List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry

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Lise Meitner, the second woman to be nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Swedish: Nobelpriset i kemi) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists who have made outstanding contributions in chemistry.[1] It is one of the five Nobel Prizes which were established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895.[2]

Every year, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences sends out forms, which amount to a personal and exclusive invitation, to about three thousand selected individuals to invite them to submit nominations. The names of the nominees are never publicly announced, and neither are they told that they have been considered for the Prize. Nomination records are strictly sealed for fifty years. Currently, the nominations for the years 1901 to 1966 are publicly available. Despite the annual sending of invitations, the prize was not awarded in eight years (1916, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1933, 1940–42) and have been delayed for a year nine times (1914, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1925, 1927, 1938, 1943, 1944).

From 1901 to 1966, there have been 526 scientists nominated for the prize, 72 of which were awarded either jointly or individually. 17 more scientists from these nominees were awarded after 1966 and Frederick Sanger was awarded second time on 1980. Of the 15 women nominees, only three were awarded. The first woman to be nominated was Marie Skłodowska Curie. She was nominated on 1911 by Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius and French mathematician Gaston Darboux and eventually won the prize on the same year. She is the only woman to win twice the Nobel Prize: Physics (1903) and Chemistry (1911).[3] Besides 25 and 11 scientists from these nominees won the prizes in Physiology or Medicine and in Physics correspondingly (including years after 1966). Only one company has been nominated, the Geigy SA for the year 1947.

Despite the long list of nominated noteworthy chemists, physicists and engineers, there have been still some other great scientists who were overlooked for the prize in chemistry such as Per Teodor Cleve, Jannik Petersen Bjerrum, Ellen Swallow Richards, Alice Ball, Vladimir Palladin, Sergey Reformatsky, Prafulla Chandra Ray, Alexey Favorsky, Rosalind Franklin and Joseph Edward Mayer.

List of nominees[]

1st nomination in 1901-1909[]

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
Vant Hoff.jpg Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff August 30, 1852
Rotterdam, Netherlands
March 1, 1911
Berlin, Germany
1901 Won the 1901 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[4]
Hermann Emil Fischer c1895.jpg Emil Fischer October 9, 1852
Euskirchen, Germany
July 15, 1919
Berlin, Germany
1901, 1902,
1916, 1919
Won the 1902 Nobel Prize in Chemistry,[5]
later nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too."Work on the synthesis of amino acids."[6]
Arrhenius2.jpg Svante Arrhenius February 19, 1859
Uppsala, Sweden
October 2, 1927
Stockholm, Sweden
1901, 1902, 1903 Won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[7]
Henri Moissan.jpg Henri Moissan September 28, 1852
Paris, France
February 20, 1907
Paris, France
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906 Won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[8]
Zdenko Hans Skraup (1850-1910).jpg Zdenko Hans Skraup March 3, 1850
Prague, Czech Republic
September 10, 1910
Vienna, Austria
1901 Nominated the only time by Eduard Lippmann (1838-1919) from Wien Technische Hochschule.[9]
Marcellin Berthelot 2.jpg Marcellin Berthelot October 25, 1827
Paris, France
March 18, 1907
Paris, France
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1906, 1907 [10]
Blank.png William Jackson Pope March 31, 1870
London, England
October 17, 1939
Cambridge, England
1901, 1907, 1927 [11]
William Ramsay.jpg William Ramsay October 2, 1852
Glasgow, Scotland
July 23, 1916
High Wycombe, England
1902, 1903, 1904 Won the 1904 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[12]
Adolf von Baeyer (1905).jpg Adolf von Baeyer October 31, 1835
Berlin, Germany
August 20, 1917
Starnberg, Germany
1902, 1903, 1904, 1905 Won the 1905 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[13]
Theodore william richards.jpg Theodore William Richards January 31, 1868
Germantown, Philadelphia, United States
April 2, 1928
Cambridge,_Massachusetts, United States
1902, 1905, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915 Won the 1914 Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1915.[14]
Rudolf Knietsch.jpg Rudolf Knietsch December 13, 1854
Opole, Poland
May 28, 1906
Ludwigshafen, Germany
1902 Nominated the only time by P.Klason.[15]
Wislicenus Johannes Portr 13923.jpg Johannes Wislicenus June 24, 1835
Querfurt, Germany
December 5, 1902
Leipzig, Germany
1902 Nominated the only time by Zd.H.Skraup.[16]
Gibbs Oliver Wolcott.jpg Oliver Wolcott Gibbs February 21, 1822
New York City, United States
December 9, 1908
Portsmouth, Rhode Island, United States
1902 Nominated the only time by Ch.Edw.Munroe.[17]
Edward Williams Morley2.jpg Edward Williams Morley January 29, 1838
Newark, New Jersey, United States
February 24, 1923
West Hartford, Connecticut, United States
1902, 1908, 1910 [18]
Armand Gautier (1837-1920).jpg Armand Gautier September 23, 1837
Narbonne, France
July 27, 1920
Cannes, France
1902, 1916 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Work on organic arsenic compounds and their therapeutic effect on tuberculosis, malaria and syphilis."[19][20]
Blank.png Harmon Northrop Morse October 15, 1848
Cambridge, Vermont, United States
September 8, 1920
Chebeague Island, Maine, United States
1903, 1910 Nominated by Harry Clary Jones (1865-1916) from Johns Hopkins University only.[21]
Ostwald.jpg Wilhelm Ostwald September 2, 1853
Riga, Latvia
April 4, 1932
Grimma, Germany
1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909 Won the 1909 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[22]
Eduard Buchner (Nobel 1907).jpg Eduard Buchner May 20, 1860
Munich, Germany
August 13, 1917
Focșani, Romania
1905, 1907 Won the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[23]
Менд.jpg Dmitri Mendeleev February 8, 1834
Tobolsk, Russia
February 2, 1907
Saint Petersburg, Russia
1905, 1906, 1907 [24]
Ciamician-Giacomo 01a.jpg Giacomo Ciamician August 27, 1857
Trieste, Italy
January 2, 1922
Bologna, Italy
1905, 1907, 1908, 1911, 1912, 1914, 1916, 1919, 1921 [25]
Lechatelier.jpg Henry Louis Le Chatelier October 8, 1850
Paris, France
September 17, 1936
Miribel-les-Échelles, France
1905, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1914, 1915, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1934 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[26]
Walther Nernst 1900s.jpg Walther Nernst June 25, 1864
Gmina Wąbrzeźno, Poland
November 18, 1941
Niwica, Poland
1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1920, 1921 Won the 1920 Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921.[27]
Victor Grignard.jpg Victor Grignard May 6, 1871
Cherbourg-en-Cotentin, France
December 13, 1935
Lyon, France
1906, 1909, 1910, 1912,

1928
Won the 1912 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[28]
Paul Sabatier.jpg Paul Sabatier November 5, 1854
Carcassonne, France
August 14, 1914
Toulouse, France
1907, 1909, 1911, 1912,

1928, 1929
Won the 1912 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[29]
Ernest Rutherford (Nobel).jpg Ernest Rutherford August 30, 1871
Brightwater, New Zealand
October 19, 1937
Cambridge, England
1907, 1908 Won the 1908 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[30]
Otto Wallach 1880s.jpg Otto Wallach March 27, 1847
Kaliningrad, Russia
February 26, 1931
Göttingen, Germany
1907, 1908, 1910 Won the 1910 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[31]
Alfred Werner.jpg Alfred Werner December 12, 1866
Mulhouse, France
November 15, 1919
Zürich, Switzerland
1907, 1908, 1911, 1912, 1913 Won the 1913 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[32]
Blank.png Fredrik Adolf Kjellin April 24, 1872
Södertälje, Sweden
December 30, 1910
Stockholm, Sweden
1907 Nominated the only time by Otto Pettersson.[33]
Cannizzaro Stanislao.jpg Stanislao Cannizzaro July 13, 1826
Palermo, Italy
May 10, 1910
Rome, Italy
1907 [34]
Sophus mads jorgensen.jpg Sophus Mads Jørgensen July 4, 1837
Slagelse, Denmark
April 1, 1914
Copenhagen, Denmark
1907 [35]
Sir William Crookes 1906.jpg William Crookes June 17, 1832
London, England
April 4, 1919
London, England
1907, 1908, 1909, 1910 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[36]
Heinrich Caro ca1900.jpg Heinrich Caro February 13, 1834
Poznań, Poland
September 11, 1910
Dresden, Germany
1907, 1910 Nominated jointly with Ad.Frank only.[37]
Adolph Frank.jpg Adolph Frank January 20, 1834
Klötze, Germany
May 30, 1916
Berlin, Germany
1907, 1910, 1916 [38]
Sam Eyde photographed 1910.jpg Samuel Eyde October 29, 1866
Arendal, Norway
June 21, 1940
Åsgårdstrand, Norway
1907, 1909, 1913 Nominated jointly with Kr.Birkeland only.[39]
Kristian Birkeland.jpg Kristian Birkeland December 13, 1867
Oslo, Norway
June 15, 1917
Kanagawa, Japan
1907, 1909, 1912, 1913 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[40]
Theodor Curtius.gif Theodor Curtius May 27, 1857
Duisburg, Germany
February 8, 1928
Heidelberg, Germany
1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1913, 1914, 1916, 1917, 1919, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924 [41]
Haller.jpg Albin Haller March 7, 1849
Fellering, France
April 29, 1925
Paris, France
1907, 1912, 1916, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925 [42]
Richard Willstätter.jpg Richard Willstätter August 13, 1872
Karlsruhe, Germany
August 3, 1942
Muralto, Switzerland
1908, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915 Won the 1915 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[43]
Frederick Soddy.jpg Frederick Soddy September 2, 1877
Eastbourne, England
September 22, 1956
Brighton, England
1908, 1918, 1919, 1922 Won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1922.[44]
Albrecht Kossel nobel.jpg Albrecht Kossel September 16, 1853
Rostock, Germany
July 5, 1927
Heidelberg, Germany
1908 Won the 1910 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.[45]
Gustaf de Laval 1959.JPG Gustaf de Laval May 9, 1845
Orsa, Sweden
February 2, 1913
Stockholm, Sweden
1908 Nominated the only time by Otto Pettersson and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[46]
ETH-BIB-Lunge, Georg (1839-1923)-Portrait-Portr 00184.jpg Georg Lunge September 15, 1839
Wrocław, Poland
January 3, 1923
Zürich, Switzerland
1908 [47]
Arthur Hantzsch 1880s.jpg Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch March 7, 1857
Dresden, Germany
March 14, 1935
Dresden, Germany
1908, 1927 [48]
Edmund Oscar von Lippmann.png Edmund Oscar von Lippmann January 9, 1857
Vienna, Austria
September 24, 1940
Halle (Saale), Germany
1909 Nominated the only time by Alexander Herzfeld (1854-1928) from Institut für Zuckerindustrie.[49]
Hans Heinrich Landolt 02.jpg Hans Heinrich Landolt December 5, 1831
Zürich, Switzerland
March 15, 1910
Berlin, Germany
1909, 1910 [50]
Blank.png Otto Schönherr December 1, 1861
Chemnitz, Germany
December 25, 1926
Dresden, Germany
1909, 1912 [51]
Carl Oswald Viktor Engler.jpg Karl Engler January 5, 1842
Weisweil, Germany
February 7, 1925
Karlsruhe, Germany
1909, 1910, 1911, 1916 [52]
Senderens.JPG Jean-Baptiste Senderens January 27, 1856
Barbachen, France
September 26, 1937
Barbachen, France
1909, 1928, 1929 Nominated jointly with P.Sabatier only.[53]
Blank.png Gabriel Bertrand May 17, 1867
Paris, France
June 10, 1962
Paris, France
1909, 1928, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1942, 1944, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1955, 1957 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Constitution of enzymes and their catalythic elements."[54][55]

1st nomination in 1910-1919[]

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
Carl Liebermann Berlin.jpg Carl Theodore Liebermann February 23, 1842
Berlin, Germany
December 28, 1914
Berlin, Germany
1910 Nominated jointly with Otto Wallach the only time by B.Tollens.[56]
Blank.png Walther Spring March 6, 1848
Liège, Belgium
July 17, 1911
Liège, Belgium
1910 Nominated the only time by Jean Léonard Krutwig (1857-1932) from University of Liège.[57]
Pierre Martin (1824-1915).jpg Pierre-Émile Martin August 18, 1824
Bourges, France
May 21, 1915
Fourchambault, France
1910 [58]
James Dewar.jpg James Dewar September 20, 1842
Kincardine, Scotland
March 27, 1923
London, England
1910, 1911 Nominated jointly with H.Kamerlingh Onnes only and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[59]
Kamerlingh portret.jpg Heike Kamerlingh Onnes September 21, 1853
Groningen, Netherlands
February 21, 1926
Leiden, Netherlands
1910, 1911 Won the 1913 Nobel Prize in Physics.[60]
Marie Curie c1920.jpg Marie Curie November 7, 1867
Warsaw, Poland
July 4, 1934
Sancellemoz, France
1911 First woman nominated and first woman to win the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[61]
Paul Ehrlich 1915.jpg Paul Ehrlich March 14, 1854
Strzelin, Poland
August 20, 1915
Bad Homburg, Germany

