Bassett Healthcare Network". www.bassett.org. Archived from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ "EKA Lectures". www.columbia.edu. June 22, 2019. Archived from the original on June 22, 2019. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ "Nobel Prize Research". www.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on October 25, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ Lorentz, H. A. (Hendrik Antoon) (1916). The theory of electrons and its applications to the phenomena of light and radiant heat. University of California Libraries. Leipzig : B.G. Teubner; New York : G.E. Stechert.
- ^ "Millikan, Robert Andrews, 1868–1953". history.aip.org. Archived from the original on January 8, 2018. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
- ^ "Fermi, Enrico, 1901–1954". history.aip.org. Archived from the original on January 7, 2018. Retrieved January 6, 2018.
- ^ "Rabi, I. I. (Isidor Isaac), 1898–1988". history.aip.org. Archived from the original on January 6, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
- ^ "Hideki Yukawa – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on March 16, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
- ^ "Kusch, Polykarp, 1911–1993". history.aip.org. Archived from the original on January 5, 2018. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
- ^ "Lamb, Willis E. (Willis Eugene), 1913–2008". history.aip.org. Archived from the original on January 5, 2018. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
- ^ "Tsung-Dao Lee's Home Page". tdlee.ccast.ac.cn. Archived from the original on August 26, 2017. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
- ^ "Emilio Segrè". Berkeley Lab. June 20, 2013. Archived from the original on July 31, 2017. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
- ^ "Emilio Segrè". www.aip.org. April 22, 2015. Archived from the original on February 20, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2021.
- ^ "Mayer, Maria Goeppert, 1906–1972". history.aip.org. Archived from the original on January 5, 2018. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
- ^ "Townes, Charles H." history.aip.org. Archived from the original on January 4, 2018. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
- ^ "Schwinger, Julian, 1918–1994". history.aip.org. Archived from the original on January 4, 2018. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
- ^ "Bethe, Hans A. (Hans Albrecht), 1906–2005". history.aip.org. Archived from the original on October 23, 2017. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
- ^ "Hans Bethe – Session II". www.aip.org. December 17, 2014. Archived from the original on March 1, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2021.
- ^ "Caltech Mourns the Passing of Murray Gell-Mann (1929–2019)". www.caltech.edu. Archived from the original on April 19, 2021. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
- ^ "Leon N. Cooper – Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ^ "Bohr, Aage". history.aip.org. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ^ "Rainwater, James, 1917–1986". history.aip.org. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ^ "Ting, S. C. C. (Samuel Chao-chung), 1936–". history.aip.org. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ^ "Penzias, Arno A." history.aip.org. Archived from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- ^ "Weinberg, Steven, 1933–". history.aip.org. Archived from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- ^ "Fitch, Val L., 1923–2015". history.aip.org. Archived from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ^ "Schawlow, Arthur L., 1921–1999". history.aip.org. Archived from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ^ Hoffmann, Ilire Hasani, Robert. "Academy of Europe: Rubbia Carlo". www.ae-info.org. Archived from the original on December 28, 2017. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ^ "Lederman, Leon M." history.aip.org. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ^ "Schwartz, Melvin, 1932–2006". history.aip.org. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ^ "Steinberger, J." history.aip.org. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ^ "Ramsey, Norman, 1915–2011". history.aip.org. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ^ "Perl, Martin L., 1927–2014". history.aip.org. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ^ "Störmer, Horst". history.aip.org. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ^ Sullivan, Lawrence R.; Liu, Nancy Y. (March 19, 2015). Historical Dictionary of Science and Technology in Modern China. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780810878556. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ "John C. Mather". history.aip.org. Archived from the original on August 19, 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
- ^ "Ashkin, Arthur, 1922–". history.aip.org. Archived from the original on October 3, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
- ^ "Giorgio Parisi is Nobel Prize in Physics". Sapienza University of Rome. October 5, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ^ "Irving Langmuir – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on July 30, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
- ^ "Urey, Harold Clayton, 1893–1981". history.aip.org. Archived from the original on February 1, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
- ^ "John H. Northrop – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on December 11, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
- ^ "Willard F. Libby – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
- ^ "Willard Frank Libby, Chemistry: Berkeley and Los Angeles". University of California. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ "Willard Libby". National Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on August 8, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ "Luis Leloir – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
- ^ "Biography: Luis F. Leloir". beckerexhibits.wustl.edu. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ "William H. Stein – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
- ^ "Roald Hoffmann". chemistry.cornell.edu. Archived from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
- ^ "Herbert A. Hauptman – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on January 22, 2018. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
- ^ "Sidney Altman – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on January 22, 2018. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
- ^ "William S. Knowles – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on January 19, 2018. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
- ^ "Robert H. Grubbs". cce.caltech.edu. Archived from the original on April 18, 2021. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
- ^ "Martin Chalfie". www.biology.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on April 29, 2021. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
- ^ "Lefkowitz Bio". HHMI. Archived from the original on January 28, 2018. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
- ^ "Martin Karplus – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on August 23, 2017. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
- ^ "Joachim Frank". www.biology.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on March 13, 2021. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
- ^ "Thomas H. Morgan – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on February 27, 2018. Retrieved February 27, 2018.