1911
Won the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Il.Il.Metchnikoff,[62]
later nominated for "Work on chemotherapy."[63]
Sahachiro Hata.jpg Sahachiro Hata March 23, 1873
Masuda, Japan
November 22, 1938
Tokyo, Japan
1911 Nominated jointly with P.Ehrlich the only time by Em.Th.Kocher and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Work on chemotherapy."[63][64]
First Asian nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Blank.png William Henry Perkin Jr. June 17, 1860
Wembley, England
September 17, 1929
Oxford, England
1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1925, 1929 [65]
Blank.png Angelo Angeli August 20, 1864
Tarcento, Italy
May 31, 1931
Florence, Italy
1911, 1913, 1917, 1922, 1924, 1926, 1928, 1931 [66]
Voit 221 Gustav Tammann.jpg Gustav Heinrich Johann Apollon Tammann June 9, 1861
Kingisepp, Russia
December 17, 1938
Göttingen, Germany
1911, 1915, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1933, 1935, 1936, 1937 [67]
Fritz Haber.png Fritz Haber December 9, 1868
Wrocław, Poland
January 29, 1934
Basel, Switzerland
1912, 1913, 1915, 1916, 1918, 1919 Won the 1918 Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1919.[68]
Hilaire de Chardonnet.jpg Hilaire de Chardonnet May 1, 1839
Besançon, France
March 11, 1924
Paris, France
1912 Nominated the only time by H.Ost.[69]
Portrait of Philippe Barbier.png Philippe Barbier March 2, 1848
Luzy, France
September 18, 1922
Bandol, France
1912, 1920, 1922 [70]
Georges Urbain (1872-1938).png Georges Urbain April 12, 1872
Paris, France
November 5, 1938
Paris, France
1912, 1913, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1936 [71]
Richard Adolf Zsigmondy.jpg Richard Adolf Zsigmondy April 1, 1865
Vienna, Austria
September 23, 1929
Göttingen, Germany
1913, 1915, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1926 Won the 1925 Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1926.[72]
Karol Olszewski.jpg Karol Olszewski January 29, 1846
Broniszów, Poland
March 24, 1915
Kraków, Poland
1913 Nominated the only time by K.Dziewoński and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[73]
Theodor Zincke ca1900 Marburg.jpg Theodor Zincke May 19, 1843
Uelzen, Germany
March 17, 1928
Marburg, Germany
1913 Nominated the only time by G.Heller.[74]
Blank.png William Küster September 23, 1863
Leipzig, Germany
March 5, 1929
Stuttgart, Germany
1913 Only nominated jointly and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too.
"Work on hemoglobin."[75][76]
"Work on chlorophyll and hemoglobin."[75][77]
Leon Marchlewski 2.jpg Leon Marchlewski December 15, 1869
Wloclawek, Poland
January 16, 1946
Kraków, Poland
1913
Carl Harries ca1906 Kiel.jpg Carl Harries August 5, 1866
Luckenwalde, Germany
November 3, 1923
Berlin, Germany
1913, 1914, 1915, 1917 [78]
Blank.png Albert Recoura January 20, 1862
Grenoble, France
December 21, 1945
Grenoble, France
1913, 1915, 1921, 1922, 1924 Nominated by H.L.Le Chatelier only.[79]
Otto Hahn (Nobel).jpg Otto Hahn March 8, 1879
Frankfurt, Germany
July 28, 1968
Göttingen, Germany
1914, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1929, 1930, 1933, 1934,1936, 1937, 1939, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946 Won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1945.[80]
Blank.png Ernst Schmidt July 13, 1845
Halle, Germany
July 5, 1921
Marburg, Germany
1914 Nominated the only time by J.Gadamer.[81]
Alexander Tschirch. Photograph by Henn, 1926. Wellcome V0027271.jpg Alexander Tschirch October 17, 1856
Guben, Germany
December 2, 1939
Bern, Switzerland
1914, 1917, 1928 [82]
Paul Walden.jpg Paul Walden July 26, 1863
Rozula, Latvia
January 22, 1957
Gammertingen, Germany
1914, 1920, 1927, 1934, 1947, 1948, 1954 [83]
William Henry Bragg Nobel bw.jpg William Henry Bragg July 2, 1862
Wigton, England
March 12, 1942
London, England
1915 Won the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics.[84]
Henry Moseley (1887-1915).jpg Henry Moseley November 23, 1887
Weymouth, England
August 10, 1915
Gallipoli, Turkey
1915 Nominated jointly with W.H.Bragg the only time by Sv.Arrhenius.
Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[85][86]
Charles G. Darwin, Bain News Service photo portrait.jpg Charles Galton Darwin December 18, 1887
Cambridge, England
December 31, 1962
Cambridge, England
1915
Édouard Branly 1921.jpg Édouard Branly November 23, 1844
Amiens, France
March 24, 1940
Paris, France
1915 Nominated the only time by H.L.Le Chatelier.
Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[87]
Blank.png Eugen Herzfeld February 23, 1865 Košice, Slovakia October 1, 1944
Lugano, Switzerland [88]
1915 Nominated the only time by Em.Baur.[89]
Emanuele Paternò.gif Emanuele Paternò December 12, 1847
Palermo, Italy
January 17, 1925
Palermo, Italy
1915 Nominated the only time by Alb.Peratoner.[90]
Emil Abderhalden.jpg Emil Abderhalden March 9, 1877
Oberuzwil, Switzerland
August 5, 1950
Zürich, Switzerland
1915, 1918 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Work on physiological chemistry and "abwehrfermente"."[91][92]
Jean Perrin 1926.jpg Jean Baptiste Perrin September 30, 1870
Lille, France
April 17, 1942
New York City, United States
1915, 1919, 1920, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926 Won the 1926 Nobel Prize in Physics.[93]
The-svedberg-1.jpg Theodor Svedberg August 30, 1883
Valbo, Sweden
February 25, 1971
Kopparberg, Sweden
1916, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1923, 1924, 1926 Won the 1926 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[94]
Carl Bosch.jpg Carl Bosch August 27, 1874
Cologne, Germany
April 26, 1940
Heidelberg, Germany
1916, 1920, 1926, 1929, 1930, 1931 Won the 1931 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Fr.Bergius.[95]
Élie-Émile Bourquelot-B.jpg Émile Bourquelot June 21, 1851
Jandun, France
January 26, 1921
Paris, France
1916 Nominated the only time by Albert Colson (1853-1933) from École Polytechnique.[96]
U.S. Government FW Clarke Public Domain.jpg Frank Wigglesworth Clarke March 19, 1847
Boston, United States
May 23, 1931
Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States
1916 Nominated the only time by Hiram Colver McNeil (1866-1937) from George Washington University.[97]
Blank.png Felix Ehrlich June 1, 1877
Bad Gandersheim, Germany
January 23, 1942
Oborniki Śląskie, Poland
1916 Nominated the only time by Alexander Herzfeld (1854-1928) from Institut für Zuckerindustrie.[98]
Josef Maria Eder.png Josef Maria Eder March 16, 1855
Krems an der Donau, Austria
October 18, 1944
Kitzbuhel, Austria
1916, 1921 [99]
Fritz Pregl.jpg Fritz Pregl September 3, 1869
Ljubljana, Slovenia
December 13, 1930
Graz, Austria
1917, 1922, 1923 Won the 1923 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[100]
Jacob Beskow.png Knut Jacob Beskow January 13, 1876
Stockholm, Sweden
January 28, 1928
Stockholm, Sweden
1917 Nominated jointly the only time by P.Klason.[101][102]
Blank.png Arthur Ramén October 12, 1873
Uppsala, Sweden
September 30, 1926
Stockholm, Sweden
1917
Blank.png Philippe-Auguste Guye June 12, 1862
Geneva, Switzerland
March 27, 1922
Geneva, Switzerland
1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922 [103]
Amé Pictet.jpg Amé Pictet July 12, 1857
Geneva, Switzerland
March 11, 1937
Geneva, Swizterland
1917, 1920, 1924, 1926, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933 [104]
Hartog Jacob Hamburger (1908).jpg Hartog Jacob Hamburger March 9, 1859
Alkmaar, Netherlands
January 4, 1924
Groningen, Netherlands
1918 Nominated the only time by H.von Euler-Chelpin and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "The introduction of physical-chemical problems to physiology, and work on phagocytosis and the permeability of the kidneys."[105][106]
Mikhail Tsvet.jpg Mikhail Tsvet May 14, 1872
Asti, Italy
June 26, 1919
Voronezh, Russia
1918 Nominated the only time by Cornelis van Wisselingh (1859-1925) from University of Groningen.[107]
Blank.png Wilhelm Schlenk March 22, 1879
Munich, Germany
April 29, 1943
Tübingen, Germany
1918, 1920, 1924, 1925, 1929 [108]
Martinus Willem Beijerinck.png Martinus Beijerinck March 16, 1851
Amsterdam, Netherlands
January 1, 1931
Gorssel, Netherlands
1919, 1920 Nominated by S.Orla-Jensen only.[109]
Blank.png Edward Curtis Franklin March 1, 1862
Geary County, Kansas, United States
February 13, 1937
Stanford University, United States
1919, 1921 Nominated by D.St.Jordan only.[110]

1st nomination in 1920-1929[]

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
Niels Bohr.jpg Niels Bohr October 7, 1885
Copenhagen, Denmark
November 18, 1962
Copenhagen, Denmark
1920, 1929 Won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics.[111]
Otto Fischer 1877 LMU retouched.jpg Otto Philipp Fischer November 28, 1852
Euskirchen, Germany
April 4, 1932
Erlangen, Germany
1920 Nominated the only time by G.Heller.[112]
Arthur A. Noyes 1923.png Arthur Amos Noyes September 13, 1866
Newburyport, Massachusetts, United States
June 3, 1936
Pasadena, California, United States
1920 Nominated jointly with P.Walden the only time by C.Drucker.[113]
Blank.png Domingo Emilio Noelting June 8, 1851
Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic
August 6, 1922
Merano, Italy
1920 Nominated the only time by K.Dziewoński.[114]
Ossian-Aschan-1922.jpg Ossian Aschan May 16, 1860
Helsinki, Finland
February 25, 1939
Helsinki, Finland
1920, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1931, 1936 [115]
Charles Moureu Portrait.jpg Charles Moureu April 19, 1863
Mourenx, France
June 13, 1929
Biarritz, France
1921, 1929 [116]
Soeren Peter Lauritz Soerensen 1868-1939 by Laurberg 1918.jpg Søren Peter Lauritz Sørensen January 9, 1868
Havrebjerg, Denmark
February 12, 1939
Copenhagen, Denmark
1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Important studies on proteins."[105][117]
Herbert Freundlich ca1922.jpg Herbert Freundlich January 28, 1880
Charlottenburg, Germany
March 30, 1941
Minneapolis, United States
1921, 1928, 1936 [118]
Gombergm01.jpg Moses Gomberg February 8, 1866
Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine
February 12, 1947
Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
1921, 1922, 1924, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1938, 1940 [119]
Sergei Nikolaievich Winogradsky.jpg Sergei Winogradsky September 1, 1856
Kyiv, Ukraine
February 25, 1953
Brie-Comte-Robert, France
1921, 1952 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Work on nutrition."[120][121]
Francis William Aston.jpg Francis William Aston September 1, 1877
Birmingham, England
November 20, 1945
Cambridge, England
1922 Won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[122]
Arnold Frederik Holleman.jpg Arnold Frederick Holleman August 28, 1859
Oisterwijk, Netherlands
August 11, 1953
Bloemendaal, Netherlands
1922 Nominated the only time by J.J.Blanksma.[123]
Auer von Welsbach.jpg Carl Auer von Welsbach September 1, 1858
Vienna, Austria
August 4, 1929
Mölbling, Austria
1922, 1923, 1923, 1925, 1929 [124]
Blank.png Nikodem Caro May 23, 1871
Łódź, Poland
June 27, 1935
Zürich, Switzerland
1922, 1932, 1933 [125]
Blank.png Gilbert Newton Lewis October 23, 1875
Weymouth, Massachusetts, United States
March 23, 1946
Berkeley, California, United States
1922, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1946 [126]
Blank.png Henry Siedentopf September 22, 1872
Bremen, Germany
May 8, 1940
Jena, Germany
1923, 1924 Nominated jointly with R.Ad.Zsigmondy by W.Ostwald only.[127]
Blank.png Frederick Belding Power[128] March 4, 1853
New York City, United States
March 26, 1927
Washington, D.C., United States
1923, 1925 [129]
Heinrich Wieland.jpg Heinrich Otto Wieland June 4, 1877
Pforzheim, Germany
August 5, 1947
Starnberg, Germany
1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928,

1933, 1934
Won the 1927 Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1928.[130]
Hans von Euler-Chelpin 1934.jpg Hans von Euler-Chelpin February 15, 1873
Augsburg, Germany
November 6, 1964
Stockholm, Sweden
1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929 Won the 1929 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with A.Harden.[131]
George de Hevesy.jpg George de Hevesy August 1, 1885
Budapest, Hungary
July 5, 1966
Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
1924, 1927, 1929, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944 Won the 1943 Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1944.[132]
Blank.png Friedrich Emich September 5, 1860
Graz, Austria
January 22, 1940
Graz, Austria
1924, 1925 Nominated jointly with W.Schlenk by Fr.Pregl only.[133]
DirkCoster1930s.jpg Dirk Coster October 5, 1889
Amsterdam, Netherlands
February 12, 1950
Groningen, Netherlands
1924, 1927, 1929, 1933 Nominated jointly with G.de Hevesy only.[134]
Lise Meitner (1878-1968), lecturing at Catholic University, Washington, D.C., 1946.jpg Lise Meitner November 7, 1878
Vienna, Austria
October 27, 1968
Cambridge, England
1924, 1925, 1929, 1930, 1933, 1934, 1936, 1937, 1939, 1941, 1942, 1946, 1947, 1948 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[135]
Debierne.jpg André-Louis Debierne July 14, 1874
Paris, France
August 31, 1949
Paris, France
1925 Nominated the only time by Albin Haller.[136]
John Jacob Abel.jpg John Jacob Abel May 19, 1857
Cleveland, United States
May 26, 1938
Baltimore, United States
1925, 1926, 1927 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Preparation of crystalline insulin."[137][138]
Windaus.jpg Adolf Windaus December 25, 1876
Berlin, Germany
June 9, 1959
Göttingen, Germany
1926, 1927, 1928 Won the 1928 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[139]
Blank.png Fritz Foerster February 22, 1866
Zielona Gora, Poland
September 14, 1931
Dresden, Germany
1926 Nominated jointly with H.O.Wieland the only time by L.H.Plate.[140]
Blank.png Piero Ginori Conti June 3, 1865
Florence, Italy
December 3, 1939
Florence, Italy
1926 Nominated the only time by P.Sabatier.[141]
Blank.png Giuseppe Oddo June 9, 1865
Caltavuturo, Italy
November 5, 1954
Palermo, Italy
1926 Nominated the only time by B.Oddo.[142]
Casimir Funk 01.jpg Casimir Funk February 23, 1884
Warsaw, Poland
November 19, 1967
New York City, United States
1926, 1946 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Research on vitamins".[143][144]
Paul Pascal.png Paul Pascal July 4, 1880
Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise, France
January 26, 1968
Caen, France
1926, 1927, 1949, 1957, 1958, 1960 [145]
Langmuir.jpg Irving Langmuir January 31, 1881
Brooklyn, United States
August 16, 1957
Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States
1927, 1928, 1929, 1931, 1932 Won the 1932 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[146]
Debye100.jpg Peter Debye March 24, 1884
Maastricht, Netherlands
November 2, 1966
New York City, United States
1927, 1928, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936 Won the 1936 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[147]
Frederick Gowland Hopkins nobel.jpg Frederick Gowland Hopkins June 20, 1861
Eastbourne, England
May 16, 1947
Cambridge, England
1927 Won the 1929 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.[148]
Herbert Baker00.jpg Herbert Baker June 9, 1862
Owletts, England
February 4, 1946
Cobham, Kent, England
1927 Nominated jointly the only time by C.Drucker.[149][150]
EJCohen.jpg Ernst Cohen March 7, 1869
Amsterdam, Netherlands
March 6, 1944
Oswiecim, Poland
1927
Olof Hammarsten.png Olof Hammarsten August 21, 1841
Norrköping, Sweden
September 21, 1932
Uppsala, Sweden
1927 Nominated jointly with H.O.Wieland the only time by Ernst Heinrich Vahlen (1865–1941) from Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Work on physiological chemistry, especially the theories and work on blood coagulation."[151][152]
Bredt Julius.jpg Julius Bredt March 29, 1855
Berlin, Germany
September 21, 1937
Aachen, Germany
1927 Nominated the only time by G.Heller.[153]
Blank.png Kurt Gustav Peters August 17, 1897
Vienna, Austria
May 23, 1978
Vienna, Austria
1927 Nominated jointly with Fr.Paneth the only time by M.J.L.Le Blanc.[154]
Blank.png Friedrich Paneth August 31, 1887
Vienna, Austria
September 17, 1958
Mainz, Germany
1927, 1932, 1935, 1939, 1948, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958 [155]
Blank.png Niels Bjerrum March 11, 1879
Copenhagen, Denmark
September 30, 1958
Copenhagen, Denmark
1927, 1931, 1956 [156]
Robert Robinson organic chemist.jpg Robert Robinson September 13, 1886
Derbyshire, England
February 8, 1975
Great Missenden, England
1928, 1933, 1935, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947 Won the 1947 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[157]
Blank.png Samuel Colville Lind June 15, 1879
McMinnville, Tennessee, United States
February 12, 1965
Clinch River near Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
1928 Nominated the only time by Colin Garfield Fink (1881-1953) - the President and the Secretary of the Electrochemical Society.[158]
Kazimierz Fajans.jpg Kazimierz Fajans May 27, 1887
Warsaw, Poland
May 18, 1975
Michigan, United States
1928, 1934 [159]
Blank.png Bruno Tacke August 26, 1861
Wissen, Germany
October 28, 1942
Hagen, Germany
1928, 1936 Nominated by P.Ehrenberg only.[160]
Hans Fischer (Nobel).jpg Hans Fischer July 27, 1881
Frankfurt, Germany
March 31, 1945
Munich, Germany
1928, 1929, 1930 Won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[161]
Blank.png Alfred Fabian Hess October 9, 1875
New York City, United States
December 5, 1933
The Bronx, United States
1929 Nominated jointly with H.Fischer the only time by J.Wagner-Jauregg and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too.[162]"Work on the chemical nature of the antirachitic vitamin; the discovery that food irradiated with ultraviolet rays produced this vitamin".[163][164]
ArthurHarden.jpg Arthur Harden October 12, 1865
Manchester, England
June 17, 1940
Wooburn Green, England
1929 Won the 1929 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with H.von Euler-Chelpin.[165]
Friedrich Bergius.jpg Friedrich Bergius October 11, 1884
Wrocław, Poland
March 30, 1949
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1929, 1931 Won the 1931 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with C.Bosch.[166]
Norman Haworth.jpg Walter Norman Haworth March 19, 1883
White Coppice, England
March 19, 1950
Barnt Green, England
1929, 1930, 1931, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 Won the 1937 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[167]
Otto Warburg.jpg Otto Heinrich Warburg October 8, 1883
Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
August 1, 1970
Berlin, Germany
1929, 1931, 1960 Won the 1931 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.[168]
George Barger 1920s.jpg George Barger April 4, 1878
Manchester, England
January 6, 1939
Aeschi, Switzerland
1929 Nominated jointly the only time and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too.
"Large-scale synthetic production of thyroxine; also modified Kendall´s original chemical description of thyroxine."[169][170][171]
Blank.png Charles Harington August 1, 1897
Llanerfyl, Wales
February 4, 1972
London, England
1929
Blank.png Kurt Bennewitz January 2, 1886
Magdeburg, Germany
November 28, 1964
Bonn, Germany
1929 Nominated the only time by J.Billiter.[172]
JJvanLaar1914.jpg Johannes van Laar July 10, 1860
The Hague, Netherlands
December 9, 1938
Clarens, Switzerland
1929 Nominated the only time by J.J.Blanksma.[173]
Alfred Stock.jpg Alfred Stock July 16, 1876
Gdańsk, Poland
August 12, 1946
Aken (Elbe), Germany
1929 Nominated the only time by Alfons Franz Klemenc (1885–1960) from TU Wien.[174]
Carl Neuberg.jpg Carl Neuberg July 29, 1877
Hanover, Germany
May 30, 1956
New York City, United States
1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Work on the chemistry of fermentation, especially the isolation and determination of methylglyoxaline as intermediate product in fermentation."[175][176]
Blank.png Frédéric Swarts September 2, 1866
Ixelles, Belgium
September 6, 1940
Ghent, Belgium
1929, 1932, 1933, 1935 [177]
Max Bodenstein.jpg Max Bodenstein July 15, 1871
Magdeburg, Germany
September 3, 1942
Berlin, Germany
1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 [178]
Blank.png Otto Ruff December 12, 1871
Baden-Württemberg, Germany
September 17, 1939
Wrocław, Poland
1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 [179]
Victorgoldschmidt0006MA8633570-0001.jpg Victor Goldschmidt January 27, 1888
Zürich, Switzerland
March 20, 1947
Oslo, Norway
1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1936, 1940 [180]
Johannes Brønsted.jpg Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted February 22, 1879
Varde, Denmark
December 17, 1947
Copenhagen, Denmark
1929, 1933, 1948, 1949 [181]
Blank.png Charles Dufraisse August 20, 1885
Excideuil, France
August 5, 1969
Excideuil, France
1929, 1948, 1950, 1952, 1954, 1956, 1958 [182]

1st nomination in 1930-1939[]

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
Bridgman.jpg Percy Williams Bridgman April 21, 1882
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
August 20, 1961
Randolph, New Hampshire, United States
1930 Won the 1946 Nobel Prize in Physics.[183]
Blank.png Carl F. Schmidt July 29, 1893
Lebanon, Pennsylvania, United States
April 4, 1888
Radnor Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States
1930 [184]
Arnold Eucken.jpg Arnold Eucken July 3, 1884
Jena, Germany
June 16, 1950
Seebruck, Germany
1930, 1934 Nominated jointly with K.-Fr.Bonhoeffer only.[185]
Bonhoeffer,Karl Friedrich 1928 München.jpg Karl-Friedrich Bonhoeffer January 13, 1899
Wrocław, Poland
May 15, 1957
Göttingen, Germany
1930, 1934, 1937, 1952 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[186]
Lavoslav Ružićka 1939.jpg Leopold Ružička September 13, 1887
Vukovar, Croatia
September 26, 1976
Mammern, Switzerland
1931, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939 Won the 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[187]
Hermann Staudinger.jpg Hermann Staudinger March 23, 1881
Worms, Germany
September 8, 1965
Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
1931, 1932, 1934, 1935, 1939, 1941, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 Won the 1953 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[188]
Werner Schulemann. Photograph by L.J. Bruce-Chwatt. Wellcome L0011322.jpg Werner Schulemann May 4, 1888
Nysa, Poland
June 20, 1975
Bonn, Germany
1931 Nominated the only time by H.K.G.Schmidt and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Work on plasmoquinine and atebrin."[189][190]
Karl von Auwers 1909.jpg Karl von Auwers September 16, 1863
Gotha, Germany
May 3, 1939
Marburg, Germany
1931 [191]
Donnan FG.jpg Frederick George Donnan September 6, 1870
Colombo, Sri Lanka
December 16, 1956
Canterbury, England
1931, 1933 [192]
Peter Klason-1908.jpg Peter Klason April 4, 1848
Falkenberg, Sweden
January 1, 1937
Stockholm, Sweden
1931, 1932, 1934, 1935 [193]
Blank.png James Irvine May 9, 1877
Glasgow, Scotland
June 12, 1952
Edinburgh, Scotland
1931, 1935, 1936 Nominated jointly with W.N.Haworth only.[194]
Blank.png Werner Kuhn February 6, 1899
Maur, Switzerland
August 27, 1963
Basel, Switzerland
1931, 1952, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1966 [195]
Paul Karrer.jpg Paul Karrer April 21, 1889
Moscow, Russia
June 18, 1971
Zürich, Switzerland
1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 Won the 1937 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[196]
Richard Kuhn ETH-Bib Dia 248-065.jpg Richard Kuhn December 3, 1900
Vienna, Austria
August 1, 1967
Heidelberg, Germany
1932, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1939 Won the 1938 Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1939.[197]
Otto Paul Hermann Diels.jpg Otto Diels January 23, 1876
Hamburg, Germany
March 7, 1954
Kiel, Germany
1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1949, 1950 Won the 1950 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with K.Alder.[198]
Blank.png Gustav Embden November 10, 1874
Hamburg, Germany
July 25, 1933
Nassau, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
1932 Nominated jointly with C.Neuberg the only time by H.von Euler-Chelpin and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Work on intermediary metabolism, especially in liver and skeleton muscles."[199][200]
Blank.png Walter Noddack August 17, 1893
Berlin, Germany
December 7, 1960
Berlin, Germany
1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1937 [201]
Ida Noddack-Tacke.png Ida Tacke Noddack February 25, 1896
Rhine Province, Germany
September 24, 1978
Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Germany
1933, 1935, 1937 Nominated jointly with W.Noddack only.[202]
Virtanen.jpg Artturi Ilmari Virtanen January 15, 1895
Helsinki, Finland
November 11, 1973
Helsinki, Finland
1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1945 Won the 1945 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[203]
Blank.png Ernst Späth May 14, 1886
Moravský Beroun, Czechia
September 30, 1946
Zürich, Switzerland
1933 Nominated jointly with P.Karrer the only time by K.Brass.[204]
Emil Votocek 1927-04-09.jpg Emil Votoček October 5, 1872
Hostinné, Czechia
October 11, 1950
Prague, Czechia
1933 [205]
A. Butenandt 07-1935.jpg Adolf Butenandt March 24, 1903
Bremerhaven, Germany
January 18, 1995
Munich, Germany
1934, 1935, 1936, 1938, 1939 Won the 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[206]
Heyrovsky Jaroslav crop.jpg Jaroslav Heyrovský December 20, 1890
Prague, Czechia
March 27, 1967
Prague, Czechia
1934, 1938, 1940, 1944, 1947, 1950, 152, 153, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959 Won the 1959 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[207]
Urey.jpg Harold Clayton Urey April 29, 1893
Walkerton, Indiana, United States
January 5, 1981
La Jolla, California, United States
1934 Won the 1934 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[208]
Blank.png Edward Wight Washburn May 10, 1881
Beatrice, Nebraska, United States
February 6, 1934
Washington, D.C., United States
1934 Nominated jointly with H.Cl.Urey the only time by Th.Svedberg.[209]
Louis Camille Maillard.jpg Louis Camille Maillard February 4, 1878
Pont-à-Mousson, France
May 12, 1936
Paris, France
1934 Nominated the only time by R.Maire.[210]
Blank.png Fritz Kögl September 19, 1897
Munich, Germany
June 6, 1959
Utrecht, Netherlands
1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Work on auxines."[211][212]
Blank.png Erik Karl Mauritz Hägglund June 15, 1887
Timrå, Sweden
March 13, 1959
Stockholm, Sweden
1934, 1956 [213]
Joliot-fred.jpg Frédéric Joliot March 19, 1900
Paris, France
August 14, 1958
Paris, France
1935 Won the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly.[214][215]
Joliot-curie.jpg Irène Joliot-Curie September 12, 1897
Paris, France
March 17, 1956
Paris, France
1935
Enrico Fermi 1943-49 140x190.jpg Enrico Fermi September 9, 1901
Rome, Italy
November 28, 1954
Chicago, United States
1935, 1936, 1937 Won the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics.[216]
Blank.png George Oliver Curme Jr. December 24, 1888
Mount Vernon, Iowa, United States
July 28, 1976
Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts, United States
1935 Nominated jointly with Ph.Levene the only time by M.T.Bogert.[217]
Levene.jpg Phoebus Levene February 25, 1869
Žagarė, Lithuania
September 6, 1940
New York City, United States
1935 Nominated jointly with G.Ol.Curme Jr. the only time by M.T.Bogert and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Work on the structure of the nucleic acids."[218][219]
Blank.png Colin Garfield Fink[220] December 31, 1881
Hoboken, New Jersey, United States
September 17, 1953
Red Bank, New Jersey, United States
1935 Nominated the only time by Harold Hibbert (1877-1945) from McGill University.[221]
Blank.png Max Bergmann February 12, 1886
Fürth, Germany
November 7, 1944
New York City, United States
1935, 1950 Nominated by K.Landsteiner only.[222]
William Giauque Nobel.jpg William Giauque May 12, 1895
Niagara Falls, Canada
March 28, 1982
Berkeley, California, United States
1936, 1937, 1942, 1947, 1948, 1949 Won the 1949 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[223]
Kurt Alder Nobel.jpg Kurt Alder July 10, 1902
Chorzow, Poland
June 20, 1958
Cologne, Germany
1936, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1949, 1950 Won the 1950 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with O.Diels.[224]
Blank.png William Arthur Bone March 19, 1871
Stockton-on-Tees, England
June 11, 1938
London, England
1936 Nominated the only time by James Charles Philip (1873-1941) from Imperial College London.[225]
Blank.png Jacob Zacharias Heslinga February 24, 1897
Obergum, Netherlands
May 20, 1966
Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
1936 Nominated jointly the only time by J.J.Blanksma.[226][227]
Prof. Ir. H. ter Meulen, 1930.jpg Henri ter Meulen November 30, 1871
Amsterdam, Netherlands
June 24, 1942
The Hague, Netherlands
1936
Prof. Dr. Otto Hönigschmid (1878-1945).jpg Otto Hönigschmid March 13, 1878
Horovice, Czechia
October 14, 1945
Munich, Germany
1936 Nominated the only time by Hermann Pauly.[228]
Jens Möller.jpg Jens Möller July 2, 1894
Warnitz, Denmark
November 28, 1951
Gråsten, Denmark
1936 Nominated the only time by P.E.Raaschou.[229]
Umetarosuzuki-pre1943.jpg Umetaro Suzuki April 7, 1874
Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
September 20, 1943
Tokyo, Japan
1936 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Work on essential substances in rice and their importance in beri-beri."[230][231]
Świętosławski Wojciech.jpg Wojciech Świętosławski June 21, 1881
Kiryjówka, Poland
April 29, 1968
Warsaw, Poland
1936, 1950, 1957, 1958, 1960 [232]
Hugo Theorell nobel.jpg Hugo Theorell July 6, 1903
Linköping, Sweden
August 15, 1982
Stockholm, Sweden
1937, 1938, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955 Won the 1955 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.[233]
Marc Tiffeneau (2).jpg Marc Tiffeneau November 5, 1873
Mouy, France
May 20, 1945
Paris, France
1937 Nominated the only time by Jean-Louis Chelle (1881-1960) from University of Bordeaux.[234]
Blank.png Arthur Heinrich Binz November 12, 1868
Bonn, Germany
January 25, 1943
Berlin, Germany
1937 Professors of Chemistry from the Agricultural College in Berlin nominated jointly the only time by Hans Albert Bausch.[235][236]
Blank.png Curt Räth[237] December 1, 1893
Schöneberg, Germany
November 29, 1944
Charlottenburg, Germany
1937
Franz Josef Emil Fischer - 1877 reutsche.jpg Franz Joseph Emil Fischer March 19, 1877
Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
December 1, 1947
Munich, Germany
1937 Nominated jointly with Fr.Hofmann the only time by Ernst Terres.[238]
Fritz Hofmann ca1909 Bayer.jpg Fritz Hofmann November 2, 1866
Kölleda, Germany
October 29, 1956
Hanover, Germany
1937 [239]
Gustav Komppa.jpg Gustaf Komppa July 28, 1867
Vyborg, Russia
January 20, 1949
Helsinki, Finland
1937, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945 [240]
Bundesarchiv Bild 183-2005-0331-501, Paul Harteck.jpg Paul Harteck July 20, 1902
Vienna, Austria
January 22, 1985
Santa Barbara, California, United States
1937, 1952 [241]
London,Fritz 1928 München.jpg Fritz London March 7, 1900
Breslau, now Poland
March 30, 1954
Durham, North Carolina, United States
1937, 1942, 1950, 1963 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[242]
Wendell Meredith Stanley.jpg Wendell Meredith Stanley August 16, 1904
Ridgeville, Indiana, United States
June 15, 1971
Salamanca, Spain
1938, 1939, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946 Won the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry J.H.Northrop.[243]
Blank.png Jacob Böeseken August 20, 1868
Rotterdam, Netherlands
May 16, 1949
Delft, Netherlands
1938 Nominated the only time by H. ter Meulen[244]
Blank.png William Draper Harkins December 28, 1873
Titusville, Pennsylvania, United States
March 7, 1951
Chicago, United States
1938 Nominated the only time by H.Irv.Schlesinger.[245]
Victor Henri ca1922.jpg Victor Henri June 6, 1872
Marseille, France
June 21, 1940
La Rochelle, France
1938 Nominated the only time by J.Errera.[246]
Vladimir Ipatieff 1943.jpg Vladimir Ipatieff November 21, 1867
Moscow, Russia
November 29, 1952
Chicago, United States
1938, 1941, 1942, 1948, 1949, 1950 [247]
271079213-Arthur Stoll.jpg Arthur Stoll January 8, 1887
Schinznach-Dorf, Switzerland
January 13, 1971
Dornach, Switzerland
1938, 1940, 1942, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1957, 1959, 1960 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Chemical composition of heart glycosides, especially scillarens, digitalins and strophanthidins."[248][249]
Blank.png Frederick Charles Bawden August 18, 1908
Devonshire, England
February 8, 1972
Hertfordshire, England
1939 Nominated jointly the only time by Th.Svedberg and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Work on production of plant disease generating virus in crystallized form."[250][251][252]
Blank.png Norman Pirie July 1, 1907
Easebourne, England
March 29, 1997
Harpenden, England
1939
Georg Bredig.jpeg Georg Bredig October 1, 1868
Glogow, Poland
April 24, 1944
New York City, United States
1939 Nominated the only time by Nil Ratan Dhar (1892-1986) from the University of Allahabad.[253]
Blank.png Paul Job December 4, 1886
Nancy, France
July 29, 1957
Paris, France
1939 Nominated the only time by Marcel Lemarchands (1889-1943) from the University of Lyon.[254]
Blank.png Maurice Piettre January 14, 1878
Paris, France
January 13, 1954
Paris, France
1939 Nominated the only time by L.de Broglie.[255]
Francesco Giordani (fotografo).jpg Francesco Giordani July 5, 1896
Naples, Italy
January 24, 1961
Naples, Italy
1939 [256]
Dorothy Maud Wrinch 1921.jpg Dorothy Maud Wrinch September 12, 1894
Rosario, Argentina
February 11, 1976
Falmouth,_Massachusetts, United States
1939 [257]
Blank.png Conrad Elvehjem May 27, 1901
McFarland, Wisconsin, United States
July 27, 1962
Madison, Wisconsin, United States
1939, 1944 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Work on the use of nicotinic acid on "blacktongue"."[258][259]
Ernest Fourneau, vers 1930.jpg Ernest Fourneau October 4, 1872
Biarritz, France
August 5, 1949
Ascain, France
1939, 1940, 1949 [260]
Blank.png Robley Cook Williams October 13, 1908
Santa Rosa, California, United States
January 3, 1995
New York City, United States
1939, 1940, 1945, 1948, 1956 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Isolation and study of vitamin B1".[261][262]