- ^ "Hermann J. Muller – Guggenheim Fellows". www.gf.org. Archived from the original on March 3, 2018. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
- ^ "Hermann J. Muller – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on February 17, 2018. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
- ^ "Edward C. Kendall – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on February 13, 2018. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
- ^ "André F. Cournand – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on September 12, 2017. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
- ^ "Dickinson W. Richards – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on February 24, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
- ^ "Joshua Lederberg – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
- ^ "Konrad Bloch – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
- ^ "George Wald – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on November 9, 2017. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
- ^ "Salvador E. Luria – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
- ^ "Konrad Lorenz". www.britannica.com. Archived from the original on May 3, 2015. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
- ^ "Baruch S. Blumberg – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on February 17, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
- ^ "D. Carleton Gajdusek – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on February 17, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
- ^ "Gajdusek (D. Carleton) Papers". oac.cdlib.org. Archived from the original on July 20, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ "D. Carleton Gajdusek". c250.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on December 29, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ "Daniel Nathans – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on February 25, 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ^ "Baruj Benacerraf – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on July 21, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
- ^ "Sune K. Bergström – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
- ^ "Harold E. Varmus, M.D.)". www.nih.gov. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
- ^ "E. Donnall Thomas – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
- ^ "E Donnall Thomas (1920–2012)". Bone Marrow Transplantation. 48 (1): 1. 2013. doi:10.1038/bmt.2012.254. ISSN 1476-5365. S2CID 21347154. Archived from the original on June 16, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ "Louis J. Ignarro – Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on August 16, 2017. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
- ^ "Eric R. Kandel – Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on September 29, 2017. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
- ^ "Linda B. Buck – Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on February 11, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
- ^ "Richard Axel, M.D." www.axellab.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on August 20, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
- ^ "James E Rothman, PhD > Rothman Lab | Cell Biology | Yale School of Medicine". medicine.yale.edu. Archived from the original on October 1, 2016. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ^ "Biography of David Julius | UC San Francisco". www.ucsf.edu. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ^ "Simon Kuznets – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on September 3, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
- ^ "Kenneth J. Arrow – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on February 26, 2018. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
- ^ "CV (Milton Friedman)" (PDF). www.nobelprize.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 5, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
- ^ "George J. Stigler – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on December 12, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
- ^ "Franco Modigliani – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on November 13, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
- ^ "Robert M. Solow – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on December 12, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
- ^ "Gary Becker – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
- ^ "Robert W. Fogel – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on June 11, 2021. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
- ^ "William Vickrey – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on December 12, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
- ^ "Curriculum Vitae – Robert C. Merton". Robert C. Merton. Archived from the original on December 12, 2017. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
- ^ "C.V. of Robert Mundell". www.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on April 29, 2018. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
- ^ "Prof. Dr. James Joseph Heckman". www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org. Archived from the original on January 18, 2021. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
- ^ "Joseph E. Stiglitz". www.sipa.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
- ^ "Edmund S. Phelps". www.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on November 6, 2006. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
- ^ "SEAS Alumnus Alvin E. Roth Wins 2012 Nobel Prize in Economics". news.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on December 22, 2019. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
- ^ Card, David (January 2018). "Curriculum Vita – David Card" (PDF). berkeley.edu. Retrieved October 12, 2021.
- ^ Angrist, Joshua (January 2021). "CV, Joshua D. Angrist". economics.mit.edu. Retrieved October 12, 2021.
- ^ "Archives donates Gabriela Mistral collection to Chile". Barnard Archives And Special Collections. March 8, 2010. Archived from the original on December 4, 2019. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
- ^ "Gabriela Mistral – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on July 24, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
- ^ "gabrielamistralfoundation.org – About Gabriela Mistral". www.gabrielamistralfoundation.org. Archived from the original on February 21, 2020. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
- ^ "Columbia University Press Releases – Nobel Winners". www.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on November 26, 2018. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
- ^ "Joseph Brodsky – MacArthur Foundation". www.macfound.org. Archived from the original on September 14, 2015. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
- ^ "Columbia University Press Releases – Nobel Winners". www.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on November 26, 2018. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
- ^ "Nadine Gordimer Biography". biography.jrank.org. Archived from the original on November 4, 2016. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
- ^ "Columbia University Press Releases – Nobel Winners". www.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on November 26, 2018. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
- ^ "Orhan Pamuk – CU Global ThoughtCU Global Thought". cgt.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2018.
- ^ "Louise Glück 2020 Winner of Nobel Prize in Literature". arts.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on April 15, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2020.
- ^ "Theodore Roosevelt". c250.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on October 15, 2020. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
- ^ "Nicholas Murray Butler – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2018.
- ^ Barringer, Felicity (May 3, 2001). "Split Decision for Gore, Among His Columbia Students (Published 2001)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
- ^ "Gore accepts visiting professor post at Columbia". www.cnn.com. Archived from the original on January 18, 2020. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
- ^ "Barack Obama: Life Before the Presidency | Miller Center". Miller Center. October 4, 2016. Archived from the original on March 8, 2018. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
- ^ "Liu Xiaobo – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on March 8, 2018. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
- ^ Quartz. "Nobel Prize winner Liu Xiaobo: A timeline of a life dedicated to the protesters of Tiananmen Square". Quartz. Archived from the original on October 16, 2020. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
- ^ "Barnard Welcomes Nobel Laureate Leymah Gbowee as Distinguished Fellow in Social Justice". barnard.edu. October 4, 2013. Archived from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2021.
- ^ "30th anniversary of Nelson Mandela's return: A lecture by Nobel Peace laureate Lemayah Gbowee – Nelson Mandela Foundation". www.nelsonmandela.org. Archived from the original on October 16, 2020. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
- Columbia University people
- Lists of Nobel laureates by institutional affiliation
- Columbia University-related lists