1st nomination in 1940-1949[]

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
Linus Pauling 1962.jpg Linus Pauling February 28, 1901
Portland, Oregon, United States
August 19, 1994
Big Sur, United States
1940, 1941, 1943, 1944, 1946, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955 Won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize.[263]
Blank.png Fritz Weigert September 18, 1876
Berlin, Germany
April 13, 1947
Berlin, Germany
1940 Nominated the only time by H.von Halban.[264]
Blank.png Jacques Tréfouël November 9, 1897
Le Raincy, France
July 11, 1977
Paris, France
1940, 1944, 1946, 1950, 1951 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "The discovery of the facts relating to para-amino-benzene sulfonamide."[265][266]
Blank.png Christopher Kelk Ingold October 28, 1893
London, England
December 8, 1970
Edgware, England
1940, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966 [267]
John Howard Northrop.jpg John Howard Northrop July 5, 1891
Yonkers, New York, United States
May 27, 1987
Wickenburg, Arizona, United States
1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946 Won the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with W.M.Stanley.[268]
James Batcheller Sumner.jpg James Batcheller Sumner November 19, 1887
Canton, Massachusetts, United States
August 12, 1955
Buffalo, New York, United States
1941, 1944, 1945, 1946 Won the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[269]
Blank.png Moses Kunitz December 19, 1887
Slonim, Belarus
April 21, 1978
Philadelphia, United States
1941 Nominated jointly with J.H.Northrop and J.B.Sumner only and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "The production of crystalline digestion ferment (enzyme)"[270][271]
RudySchoenheimer.jpg Rudolph Schoenheimer May 10, 1898
Berlin, Germany
September 11, 1941
Yonkers, New York, United States
1941 Nominated jointly with G.Ch.de Hevesy the only time by H.Urey and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Isotope techniques to study intermediary metabolism."[272][273]
Porträt von Paul Niggli.jpg Paul Niggli June 26, 1888
Zofingen, Switzerland
January 13, 1953
Zürich, Switzerland
1941 [274]
Blank.png Donald Van Slyke March 29, 1883
Pike, New York, United States
May 4, 1971
Brookhaven, New York, United States
1941, 1945 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Work on the chemistry of proteins, kidney function, the acid-base balance and the electrolytic balance of the body."[275][276]
Blank.png Albert Marcel Germain René Portevin November 1, 1880
Paris, France
April 12, 1962
Paris, France
1941, 1945, 1948, 1950, 1959 Nominated by G.-L.Chaudron only and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[277]
Blank.png René Bernard Wurmser September 24, 1890
Paris, France
November 9, 1993
Paris, France
1942 Nominated the only time by J.B.Perrin.
[278]
Ernest L Kennaway 1907.jpg Ernest Kennaway May 23, 1881
Exeter, England
January 1, 1958
London, England
1942, 1944 Nominated jointly with J.W.Cook only and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Isolation of a series of carcinogenic substances."[279][280]
Blank.png James Wilfred Cook December 10, 1900
South Kensington, England
October 21, 1975
Exeter, England
1942, 1944, 1950, 1952 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Isolation of a series of carcinogenic substances."[279][281]
Heitler,Walter 1937.jpg Walter Heitler January 2, 1904
Karlsruhe, Germany
November 15, 1981
Zollikon, Switzerland
1942, 1950, 1959, 1963, 1964 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[282]
Thadeus Reichstein ETH-Bib Portr 10137.jpg Tadeusz Reichstein July 20, 1897
Wloclawek, Poland
August 1, 1996
Basel, Switzerland
1943, 1944, 1945, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950 Won the 1950 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Edw.C.Kendall and Ph.Sh.Hench.[283]
Vincent du Vigneaud.jpg Vincent du Vigneaud May 18, 1901
Chicago, United States
December 11, 1978
White Plains, New York, United States
1944, 1945, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1954, 1955 Won the 1955 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[284]
Portrait of Harry Steenbock. Wellcome M0020234.jpg Harry Steenbock August 16, 1886
Charlestown, Wisconsin, United States
December 25, 1967
Madison, Wisconsin, United States
1944 Nominated the only time by Olaf Andreas Hougen (1893-1986) from the University of Wisconsin–Madison and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Work on the chemical nature of the antirachitic vitamin; the discovery that food irradiated with ultraviolet rays produced this vitamin".[163][285]
Sir Charles Dodds.jpg Edward Charles Dodds October 13, 1899
Liverpool, England
December 16, 1973
London, England
1944 Nominated jointly with Ern.Kennaway, J.W.Cook, Fr.Kögl and Kl.Clusius the only time by J.B.Gillis and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Discovery of synthetic oestrogens, especially stilboestrol (diethylstilbestrol, DES) and their effects."[286][287]
Blank.png Klaus Clusius March 19, 1903
Wrocław, Poland
May 28, 1963
Zürich, Switzerland
1944, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1961 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[288]
Blank.png Karl Paul Link January 31, 1901
LaPorte, Indiana, United States
November 21, 1978
Madison, Wisconsin, United States
1944, 1960 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Dicoumarol and related compounds"[289][290]
Blank.png Henry Eyring February 20, 1901
Colonia Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
December 26, 1981
Salt Lake City, Utah, Mexico
1944, 1950, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1965 [291]
Blank.png Arne Fredrik Westgren July 11, 1889
Årjäng, Sweden
March 7, 1975
Stockholm, Sweden
1945 Nominated the only time by Donald Pritchard Smith (1879-1957) from the Princeton University.[292]
Seaborg.jpg Glenn Theodore Seaborg April 19, 1912
Ishpeming, Michigan, United States
February 25, 1999
Lafayette, California, United States
1946, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951,

1955
Won the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Edw.McMillan.[293]
Hans Adolf Krebs.jpg Hans Adolf Krebs August 25, 1900
Hildesheim, Germany
November 22, 1981
Oxford, England
1946, 1950 Won the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.[294]
Robert Woodward Nobel.jpg Robert Burns Woodward April 10, 1917
Boston, United States
July 8, 1979
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
1946, 1947, 1948, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965 Woodward holds the highest record as the most nominated person for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and won on 1965. He was nominated 111 times.[295]
Blank.png William von Eggers Doering June 22, 1917
Fort Worth, Texas, United States
January 3, 2011
Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
1946, 1947 Nominated jointly with R.B.Woodward only.[296]
Blank.png Hugh Stott Taylor February 6, 1890
St. Helens, Merseyside, England
April 17, 1974
Princeton, New Jersey, United States
1946 Nominated the only time by N.H.Furman.[297]
Blank.png Alexander Frumkin October 24, 1895
Chișinău, Moldova
May 27, 1976
Tula, Russia
1946, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966 [298]
Nikolay Semyonov Nobel.jpg Nikolay Semyonov April 15, 1896
Saratov, Russia
September 25, 1986
Moscow, Russia
1946, 1947, 1948, 1950, 1955, 1956, 1957 Won the 1956 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly.[299][300]
Cyril Norman Hinshelwood Nobel.jpg Cyril Norman Hinshelwood June 19, 1897
London, England
October 9, 1967
London, England
1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956
Arne Tiselius.jpg Arne Tiselius August 10, 1902
Stockholm, Sweden
October 29, 1971
Uppsala, Sweden
1947, 1948 Won the 1948 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[301]
Blank.png Henri Devaux[302] July 6, 1862
Étaules, Charente-Maritime, France
March 14, 1956
Bordeaux, France
1947 Nominated the only time by L.Genevois.[303]
Leo Szilard-cropped.png Leo Szilard February 11, 1898
Budapest, Hungary
May 30, 1964
San Diego, California, United States
1947 Nominated the only time by M.Polanyi and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[304]
Novartis-Logo.svg J.R. Geigy SA (founded by J. R. Geigy-Merian)[305][306] 1857
Basel, Switzerland
1970
Basel, Switzerland
1947 Nominated jointly with P.Läuger the only time by Bawa Kartar Singh (1886-1960) from the University of the Punjab.
First and last company nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry[307]
Blank.png Paul Läuger[308] 1896 1959 1947 Nominated jointly with J.R. Geigy SA the only time by Bawa Kartar Singh (1886-1960) from the University of the Punjab and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Work on DDT".[309][310]
Otto Frisch ID badge.png Otto Robert Frisch October 1, 1904
Vienna, Austria
September 22, 1979
Cambridge, England
1947, 1948 Nominated jointly with L.Meitner by N.Bohr only and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[311]
Edwin McMillan Nobel.jpg Edwin McMillan September 18, 1907
Redondo Beach, California, United States
September 7, 1991
El Cerrito, California, United States
1948, 1951 Won the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Gl.Th.Seaborg.[312]
Blank.png Philip Abelson April 27, 1913
Tacoma, Washington, United States
August 1, 2004
Bethesda, Maryland, United States
1948 Nominated jointly with Edw.McMillan the only time by Don Merlin Lee Yost (1893-1977) from the California Institute of Technology.[313]
Blank.png Paul Lebeau December 19, 1868
Boiscommun, France
November 18, 1959
Massy, Essonne, France
1948 Nominated the only time by L.Hackspill.[314]
Blank.png David Rittenberg November 11, 1906
New York City, United States
January 24, 1970
New York City, United States
1948 Nominated the only time by Egbert Havinga (1909-1988) from Leiden University and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. [315]
Blank.png Alfred Mirsky October 17, 1900
New York City, United States
June 19, 1974
New York City, United States
1948 Nominated the only time by H.K.A.S.von Euler-Chelpin.[316]
Blank.png Paul Rabe August 24, 1869
Hoym, Germany
August 28, 1952
Hamburg, Germany
1948 Nominated jointly with R.B.Woodward the only time by L.Zechmeister.[317]
Blank.png Gerhard Dickel October 28, 1913
Augsburg, Germany
November 3, 2017
Augsburg, Germany
1948 Nominated jointly with Kl.Clusius the only time by H.Urey.[318]
Joseph W. Kennedy Los Alamos ID.png Joseph William Kennedy May 30, 1916
Nacogdoches, Texas, United States
May 5, 1957
St. Louis, Missouri, United States
1948 Nominated jointly with Gl.T.Seaborg the only time by H.Urey.[319]
Blank.png Pierre Armand Jacquet April 7, 1906
Saint-Mandé, France
September 6, 1967
Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
1948, 1950 Nominated jointly with Alb.Portevin and Ch.Dufraisse by G.-L.Chaudron only.[320]
Blank.png Morris Selig Kharasch August 24, 1895
Kremenets', Ukraine
October 9, 1957
Copenhagen, Denmark
1948, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957 [321]
RogerAdams.png Roger Adams January 2, 1889
Boston, United States
July 6, 1971
Urbana, Illinois, United States
1948, 1949, 1952, 1957, 1959, 1960 [322]
Arvid Hedvall.jpg Arvid Hedvall January 18, 1888
Skara, Sweden
December 24, 1974
Gothenburg, Sweden
1948, 1949, 1950, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1962 [323]
Hans Meerwein (1879-1965) 2.png Hans Meerwein May 20, 1879
Hamburg, Germany
October 24, 1965
Marburg, Germany
1948, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965 [324]
Blank.png Chester Hamlin Werkman June 17, 1893
Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States
September 10, 1962
Ames, Iowa, United States
1948, 1949, 1950, 1952 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Discovery of the carbon dioxide assimilation process in heterotrophic organisms."[325][326]
Dr. A.J. Kluyver, 1921.jpg Albert Kluyver June 3, 1888
Breda, Netherlands
May 14, 1956
Delft, Netherlands
1949 Nominated jointly with Ch.H.Werkman the only time by A.I.Virtanen.[327]
Blank.png Harland Goff Wood September 2, 1907
Delavan, Minnesota, United States
September 12, 1991
Cleveland, United States
1949, 1950, 1952 Nominated jointly with Ch.H.Werkman only and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Discovery of the carbon dioxide assimilation process in heterotrophic organisms."[325][328]
Alexander Todd Nobel.jpg Alexander Robertus Todd October 2, 1907
Glasgow, Scotland
January 10, 1997
Oakington, England
1949, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957 Won the 1957 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[329]
Edward Calvin Kendall nobel.jpg Edward Calvin Kendall March 8, 1886
South Norwalk, United States
May 4, 1972
Princeton, New Jersey, United States
1949 Won the 1950 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with T.Reichstein and Ph.Sh.Hench.[330]
Blank.png Edwin Joseph Cohn December 17, 1892
New York City, United States
October 1, 1953
Boston, United States
1949 Nominated the only time by George Scatchard (1892-1973) from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Fractionation of plasma proteins..."[331][332]
Blank.png George William Heise[333] June 27, 1888
Milwaukee, United States
1972
United States
1949 Nominated the only time by Sherlock Swann Jr. (1900-1983) from University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.[334]
Karl Miescher 07-1935.jpg Karl Miescher January 8, 1892
Naples, Italy
April 14, 1974
Riehen, Switzerland
1949 Nominated the only time by L.Fieser.[335]
Blank.png George Malcolm Dyson April 5, 1902
London, England
December 16, 1978
Loughborough, England
1949 Nominated jointly the only time by Ernest H. Huntress (1899-1970) from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[336][337]
Blank.png Friedrich Richter[338] September 1, 1896
Berlin, Germany
November 22, 1961
Frankfurt, Germany
1949
Domingo Giribaldo.jpg Domingo Giribaldo January 25, 1860
Pando, Uruguay
July 9, 1950
Montevideo, Uruguay
1949 First Latin American nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[339]
Blank.png Ralph Walter Graystone Wyckoff August 9, 1897
Geneva, New York, United States
November 3, 1994
Tucson, Arizona, United States
1949, 1952 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Electron microscopy of viruses, leading to knowledge of the nature and morphology of viruses and general insight into the structure and mechanism of crystallization of proteins."[340][341]
David Keilin 1931.jpg David Keilin March 21, 1887
Moscow, Russia
February 27, 1963
Cambridge, England
1949, 1950, 1954, 1955, 1960 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Discovery of cytochromes"[342][343]
Karl August Folkers.jpg Karl August Folkers September 1, 1906
Decatur, Illinois, United States
December 7, 1997
New London, New Hampshire, United States
1949, 1954, 1958, 1961, 1962 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Work on the chemistry of streptomycin."[344][345]
Blank.png Michael Heidelberger April 29, 1888
New York City, United States
June 25, 1991
New York City, United States
1949, 1953, 1962 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Methods for measuring antigens, antibody and complement. Specifically, studies on the purification of Pneumococcus polysaccharides, leading to routines for immunization against pneumococcal pneumonia."[346][347]
Blank.png Walter Reppe July 29, 1892
Eisenach, Germany
July 26, 1969
Heidelberg, Germany
1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1966 [348]
Blank.png William Cumming Rose April 4, 1887
Greenville, South Carolina, United States
September 25, 1985
Urbana, Illinois, United States
1949, 1950, 1957, 1959, 1962, 1966 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Work on the amino acid requirements in humans."[349][350]

1st nomination in 1950-1959[]

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
Archer John Porter Martin Nobel.jpg Archer Martin March 1, 1910
London, England
July 28, 2002
Llangarron, England
1950, 1951, 1952 Won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly.[351][352]
Richard Laurence Millington Synge.jpg Richard Laurence Millington Synge October 28, 1914
Liverpool, England
August 18, 1994
Norwich, England
1950, 1951, 1952
Melvin Calvin 1960s.jpg Melvin Calvin April 8, 1911
St. Paul, Minnesota, United States
January 8, 1997
Berkeley, California, United States
1950, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961 Won the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[353]
Dorothy Hodgkin Nobel.jpg Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin May 12, 1910
Cairo, Egypt
July 29, 1994
Ilmington, England
1950, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964 Won the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[354]
Mulliken,Robert 1929 Chicago.jpg Robert S. Mulliken June 7, 1896
Newburyport, Massachusetts, United States
October 31, 1986
Arlington, Virginia, United States
1950, 1957, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966 Won the 1966 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[355]
Paul Flory 1973.jpg Paul Flory June 19, 1910
Sterling, Illinois, United States
September 9, 1985
Big Sur, California, United States
1950, 1952, 1956, 1957, 1964, 1965 Won the 1974 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[356]
Selman Waksman NYWTScrop.jpg Selman Waksman July 22, 1888
Nova Pryluka, Ukraine
August 16, 1973
Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States
1950, 1951 Won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.[357]
Portrait of Fritz Albert Lipmann (1899-1986), Biochemist (2551001689).jpg Fritz Albert Lipmann June 12, 1899
Königsberg, Germany
July 24, 1986
Poughkeepsie, New York, United States
1950, 1952 Won the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.[358]
George Wells Beadle.jpg George Beadle October 22, 1903
Wahoo, Nebraska, United States
June 9, 1989
Pomona, California, United States
1950, 1954 Won the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Edw.Tatum.[359]
Blank.png Thérèse Tréfouël June 19, 1892
Paris, France
November 9, 1978
Paris, France
1950 Nominated the only time jointly with J.Tréfouël.[360][361]
Blank.png Gladwin Albert Hurst Buttle[362] April 11, 1899
Godstone, England
May 3, 1983
Fulham, England
1950
Wahl-arthur c.gif Arthur Wahl September 8, 1917
Des Moines, Iowa, United States
March 6, 2006
Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States
1950 Nominated jointly with Gl.Th.Seaborg and B.B.Cunningham the only time by Otto Hahn.[363][364][365][366][367][368][369]
Blank.png John Warren Hamaker October 25, 1917
Montreal, Canada
June 13, 2000
Contra Costa County, California, United States
1950
Blank.png Glenn E. Sheline [370] 1918
Flint, Michigan, United States
March 24, 1989
San Mateo, California, United States
1950
Blank.png Wendell Mitchell Latimer April 22, 1893
Garnett, Kansas, United States
July 6, 1955
Berkeley, California, United States
1950
Blank.png Louis Werner June 17, 1921
Idaho, United States
May 20, 2007
San Francisco, United States
1950
Blank.png Isadore Perlman April 12, 1915
Milwaukee, United States
August 3, 1991
Los Alamitos, California, United States
1950
Blank.png Paul Kirk May 9, 1902
Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
June 5, 1970
Alameda, California, United States
1950
Blank.png Raphael Consden[371] 1911
England
November, 1980
Taplow, England
1950, 1951 Nominated jointly with A.J.P.Martin only.[372][373]
Blank.png Arthur Hugh Gordon 1916 2003
Camden Town, England
1950, 1951
Blank.png Kaj Ulrik Linderstrøm-Lang November 29, 1896
Frederiksberg, Denmark
May 25, 1959
Copenhagen, Denmark
1950, 1953, 1956, 1958 [374]
Blank.png Edward Joseph Conway July 3, 1894
Nenagh, Ireland
December 29, 1968
Dublin, Ireland
1950, 1959 Nominated by Thomas S. Wheeler (1899-1962) from University College Dublin only and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Work on the permeability of the cell wall for ions, and ionic equilibrium."[375][376]
Blank.png Hermann Irving Schlesinger October 11, 1882
Milwaukee, United States
October 3, 1960
Chicago, United States
1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961 [377]
Blank.png Choh Hao Li April 21, 1913
Guangzhou, China
November 28, 1987
California, United States
1950, 1951, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1963 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Isolation and study of the pituitary hormone."[378]
First Chinese nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[379]
Blank.png Burris Bell Cunningham February 16, 1912
Springer, New Mexico, United States
March 28, 1971
Berkeley, California, United States
1950, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966 [380]
Blank.png Willard Libby December 17, 1908
Parachute, Colorado, United States
September 8, 1980
Los Angeles, United States
1951, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960 Won the 1960 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[381]
Max Perutz.jpg Max Perutz May 19, 1914
Vienna, Austria
February 6, 2002
Cambridge, England
1951, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963 Won the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with J.Kendrew.[382]
Rudolph Albert Peters.jpg Rudolph Peters April 13, 1889
Kensington, England
January 29, 1982
Cambridge, England
1951 Nominated the only time by Geoffrey Arthur Dering Haslewood (1910-1993) from the Guy's Hospital Medical School and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Work on dimercaptopropanol and its importance in protection against poisoning by certain metals."[383][384]
Blank.png Yasuhiko Asahina April 16, 1881
Tokyo, Japan
June 30, 1975
Tokyo, Japan
1951, 1952 [385]
Blank.png Axel Edvin Lindh January 10, 1888
Lund, Sweden
August 14, 1960
Lund, Sweden
1951, 1953 Nominated by J.Stark only.[386]
Blank.png Ian Heilbron November 6, 1886
Glasgow, Scotland
September 14, 1959
London, England
1951, 1953 [387]
Frederick Sanger2.jpg Frederick Sanger August 13, 1918
Rendcomb, England
November 19, 2013
Cambridge, England
1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958 Sanger twice won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He won the 1958 and 1980 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[388]
Zernike.jpg Frits Zernike July 16, 1888
Amsterdam, Netherlands
March 10, 1966
Amersfoort, Netherlands
1952 Won the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physics.[389]
Blank.png Alexander Braunstein May 26, 1902
Kharkiv, Ukraine
July 1, 1986
Moscow, Russia
1952 Nominated the only time by E.Aubel and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. [390]
Blank.png Claude Hudson January 26, 1881
Atlanta, United States
December 27, 1952
Los Angeles, United States
1952 [391]
Kossel,Walther 1928.jpg Walther Kossel January 4, 1888
Berlin, Germany
May 22, 1956
Tübingen, Germany
1952 Nominated the only time by M.von Laue and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[392]
Blank.png Erich Müller
(probably Erwin Wilhelm Müller)
? ? 1952 [393]
Sir Francis Simon.jpg Francis Simon July 2, 1893
Berlin, Germany
October 31, 1956
Oxford, England
1952, 1954 Nominated by W.Jost only and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[394]
Blank.png William Hume-Rothery May 15, 1899
Worcester Park, England
September 27, 1968
Oxford, England
1952, 1957 Nominated by C.St.Smith only and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[395]
Blank.png Lyman Craig June 12, 1906
Palmyra Township, Warren County, Iowa, United States
July 7, 1974
Iowa, United States
1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1965 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Discoveries and development of new chemical separation methods based on "counter-current extraction and partition chromatography"."[396][397]
Blank.png Marguerite Perey October 19, 1909
Villemomble, France
May 13, 1975
Louveciennes, France
1952, 1958, 1961, 1965, 1966 [398]
Blank.png Walter Hieber December 18, 1895
Stuttgart, Germany
November 29, 1976
Munich, Germany
1952, 1956, 1965, 1966 [399]
Segre.jpg Emilio Segrè January 30, 1905
Tivoli, Lazio, Italy
April 22, 1989
Lafayette, California, United States
1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958 Won the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physics with O.Chamberlain.[400]
Blank.png Øjvind Winge May 19, 1886
Aarhus, Denmark
April 5, 1964
Copenhagen, Denmark
1953 Nominated the only time by R.Fisher.[401]
Professor Izaak Mauritis Kolthoff.jpg Izaak Maurits Kolthoff February 11, 1894
Almelo, Netherlands
March 4, 1993
St. Paul, Minnesota, United States
1953, 1963 [402]
Edward Lawrie Tatum nobel.jpg Edward Tatum December 14, 1909
Boulder, Colorado, United States
November 5, 1975
New York City, United States
1954 Won the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with G.Beadle.[403]
Karl Ziegler Nobel.jpg Karl Ziegler November 26, 1898
Helsa, Germany
August 12, 1973
Mülheim, Germany
1954, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963 Won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly.[404][405]
Giulio Natta 1960s.jpg Giulio Natta February 26, 1903
Imperia, Italy
May 2, 1979
Bergamo, Italy
1955, 1957, 1958, 1959, 160, 1961, 1962, 1963
George Porter Nobel.jpg George Porter December 6, 1920
Stainforth, South Yorkshire, England
August 31, 2002
Canterbury, England
1955, 1956, 1961, 1964, 1965, 1966 Won the 1967 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with M.Eigen and R.G.Wr.Norrish.[406]
Onsager 1968.jpg Lars Onsager November 27, 1903
Kristiania, Norway
October 6, 1976
Coral Gables, United States
1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1966 Won the 1968 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[407]
Louis Fieser.jpg Louis Fieser April 7, 1899
Columbus, Ohio, United States
July 25, 1977
Belmont, Massachusetts, United States
1955 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Studies on vitamin K."[408][409]
Blank.png Josef Mattauch November 21, 1895
Ostrava, Czechia
August 10, 1976
Klosterneuburg, Austria
1955, 1959 Nominated by Kl.Clusius only and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[410]
Blank.png Félix Trombe March 19, 1906
Nogent-sur-Marne, France
March 26, 1985
Ganties, France
1955, 1961 [411]
Blank.png Martin Kamen August 27, 1913
Toronto, Canada
August 31, 2002
Montecito, California, United States
1955, 1962, 1963, 1964 [412]
Bundesarchiv Bild 183-57000-0454, Berlin, Max Volmer.jpg Max Volmer May 3, 1885
Hilden, Germany
June 3, 1965
Potsdam, Germany
1955, 1956, 1959, 1960, 1964, 1965 [413]
Slater,John C. 1934 London.jpg John Clarke Slater December 22, 1900
Oak Park, Illinois, United States
July 25, 1976
Sanibel Island, Florida, United States
1955, 1965, 1966 [414]
Blank.png Fritz Feigl May 15, 1891
Vienna, Austria
January 23, 1971
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
1955, 1957, 1962, 1963, 1966 [415]
Severo Ochoa 1958b.jpg Severo Ochoa de Albornoz September 24, 1905
Luarca, Spain
November 1, 1993
Madrid, Spain
1956, 1957, 1958, 1959 Won the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with A.Kornberg.[416]
Georges Lemaître 1930s.jpg Georges Lemaître July 17, 1894
Charleroi, Belgium
June 20, 1966
Leuven, Belgium
1956 Nominated the only time by Don Merlin Lee Yost (1893-1977) from the California Institute of Technology and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.
Lemaître is the only priest nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. [417]
Blank.png Ernest Gale July 15, 1914
Luton, England
March 7, 2005
Cambridge, England
1956 Nominated jointly the only time by J.H.Northrop.[418][419]
Blank.png Joan P. Folkes 1927
Staffordshire, England
? 1956
Blank.png Boris Arbuzov November 4, 1903
Pulawy, Poland
November 6, 1991
Kazan, Russia
1956 Nominated jointly with Al.Arbuzov the only time by M.M.Dubinin.[420]
A. E. Arbuzov 1914.jpg Aleksandr Arbuzov October 12, 1877
Kazan, Russia
January 22, 1968
Kazan, Russia
1956, 1957, 1961, 1962 [421]
Fraenkel-Conrat.jpg Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat July 29, 1910
Wrocław, Poland
April 10, 1999
Oakland, California, United States
1956, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963 [422]
Blank.png Jannik Bjerrum April 5, 1909
Skærbæk, Denmark
August 29, 1992
Copenhagen, Denmark
1956, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1965 [423]
Blank.png Friedrich Emil Brauns 1890 1982 1956 Nominated jointly with K.Freudenberg and Er.Hägglund the only time by Joseph Risi (1899-1993) from Université Laval.[424]
Blank.png Karl Freudenberg January 29, 1886
Weinheim, Germany
April 3, 1983
Weinheim, Germany
1956, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1965, 1966 [425]
Oswald T. Avery portrait 1937.jpg Oswald Avery October 21, 1877
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
February 20, 1955
Nashville, Tennessee, United States
1957 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "The role of DNA at pneumococcal type II to type III transition."[426][427]
ColinMacCleod.jpg Colin Munro MacLeod January 28, 1909
Port Hastings, Canada
February 11, 1972
London, England
1957 Nominated jointly with Osw.Avery the only time by J.H.Northrop.[428][429]
Blank.png Maclyn McCarty June 9, 1911
South Bend, Indiana, United States
January 2, 2005
New York City, United States
1957
Blank.png Marietta Blau April 29, 1894
Vienna, Austria
January 27, 1970
Vienna, Austria
1957 Nominated the only time by Erw.Schrödinger and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[430]
Blank.png Paul Charpentier ?
France
?
France
1957 Nominated the only time by G.Hugel from École nationale supérieure du pétrole et des combustibles liquides.[431]
Charles D. Coryell M.I.T. May 1947.png Charles DuBois Coryell February 21, 1912
Los Angeles, United States
January 7, 1971
Lexington, Massachusetts, United States
1957 Nominated the only time by M.Perey.[432]
Blank.png Maurice-Marie Janot November 3, 1903
Plombières-les-Bains, France
December 10, 1978
Paris, France
1957 Nominated the only time by G.Cauquil.[433]
Blank.png Aleksandr Volodymyrovych Palladin September 10, 1885
Moscow, Russia
December 6, 1972
Kiev, Ukraine
1957 Nominated the only time by Al.Oparin.[434]
Blank.png Georg Stadnikov January 17, 1880
Vyazovok, Ukraine
February 18, 1973
Russia
1957 Nominated the only time by W.Świętosławski.[435]
Blank.png Eric Rideal April 11, 1890
London, England
September 25, 1974
London, England
1957 Nominated the only time by R.Barrer.[436]
Hund, Friedrich 1920er Göttingen.jpg Friedrich Hund February 4, 1896
Karlsruhe, Germany
March 31, 1997
Karlsruhe, Germany
1957 Nominated jointly with Er.Hückel and R.S.Mulliken the only time by Reinhard Mecke and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[437]
Hueckel.jpg Erich Hückel August 9, 1896
Berlin, Germany
February 16, 1980
Marburg, Germany
1957, 1965, 1966 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[438]
Blank.png Bernard Leonard Horecker October 31, 1914
Chicago, United States
October 10, 2010
Cypress Cove Lodge, United States
1957, 1961 [439]
Blank.png Carl Wagner May 25, 1901
Leipzig, Germany
December 10, 1977
Göttingen, Germany
1957, 1958, 1959, 1963, 1964, 1966 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[440][441][442]
Luis Federico Leloir - young.jpg Luis Federico Leloir September 9, 1906
Paris, France
December 2, 1987
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1958, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966 Won the 1970 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[443]
Herzberg,Gerhard 1952 London.jpg Gerhard Herzberg December 25, 1904
Hamburg, Germany
March 3, 1999
Ottawa, Canada
1958, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1965, 1966 Won the 1971 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[444]
Vladimir Prelog ETH-Bib Portr 00214.jpg Vladimir Prelog July 23, 1906
Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
January 7, 1998
Zürich, Switzerland
1958, 1959, 1964, 1965, 1966 Won the 1975 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[445]
Blank.png Georg Wittig June 16, 1897
Berlin, Germany
August 26, 1987
Heidelberg, Germany
1958, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966 Won the 1979 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with H.Ch.Brown.[446]
Maria Goeppert-Mayer.jpg Maria Goeppert Mayer June 28, 1906
Kattowitz, Germany
February 20, 1972
San Diego, California, Germany
1958 Won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly.[447][448]
Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen (1907–1973).jpg Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen June 25, 1907
Hamburg, Germany
February 11, 1973
Heidelberg, Germany
1958
Blank.png Bogdan Kamieński March 14, 1897
Oswiecim, Poland
August 9, 1973
Kraków, Poland
1958 Nominated the only time by F.Polak.[449]
Blank.png Max Mousseron May 30, 1902
Sorgues, France
March 1, 1988
Montpellier, France
1958 Nominated the only time by Adrien Perret Gentil (1901-1962) from the University of Neuchâtel.[450]
Blank.png Yoshiyuki Toyama 1896
Tokyo, Japan
?
Japan
1958 Nominated the only time by I.Miyagawa from the Nagoya University.[451]
Zavoisky.JPG Yevgeny Zavoisky September 28, 1907
Mohyliv-Podil's'kyi, Ukraine
October 9, 1976
Moscow, Russia
1958, 1960 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[452]
Blank.png Gerold Schwarzenbach March 15, 1904
Horgen, Switzerland
May 20, 1978
Zürich, Switzerland
1958, 1960, 1963, 1964, 1965 [453]
Blank.png Herman Francis Mark May 3, 1895
Vienna, Austria
April 6, 1992
Austin, Texas, United States
1958, 1965 [454][455]
Blank.png Jean Brachet March 19, 1909
Etterbeek, Belgium
August 10, 1988
Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
1958, 1966 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. [456]
John Kendrew Nobel.jpg John Kendrew March 24, 1917
Oxford, England
August 23, 1997
Cambridge, England
1959, 1961, 1962, 1963 Won the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with M.Perutz.[457]
Arthur Kornberg 1969 B.jpg Arthur Kornberg March 3, 1918
New York City, United States
October 26, 2007
Palo Alto, United States
1959 Won the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with S.Ochoa.[458]
Feodor Lynen with pipette.jpg Feodor Lynen April 6, 1911
Munich, Germany
August 6, 1979
Munich, Germany
1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965 Won the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with K.Bloch.[459]
Blank.png David Ezra Green August 5, 1910
New York City, United States
July 8, 1983
Madison, Wisconsin, United States
1959 Nominated jointly with F.Lynen the only time by Padubidri Subbaraya Sarma (1917-1970) from the University of Madras.[460]
Blank.png Francis Owen Rice May 20, 1890
Liverpool, England
March 15, 1989
Indiana, United States
1959 Nominated the only time by Charles Alexander McDowell (1918-2001) from the University of British Columbia.[461]
Blank.png Günter Scheibe November 24, 1893
Munich, Germany
May 31, 1980
Stuttgart, Germany
1959 Nominated the only time by Otto Neunhoeffer.[462]
Blank.png Frederick Rossini July 18, 1899
Monongahela, Pennsylvania, United States
October 12, 1990
Juno Beach, Florida, United States
1959 Nominated jointly the only time by Edouard Jean-Pierre Calvet (1895-1966) from the Aix-Marseille University.[463][464]
Blank.png M. Jean Chedin ? ? 1959
Blank.png Bror Alexander Ludvig Holmberg July 30, 1881
Blekinge, Sweden
September 7, 1966
Stockholm, Sweden
1959 Nominated jointly with W.Kuhn and H.Meerwein the only time by Karl Freudenberg.[465]
Michael Polanyi.png Michael Polanyi March 11, 189
Budapest, Hungary
February 22, 1976
Northampton, England
1959, 1960 Nominated jointly with H.Eyring only and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[466]
Blank.png Egon Wiberg June 3, 1901
Güstrow, Germany
November 24, 1976
Munich, Germany
1959, 1965 [467]
Walter Hermann Schottky (1886-1976).jpg Walter Hans Schottsky July 23, 1886
Zürich, Switzerland
March 4, 1976
Pretzfeld, Germany
1959, 1966 Nominated jointly with Carl Wagner only and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[468]
Blank.png William Gardner Pfann October 27, 1917
Brooklyn, United States
October 22, 1982
New York, United States
1959, 1960, 1965, 1966 [469]

1st nomination in 1960-1966[]

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
Blank.png Derek Barton September 8, 1918
Gravesend, England
March 16, 1998
College Station, Texas, United States
1960, 1961, 1962, 163, 1964, 1965, 1966 Won the 1969 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly.[470][471]
Odd Hassel.jpg Odd Hassel May 17, 1897
Oslo, Norway
May 11, 1981
Oslo, Norway
1960, 1963, 1965, 1966
Ilya Prigogine 1977c.jpg Ilya Prigogine January 25, 1917
Moscow, Russia
May 28, 2003
Brussels, Belgium
1960, 1966 Won the 1977 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[472]
James D Watson.jpg James Watson April 6, 1928
Chicago, United States
1960, 1962 Won the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly.[473][474][475]
Francis Crick crop.jpg Francis Crick June 8, 1916
Weston Favell, England
July 28, 2004
San Diego, United States
1960, 1962
Maurice Wilkins nobel.jpg Maurice Wilkins December 15, 1916
Pongaroa, New Zealand
October 5, 2004
London, England
1960, 1962
Alfred Hershey.jpg Alfred Hershey December 4, 1908
Owosso, Michigan, United States
May 22, 1997
Syosset, New York, United States
1960 Won the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with M.Delbrück and S.Luria.[476]
Blank.png Wilhelm Gerhard Burgers August 16, 1897
Arnhem, Netherlands
September 24, 1988
Amsterdam, Netherlands
1960 Nominated the only time by Ant.El. (Toos) Korvezee.[477]
Blank.png Martin Deutsch January 29, 1917
Vienna, Austria
August 16, 2002
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
1960 Nominated the only time by W.Lamb and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[478]
Dr Andrew Benson 2007.jpg Andrew Benson September 24, 1917
Modesto, California, United States
January 16, 2015
La Jolla, United States
1960 Nominated jointly with M.Calvin the only time by R.H.Burris and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. [479]
Howard Cary from Scott, F. S. (1930) The Big T, California Institute of Technology.png Howard Cary May 3, 1908
Los Angeles, United States
December 20, 1991
Orange, California, United States
1960 Nominated jointly the only time by Wouter (Wout) Berends (1914-1990) from the Delft_University_of_Technology.[480][481]
Arnold Beckman early portrait 2.65.tif Arnold Orville Beckman April 10, 1900
Cullom, Illinois, United States
May 18, 2004
La Jolla, United States
1960
Blank.png Jo Engl August 6, 1893
Munich, Germany
April 8, 1942
New York City, United States
1960 Nominated jointly the only time by Albert Narath (1900-1974) from Technical University of Berlin.[482][483][484]
Blank.png Joseph Massolle March 24, 1889
Bielefeld, Germany
April 2, 1957
Berlin, Germany
1960
Blank.png Hans Vogt September 25, 1890
Rehau, Germany
December 4, 1979
Obernzell, Germany
1960
Blank.png Roger John Williams August 14, 1893
Ooty, India
February 20, 1988
Austin, Texas, United States
1960 [485]
Martha Chase.jpg Martha Cowles Chase November 30, 1927
Cleveland, Ohio, United States
August 8, 2003
Lorain, Ohio, United States
1960 Nominated jointly with A.Hershey, A.Gierer, H.Fraenkel-Conrat and G.Schramm the only time by J.H.Northrop.[486]
Blank.png Alfred Gierer April 15, 1929
Berlin, Germany
1960, 1962 Nominated by J.H.Northrop only.[487]
Blank.png Gerhard Schramm June 27, 1910
Kanagawa, Japan
February 3, 1969
Tübingen, Germany
1960, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966 [488]
Blank.png John G. Aston 1903
United States
August 6, 1990
State College, Pennsylvania, United States[489]
1960, 1966 [490]
Eigen,Manfred 1996 Göttingen.jpg Manfred Eigen May 9, 1927
Bochum, Germany
February 6, 2019
Göttingen, Germany
1960, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966 Won the 1967 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with G.Porter.[491][492]
Ronald George Wreyford Norrish.jpg Ronald George Wreyford Norrish November 9, 1897
Cambridge, England
June 7, 1978
Cambridge, England
1961, 1964, 1965, 1966
Konrad Bloch 1963.jpg Konrad Emil Bloch January 21, 1912
Nysa, Poland
October 15, 2000
Burlington, Massachusetts, United States
1961, 1962, 1963, 1964 Won the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with F.Lynen.[493]
Blank.png Torbjörn Caspersson October 15, 1910
Motala, Sweden
December 7, 1997
Stockholm, Sweden
1961 Nominated the only time by Víctor Alejandro Tapia Freses (b. 1905) from Lima and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "The role of nucleic acids, in particular RNA, in cellular protein synthesis"[494][495]
Blank.png Leslie Orgel January 12, 1927
London, England
October 27, 2007
San Diego, United States
1961 Nominated the only time by H.Erlenmeyer.[496][497]
Blank.png Pierre Van Rysselberghe May 18, 1905
Brussels, Belgium
1977
United States[498]
1961 Nominated the only time by Giuseppe Bianchi (1919-1996) from University of Milan.[499]
Blank.png Efraim Racker June 28, 1913
Nowy Sacz, Poland
September 9, 1991
Syracuse, New York, United States
1961 Nominated jointly with L.F.Leloir and B.L.Horecker the only time by F.M.Haurowitz.[500]
Blank.png Robert Corey August 19, 1897
Springfield (Massachusetts), United States
April 23, 1971
Pasadena, California, United States
1961, 1962 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too.[501]
Chaudron Georges 1973.JPG Georges Chaudron April 29, 1891
Fontenay-sous-Bois, France
March 4, 1976
Paris, France
1961, 1963, 1964, 1965 [502]
Blank.png Bo Lars Gunnar Sillén July 11, 1916
Stockholm, Sweden
July 23, 1970
Stockholm, Sweden
1961, 1964, 1965 [503]
Britton Chance (1965).jpg Britton Chance July 24, 1913
Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, United States
November 16, 2010
Philadelphia, United States
1961, 1964, 1965, 1966 [504]
JMBijvoet1931.jpg Johannes Martin Bijvoet January 23, 1982
Amsterdam, Netherlands
March 4, 1980
Winterswijk, Netherlands
1961, 1964, 1966 [505]
Blank.png Harry George Drickamer November 19, 1918
Cleveland, Ohio, United States
May 6, 2002
Urbana, Illinois, United States
1961, 1965, 1966 [506]
Blank.png Daniel Israel Arnon November 14, 1910
Warsaw, Poland
December 20, 1994
Berkeley, California, United States
1961, 1962, 1965, 1966 [507]
Blank.png Ernst Otto Fischer November 10, 1918
Munich, Germany
July 23, 2007
Munich, Germany
1962 Won the 1973 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with G.Wilkinson.[508]
Louis Néel 1970b.jpg Louis Néel November 22, 1904
Lyon, France
November 17, 2000
Brive-la-Gaillarde, France
1962, 1964 Won the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physics.[509]
Blank.png Nikolay Vasilyevich Belov December 14, 1891
Janow Lubelski, Poland
March 6, 1982
Moscow, Russia
1962 Nominated the only time by Arne Ölander and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[510]
Blank.png Maurice Stacey April 8, 1907
Shropshire, England
October 9, 1994
Birmingham, England
1962 Nominated the only time by John Colin Tatlow (1923-2008) from the University of Birmingham.[511]
Blank.png Tadeusz Urbanski October 26, 1901
Krasnodar, Russia
May 29, 1985
Warsaw, Poland
1962 Nominated the only time by F.Polak.[512]
Blank.png Karl-Wolfgang Mundry March 16, 1927
Hildesheim, Germany
May 6, 2009
Stuttgart, Germany
1962 Nominated jointly with A.Gierer the only time by J.H.Northrop.[513]
Blank.png Peter Pauson July 30, 1925
Bamberg, Germany
December 10, 2013
Glasgow, Scotland
1962 [514]
Blank.png Clemens Josef Schöpf August 12, 1899
Gersfeld, Germany
December 17, 1970
Darmstadt, Germany
1962 [515]
Blank.png Sanʼichirō Mizushima March 21, 1899
Tokyo, Japan
August 3, 1983
Tokyo, Japan
1962, 1964 [516]
Blank.png Alexander Pavlovich Vinogradov August 21, 1895
Tutayev, Russia
November 16, 1975
Moscow, Russia
1962, 1964, 1965 [517]
Blank.png Louis Plack Hammett April 7, 1894
Wilmington, Delaware, United States
February 9, 1987
Medford, New Jersey, United States
1962, 1963, 1964, 1965 [518]
Carl Djerassi HD2004 AIC Gold Medal crop.JPG Carl Djerassi October 29, 1923
Vienna, Austria
January 30, 2015
San Francisco, United States
1962, 1964, 1965, 1966 [519]
Blank.png Herbert Charles Brown May 22, 1912
London, England
December 19, 2004
Lafayette, Indiana, United States
1963, 1964, 1966 Won the 1979 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with G.Wittig.[520]
Har Gobind Khorana nobel.jpg Har Gobind Khorana January 9, 1922
Raipur, Pakistan
November 9, 2011
Concord, Massachusetts, United States
1963, 1965, 1966 Won the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with M.W.Nirenberg and R.W.Holley.[521]
Blank.png James Baddiley May 15, 1918
Manchester, England
November 17, 2008
Cambridge, England
1963 Nominated the only time by T.R.Seshadri.[522]
Blank.png Wilhelm Ludwig August Geilmann May 16, 1891
Unterrieden, Germany
May 24, 1967
Mainz, Germany
1963 Nominated the only time by Fr.Strassmann.[523]
Blank.png Dionýz Ilkovič January 18, 1907
Šarišský Štiavnik, Slovakia
August 3, 1980
Bratislava, Slovakia
1963 Nominated the only time by Pandarinath Bhuvanendra Janardhan (b.1921) from the University of Madras.[524]
Blank.png Noel Bryan Slater July 29, 1912
Blackburn, England
January 31, 1973
London, England
1963 Nominated the only time by René Gibert (1908-1968) from École nationale supérieure des industries chimiques.[525]
Blank.png Gunnar Blix September 7, 1894
Lund, Sweden
June 10, 1981
Uppsala, Sweden
1963 Nominated jointly the only time by Serge David (1921-2013) from École nationale supérieure des industries chimiques.[526][527]
Blank.png Ernst Klenk October 14, 1896
Pfalzgrafenweiler, Germany
December 29, 1971
Cologne, Germany
1963
Blank.png John Monteath Robertson July 24, 1900
Auchterarder, Scotland
September 27, 1989
Inverness, Scotland
1963 Nominated jointly with D. Crowfoot Hodgkin the only time by R.Robinson.[528]
Blank.png Edgar Bright Wilson Jr. December 18, 1908
Gallatin, Tennessee, United States
June 12, 1992
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
1963 Nominated jointly with R.S.Mulliken and G.Herzberg the only time by Per-Olov Löwdin.[529]
Blank.png Stanley Bruckenstein November 1, 1927
New York City, United States
1963 Nominated jointly with Iz.Kolthoff the only time by J.Koskikallio.[530]
Blank.png Alberte Bucher Pullman August 26, 1920
Nantes, France
January 7, 2011
Paris, France
1963, 1965 Only nominated jointly.[531][532]
Blank.png Bernard Pullman March 19, 1919
Wloclawek, Poland
June 9, 1996
Paris, France
1963, 1965
Blank.png Fritz Arndt July 6, 1885
Hamburg, Germany
December 8, 1969
Hamburg, Germany
1963, 1964, 1965, 1966 Nominated by K.Freudenberg only.[533]
Blank.png Neil Bartlett September 15, 1932
Newcastle upon Tyne, England
August 5, 2008
Walnut Creek, California, United States
1963, 1964, 1965, 1966 [534]
Blank.png Alfred Valentin Champagnat November 2, 1908
Marseille, France
December 13, 1984
Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine, France
1963, 1966 [535]
Blank.png Saul Winstein October 8, 1912
Montreal, Canada
November 23, 1969
Los Angeles, United States
1963, 1966 [536]
Blank.png Charles Coulson December 13, 1910
Dudley, England
January 7, 1974
Oxford, England
1964 Nominated the only time by H.Erlenmeyer.[537]
Blank.png Edmund Hirst July 21, 1898
Lancashire, England
October 29, 1975
Edinburgh, Scotland
1964 Nominated the only time by Wesley Cocker (1908-2007) from the Trinity College Dublin.[538]
Blank.png Alexander Oparin March 2, 1894
Uglich, Russia
April 21, 1980
Moscow, Russia
1964 Nominated the only time by Ern.Kahane.[539]
Blank.png Gopalasamudram Narayana Ramachandran October 8, 1922
Ernakulam, India
April 7, 2001
Chennai, India
1964 Nominated the only time by C. V. Raman.[540]
Blank.png Émile-Florent Terroine January 21, 1882
Paris, France
October 24, 1974
Paris, France
1964 Nominated the only time by Paul V. Creach from the University of Bordeaux.[541]
PaulZamecnik1966.jpg Paul Zamecnik November 22, 1912
Cleveland, Ohio, United States
October 27, 2009
Boston, United States
1964 Nominated the only time by V.Koningsberger.[542]
GMSchwab1.jpg Georg-Maria Schwab February 3, 1899
Berlin, Germany
December 23, 1984
Munich, Germany
1964 Nominated jointly with C.Wagner the only time by Frank Matossi (1902-1968) from the University of Freiburg.[543]
Blank.png František Šorm February 28, 1913
Prague, Czechia
November 18, 1980
Prague, Czechia
1964 [544]
Blank.png Kaoru Yamafuji 1933
Japan
?
Japan
1964 [545]
Arthurholmesin1912.jpg Arthur Holmes January 14, 1890
Hebburn, England
September 20, 1965
London, England
1964, 1965 Nominated jointly with Al.P.Vinogradov by N.N.Semenov only.[546]
Blank.png John Gunnar Malm June 24, 1921
Chicago, United States
May 11, 1999
Naperville, Illinois, United States[547]
1964, 1965 Only nominated jointly.[548][549][550][551]
Blank.png Howard H. Claassen 1918
Hillsboro, Kansas, United States
December 27, 2010
Tacoma, Washington, United States[552]
1964, 1965, 1966
Blank.png Henry H. Selig 1927
Frankfurt, Germany
October 21, 2014 [553] 1964, 1965, 1966
EKatzir771.jpg Ephraim Katzir May 16, 1916
Kiev, Ukraine
May 30, 2009
Rehovot, Israel
1964, 1966 4th President of the Israel (1973 – 1978).[554]
Blank.png Bernd Theodor Matthias June 8, 1918
Frankfurt, Germany
October 27, 1980
La Jolla, United States
1964, 1966 Nominated by C.J.Gorter only and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[555]
John Cornforth 1975.jpg John Warcup Cornforth Jr. September 7, 1917
Sydney, Australia
December 8, 2013
Sussex, England
1965, 1966 Won the 1975 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[556]
Jacques Monod nobel.jpg Jacques Monod February 9, 1910
Paris, France
May 31, 1976
Cannes, France
1965 Won the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with A.Lwoff.[557][558]
François Jacob nobel.jpg J Jacob June 17, 1920
Nancy, France
April 19, 2013
Paris, France
1965
Blank.png Paul Doughty Bartlett August 14, 1907
Ann Arbor, United States
October 11, 1997
Lexington, Massachusetts, United States
1965 Nominated the only time by Ch.C.Price, III.[559]
Blank.png Erwin Chargaff August 11, 1905
Chernivtsi, now Ukraine
June 20, 2002
New York City, United States
1965 Nominated the only time by Warren Myron Sperry (1900-1990) from the New York State Psychiatric Institute.[560]
Blank.png G. I. Arnon
(prob. Daniel I. Arnon)
? ? 1965 [561]
Blank.png Salomon Cohen
(prob. Seymour S. Cohen)
April 30, 1917 Brooklyn, USA December 30, 2018 1965 Nominated the only time by James Frederic Hazel (b.1905) from the University of Pennsylvania and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. [562]
Blank.png Oganes K. Davtyan April 15, 1911
Akhuryan, Armenia[563]
December 28, 1990
Yerevan, Armenia
1965 Nominated the only time by W.Tomassi.[564]
Blank.png Ulick Richardson Evans March 31, 1889
London, England
April 3, 1980
Cambridge, England
1965 Nominated the only time by Karl Gustaf (Gösta) Wranglén (b.1923) from the KTH Royal Institute of Technology.[565]
Blank.png Stanley George Mason March 20, 1914
Montreal, Canada
April 21, 1987
Quebec, Canada
1965 Nominated the only time by Bruce Lionel Funt (1924-2013) from the University of Manitoba.[566]
Iwan Stranski.jpg Ivan Stranski January 2, 1897
Sofia, Bulgaria
June 19, 1979
Sofia, Bulgaria
1965 Nominated the only time by G.-M.Schwab.[567]
Blank.png Geoffrey Ingram Taylor March 7, 1886
London, England
June 27, 1975
Cambridge, England
1965 Nominated the only time by Borut Marincek (1915-2004) from ETH Zurich and for the Nobel Prize in Physics too.[568]
Blank.png Henrik Gunnar Lundegårdh October 23, 1888
Stockholm, Sweden
November 19, 1969
Norrtälje, Sweden
1965 Nominated jointly with D.I.Arnon the only time by M.G.Stålfelt.[569]
Rudolf Hoppe Chemist (ca. 1990).jpg Rudolf Hoppe October 29, 1922
Wittenberge, Germany
November 24, 2014
Giessen, Germany
1965 Nominated jointly with N.Bartlett, H.H.Claassen, H.H.Selig and J.G.Malm the only time by W.Klemm.[570]
Blank.png Leonard (Len) E. Mortenson 1928
Melrose, Massachusetts, United States
October 30, 2017
Willow Street, Pennsylvania, United States[571]
1965 Nominated jointly the only time by C.Martius from ETH Zurich.[572][573][574]
Blank.png Raymond Carlyle Valentine 1936 1965
Blank.png James Elliot Carnahan January 26, 1920
Outagamie County, Wisconsin, United States
March 25, 1996
Stanton, Delaware, United States[575]
1965
Blank.png André Guinier August 1, 1911
Nancy, France
July 3, 2000
Paris, France
1965 Nominated the only time by Kratky.[576]
Blank.png Otto Kratky March 9, 1902
Vienna, Austria
February 11, 1995
Graz, Austria
1965 [577]
Blank.png Charles Prévost March 20, 1899
Champlitte, France
July 11, 1983
Paris, France
1965, 1966 [578]
Blank.png Jean Roche January 14, 1901
Sorgues, France
May 24, 1992
Montpellier, France
1965, 1966 Nominated by C.Heymans only.[579]
CSIRO ScienceImage 1107 Sir Alan Walsh 19161998 the father of atomic absorption spectroscopy.jpg Alan Walsh December 19, 1916
Hoddlesden, England
August 3, 1998
Melbourne, Australia
1965, 1966 Nominated by A.L.G.Rees only.[580]
Blank.png George Joseph Popják May 5, 1914
Kiskundorozsma, Hungary
December 30, 1998
Westwood, Los Angeles, United States
1965, 1966 Nominated jointly with J.W.Cornforth Jr. only.[581]
Blank.png Albert Eschenmoser August 5, 1925
Erstfeld, Switzerland
1965, 1966 Nominated jointly with C.Djerassi by Secretary General of IUPAC Rudolf Morf only.[582]
Blank.png Alfred Rieche April 28, 1902
Dortmund, Germany
November 6, 2001
Berlin, Germany
1965, 1966 Nominated jointly with G.Wittig by K.Freudenberg only.[583][584]
Blank.png Rudolf Criegee May 23, 1902
Düsseldorf, Germany
November 7, 1975
Karlsruhe, Germany
1965, 1966
Marshall Nirenberg 2003.jpg Marshall Warren Nirenberg April 10, 1927
New York City, United States
January 15, 2010
New York City, United States
1965, 1966 Won the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with H.G.Khorana.[585][586]
Robert W. Holley nobel.jpg Robert William Holley January 28, 1922
Urbana, Illinois, United States
February 11, 1993
Los Gatos, California, United States
1966
Blank.png Stanford Moore September 4, 1913
Chicago, United States
August 23, 1982
New York City, United States
1966 Won the 1972 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly.[587][588]
Blank.png William Howard Stein June 25, 1911
New York City, United States
February 2, 1980
New York City, United States
1966
Blank.png Richard Barrer June 16, 1910
Wellington, New Zealand
September 12, 1996
Chislehurst, England
1966 Nominated the only time by F.Polak.[589]
Blank.png Bernard Halpern November 2, 1904
Tarnoruda, now Ukraine
September 23, 1978
Paris, France
1966 Nominated the only time by B.Pullman and for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too. "Synthetic antihistamine compounds"[590][591]
Blank.png Kurt Bruno Hannig [592] May 26, 1920
Liberec, Czechia
January 20, 1993 1966 Nominated the only time by R.L.M.Synge.[593]
Blank.png James Franklin Hyde March 11, 1903
Solvay, New York, United States
October 11, 1999
Marco Island, Florida, United States
1966 Nominated the only time by E.G.Rochow.[594]
Blank.png Arthur Lüttringhaus July 6, 1906
Cologne, Germany
May 27, 1992
Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
1966 Nominated the only time by P.Ad.Thiessen.[595]
Blank.png Edwin Theodore Mertz December 6, 1909
Missoula, Montana, United States
February 1, 1999
Richardson, Texas, United States
1966 Nominated the only time by Gerard R. Pomerat (1901-1980) from the Rockefeller Foundation.[596]
Blank.png Robert Schwyzer December 8, 1920
Zürich, Switzerland
September 29, 2015
Bülach, Switzerland
1966 Nominated the only time by P.Karrer.[597]
Blank.png Thiruvengadam Rajendram Seshadri February 3, 1900
Kulithalai, India
September 27, 1975
New Delhi, India
1966 Nominated the only time by Nanduri Venkata Subba Rao (1916-1976) from Osmania University.[598]
Kennethpitzer.jpg Kenneth Pitzer January 6, 1914
Pomona, California, United States
December 26, 1997
Berkeley, California, United States
1966 Nominated jointly with John G. Aston the only time by Arne Fredga.[599]
Blank.png Laurens Lambertus Marie van Deenen August 14, 1928
Maastricht, Netherlands
September 4, 1994
Bilthoven, Netherlands
1966 Nominated jointly the only time by Leonard Saunders from UCL School of Pharmacy.[600][601]
Blank.png G. Horrëus de Haas[602] September 20, 1931
The Hague, Netherlands
November 26, 2006
Utrecht, Netherlands
1966
Blank.png Charles Louis Marie Claude Vernet January 12, 1924
Châteauneuf-de-Gadagne, France
March 31, 2015
Avignon, France
1966 Nominated jointly with Alfred V. Champagnat the only time by R.Schultze.[603][604][605]
Blank.png Bernard Maurice Lainé April 4, 1933
Paris, France
January 13, 2013
Paris, France
1966
Blank.png Jean Antoine Filosa 1966
SolSpiegelman.jpg Sol Spiegelman December 14, 1914
Brooklyn, United States
January 20, 1983
New York City, United States
1966 Nominated jointly with J.L.A.Brachet only.[606]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  2. ^ "Guide to Nobel Prize". Britannica. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
  3. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911". Nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on 19 October 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
  4. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  5. ^ "Nomination Archive – Emil Fischer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  6. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Emil Fischer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  7. ^ "Nomination Archive – Svante Arrhenius". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  8. ^ "Nomination Archive – Henri Moissan". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  9. ^ "Nomination Archive – Zdenko Skraup". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  10. ^ "Nomination Archive – Marcellin Berthelot". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  11. ^ "Nomination Archive – William Pope". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  12. ^ "Nomination Archive – William Ramsay". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  13. ^ "Nomination Archive – Adolf von Baeyer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  14. ^ "Nomination Archive – Theodore Richards". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  15. ^ "Nomination Archive – Rudolf Knietsch". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  16. ^ "Nomination Archive – Johannes Wislicenus". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  17. ^ "Nomination Archive – Wolcott Gibbs". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  18. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edward Morley". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  19. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Armand Gautier". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  20. ^ "Nomination Archive – Armand Gautier". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  21. ^ "Nomination Archive – Harmon Morse". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  22. ^ "Nomination Archive – Wilhelm Ostwald". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  23. ^ "Nomination Archive – Eduard Buchner". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  24. ^ "Nomination Archive – Dmitri Mendeleev". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  25. ^ "Nomination Archive – Giacomo Ciamician". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  26. ^ "Nomination Archive – Henry Le Châtelier". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  27. ^ "Nomination Archive – Walther Nernst". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  28. ^ "Nomination Archive – Victor Grignard". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  29. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Sabatier". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  30. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ernest Lord Rutherford". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  31. ^ "Nomination Archive – Otto Wallach". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  32. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alfred Werner". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  33. ^ "Nomination Archive – Fredrik Kjellin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  34. ^ "Nomination Archive – Stanislao Canizzaro". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  35. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sophus Jörgensen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  36. ^ "Nomination Archive – William Crookes". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  37. ^ "Nomination Archive – Heinrich Caro". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  38. ^ "Nomination Archive – Adolph Frank". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  39. ^ "Nomination Archive – Samuel Eyde". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  40. ^ "Nomination Archive – Kristian Birkeland". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  41. ^ "Nomination Archive – Theodor Curtius". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  42. ^ "Nomination Archive – Albin Haller". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  43. ^ "Nomination Archive – Richard Willstätter". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  44. ^ "Nomination Archive – Frederick Soddy". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  45. ^ "Nomination Archive – Albrecht Kossel". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  46. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gustaf de Laval". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  47. ^ "Nomination Archive – Georg Lunge". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  48. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arthur Hantzsch". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  49. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edmund von Lippmann". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  50. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hans Landolt". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  51. ^ "Nomination Archive – Otto Schönherr". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  52. ^ "Nomination Archive – Carl Engler". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  53. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jean Senderens". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  54. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for G.Bertrand". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  55. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gabriel Bertrand". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  56. ^ "Nomination Archive – Carl Liebermann". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  57. ^ "Nomination Archive – Walthère Spring". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  58. ^ "Nomination Archive – Pierre Martin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  59. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sir James Dewar". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  60. ^ "Nomination Archive – Heike Kamerlingh Onnes". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  61. ^ "Nomination Archive – Marie Curie". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  62. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Ehrlich". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  63. ^ Jump up to: a b "Nomination Archive – Motivation for P.Ehrlich&S.Hata". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  64. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sahachiro Hata". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  65. ^ "Nomination Archive – William Perkin Jr". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  66. ^ "Nomination Archive – Angelo Angeli". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  67. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gustav Tammann". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  68. ^ "Nomination Archive – Fritz Haber". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  69. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hilaire de Chardonnet". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  70. ^ "Nomination Archive – Philippe Barbier". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  71. ^ "Nomination Archive – Georges Urbain". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  72. ^ "Nomination Archive – Richard Zsigmondy". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  73. ^ "Nomination Archive – Karol Olszewski". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  74. ^ "Nomination Archive – Theodor Zincke". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  75. ^ Jump up to: a b "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Küster&Marchlewski". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  76. ^ "Nomination Archive – William Küster". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  77. ^ "Nomination Archive – Leon Marchlewski". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  78. ^ "Nomination Archive – Carl Harries". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  79. ^ "Nomination Archive – Albert Recoura". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  80. ^ "Nomination Archive – Otto Hahn". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  81. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ernst Schmidt". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  82. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alexander Tschirch". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  83. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Walden". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  84. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sir William Henry Bragg". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  85. ^ "Nomination Archive – Henry Moseley". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  86. ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Galton Darwin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  87. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edouard Branly". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  88. ^ "Die Dozenten der Universität Zürich (S.692) – Herzfeld Eugen" (PDF). archiv.uzh.ch (in German). Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  89. ^ "Nomination Archive – Eugen Herzfeld". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  90. ^ "Nomination Archive – Emanuele Paterno". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  91. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Emil Abderhalden". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  92. ^ "Nomination Archive – Emil Abderhalden". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  93. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jean Baptiste Perrin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  94. ^ "Nomination Archive – Theodor Svedberg". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  95. ^ "Nomination Archive – Carl Bosch". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  96. ^ "Nomination Archive – Emile Bourquelot". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  97. ^ "Nomination Archive – Frank Clarke". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  98. ^ "Nomination Archive – Felix Ehrlich". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  99. ^ "Nomination Archive – Joseph Eder". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  100. ^ "Nomination Archive – Amé Pictet". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  101. ^ "Nomination Archive – Knut Jacob Beskow". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  102. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arthur Ramén". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  103. ^ "Nomination Archive – Philippe-Auguste Guye". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  104. ^ "Nomination Archive – Amé Pictet". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  105. ^ Jump up to: a b "Nomination Archive – Motivation for H.Hamburger&S.P.L.Sørensen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  106. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hartog Hamburger". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  107. ^ "Nomination Archive – Mikhail Tsvet". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  108. ^ "Nomination Archive – Wilhelm Schlenk". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  109. ^ "Nomination Archive – Martinus Beijerinck". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  110. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edward Curtis Franklin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  111. ^ "Nomination Archive – Niels Bohr". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  112. ^ "Nomination Archive – Otto Fischer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  113. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arthur Noyes". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  114. ^ "Nomination Archive – Emilio Noelting". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  115. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ossian Aschan". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  116. ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Moureu". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  117. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sören Sörensen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  118. ^ "Nomination Archive – Herbert Freundlich". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  119. ^ "Nomination Archive – Moses Gomberg". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  120. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Sergei Winogradsky". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  121. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sergei Winogradsky". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  122. ^ "Nomination Archive – Francis Aston". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  123. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arnold Holleman". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  124. ^ "Nomination Archive – Carl Auer von Welsbach". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  125. ^ "Nomination Archive – Nikodem Caro". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  126. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gilbert N. Lewis". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  127. ^ "Nomination Archive – Henry Siedentopf". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  128. ^ "Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 48(4), July–August 2008, 550-553 "Frederick Belding Power 1853–1927: Pioneer pharmaceutical scientist"". sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  129. ^ "Nomination Archive – Frederick Power". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  130. ^ "Nomination Archive – Heinrich Wieland". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  131. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hans von Euler-Chelpin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  132. ^ "Nomination Archive – George de Hevesy". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  133. ^ "Nomination Archive – Friedrich Emich". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  134. ^ "Nomination Archive – Dirk Coster". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  135. ^ "Nomination Archive – Lise Meitner". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  136. ^ "Nomination Archive – André Debierne". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  137. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for John Jacob Abel". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  138. ^ "Nomination Archive – John Jacob Abel". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  139. ^ "Nomination Archive – Adolf Windaus". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  140. ^ "Nomination Archive – Fritz Foerster". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  141. ^ "Nomination Archive – Piero Ginori Conti". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  142. ^ "Nomination Archive – Giuseppe Oddo". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  143. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Casimir Funk". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  144. ^ "Nomination Archive – Casimir Funk". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  145. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Pascal". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  146. ^ "Nomination Archive – Irving Langmuir". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  147. ^ "Nomination Archive – Petrus Debye". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  148. ^ "Nomination Archive – Frederick Hopkins". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  149. ^ "Nomination Archive – Herbert Baker". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  150. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ernst Cohen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  151. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Olof Hammarsten". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  152. ^ "Nomination Archive – Olof Hammarsten". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  153. ^ "Nomination Archive – Julius Bredt". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  154. ^ "Nomination Archive – Kurt Peters". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  155. ^ "Nomination Archive – Friedrich Adolf Paneth". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  156. ^ "Nomination Archive – Niels Bjerrum". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  157. ^ "Nomination Archive – Robert Robinson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  158. ^ "Nomination Archive – Samuel Lind". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  159. ^ "Nomination Archive – Kasimir Fajans". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  160. ^ "Nomination Archive – Bruno Tacke". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  161. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hans Fischer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  162. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alfred F Hess". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  163. ^ Jump up to: a b "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Alfred Hess&Steenbock". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  164. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alfred Hess". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  165. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arthur Harden". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  166. ^ "Nomination Archive – Friedrich Bergius". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  167. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sir Walter Norman Haworth". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  168. ^ "Nomination Archive – Otto Warburg". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  169. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for G.Barger&Ch.Harington". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  170. ^ "Nomination Archive – George Barger". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  171. ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Harington". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  172. ^ "Nomination Archive – Kurt Bennewitz". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  173. ^ "Nomination Archive – Johannes van Laar". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  174. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alfred Stock". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  175. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Carl Neuberg". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  176. ^ "Nomination Archive – Carl Neuberg". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  177. ^ "Nomination Archive – Frédéric Swarts". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  178. ^ "Nomination Archive – Max Bodenstein". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  179. ^ "Nomination Archive – Otto Ruff". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  180. ^ "Nomination Archive – Victor Goldschmidt". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  181. ^ "Nomination Archive – Johannes Brönsted". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  182. ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Dufraisse". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  183. ^ "Nomination Archive – Percy Bridgman". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  184. ^ "Nomination Archive – Carl F. Schmidt". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  185. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arnold Eucken". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  186. ^ "Nomination Archive – Karl-Friedrich O Bonhoeffer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  187. ^ "Nomination Archive – Leopold Ruzicka". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  188. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hermann Staudinger". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  189. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Werner Schulemann". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  190. ^ "Nomination Archive – Werner Schulemann". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  191. ^ "Nomination Archive – Karl von Auwers". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  192. ^ "Nomination Archive – Frederick Donnan". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  193. ^ "Nomination Archive – Peter Klason". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  194. ^ "Nomination Archive – James Irvine". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  195. ^ "Nomination Archive – Werner Kuhn". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  196. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Karrer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  197. ^ "Nomination Archive – Richard Kuhn". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  198. ^ "Nomination Archive – Otto Diels". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  199. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Gustav Embden". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  200. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gustav Embden". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  201. ^ "Nomination Archive – Walter Noddack". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  202. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ida Noddack". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  203. ^ "Nomination Archive – Artturi Virtanen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  204. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ernst Späth". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  205. ^ "Nomination Archive – Emil Votocek". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  206. ^ "Nomination Archive – Adolf Butenandt". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  207. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jaroslav Heyrovský". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  208. ^ "Nomination Archive – Harold Clayton Urey". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  209. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edward Washburn". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  210. ^ "Nomination Archive – Louis Maillard". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  211. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Fritz Kögl". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  212. ^ "Nomination Archive – Fritz Kögl". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  213. ^ "Nomination Archive – Erik Hägglund". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  214. ^ "Nomination Archive – Frédéric Joliot". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  215. ^ "Nomination Archive – Irène Joliot-Curie". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  216. ^ "Nomination Archive – Enrico Fermi". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  217. ^ "Nomination Archive – George Curme". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  218. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Phoebus Levene". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  219. ^ "Nomination Archive – Phoebus Levene". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  220. ^ "The Electrochemical Society – Colin G. Fink". electrochem.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  221. ^ "Nomination Archive – Colin Fink". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  222. ^ "Nomination Archive – Max Bergmann". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  223. ^ "Nomination Archive – William Giauque". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  224. ^ "Nomination Archive – Kurt Alder". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  225. ^ "Nomination Archive – William Arthur Bone". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  226. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jacob Heslinga". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  227. ^ "Nomination Archive – Henri ter Meulen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  228. ^ "Nomination Archive – Otto Hönigschmid". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  229. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jens Möller". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  230. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Umetaro Suzuki". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  231. ^ "Nomination Archive – Umetaro Suzuki". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  232. ^ "Nomination Archive – Wojciech Swiętosławski". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  233. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hugo Theorell". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  234. ^ "Nomination Archive – Marc Tiffeneau". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  235. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arthur Binz". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  236. ^ "Nomination Archive – Curt Räth". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  237. ^ Christoph de Haen X-ray Contrast Agent Technology: A Revolutionary History, p. 62 (CRC Press and Taylor&Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida 2019)
  238. ^ "Nomination Archive – Franz Fischer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  239. ^ "Nomination Archive – Fritz Hofmann". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  240. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gustaf Komppa". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  241. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Harteck". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  242. ^ "Nomination Archive – Fritz London". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  243. ^ "Nomination Archive – George Stanley". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  244. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jacob Böeseken". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  245. ^ "Nomination Archive – William Harkins". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  246. ^ "Nomination Archive – Victor Henri". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  247. ^ "Nomination Archive – Vladimir Ipatieff". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  248. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Arthur Stoll". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  249. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arthur Stoll". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  250. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Fr.Bawden&N.Pirie". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  251. ^ "Nomination Archive – Frederick Bawden". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  252. ^ "Nomination Archive – Norman Pirie". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  253. ^ "Nomination Archive – Georg Bredig". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  254. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Job". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  255. ^ "Nomination Archive – Maurice Piettre". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  256. ^ "Nomination Archive – Francesco Giordani". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  257. ^ "Nomination Archive – Dorothy Wrinch". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  258. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Conrad Elvehjem". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  259. ^ "Nomination Archive – Conrad Elvehjem". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  260. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ernest Fourneau". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  261. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Robley Cook Williams". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  262. ^ "Nomination Archive – Robley Cook Williams". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  263. ^ "Nomination Archive – Linus Pauling". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  264. ^ "Nomination Archive – Fritz Weigert". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  265. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Tréfouël". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  266. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jacques Tréfouël". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  267. ^ "Nomination Archive – Christopher Kelk Ingold". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  268. ^ "Nomination Archive – John Howard Northrop". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  269. ^ "Nomination Archive – James Sumner". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  270. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Moses Kunitz". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  271. ^ "Nomination Archive – Moses Kunitz". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  272. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Rudolf Schoenheimer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  273. ^ "Nomination Archive – Rudolf Schoenheimer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  274. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Niggli". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  275. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Donald Van Slyke". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  276. ^ "Nomination Archive – Donald Van Slyke". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  277. ^ "Nomination Archive – Albert Portevin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  278. ^ "Nomination Archive – René Wurmser". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  279. ^ Jump up to: a b "Nomination Archive – Motivation for J.W.Cook&E.L.Kennaway". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  280. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ernest Lawrence Kennaway". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  281. ^ "Nomination Archive – James Wilfred Cook". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  282. ^ "Nomination Archive – Walter Heinrich Heitler". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  283. ^ "Nomination Archive – Tadeusz Reichstein". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  284. ^ "Nomination Archive – Vincent du Vigneaud". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  285. ^ "Nomination Archive – Harry Steenbock". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  286. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Edward Dodds". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  287. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edward Dodds". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  288. ^ "Nomination Archive – Klaus Clusius". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  289. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Karl Paul Link". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  290. ^ "Nomination Archive – Karl Paul Link". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  291. ^ "Nomination Archive – Henry Eyring". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  292. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arne Westgren". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  293. ^ "Nomination Archive – Glenn Theodore Seaborg". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  294. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hans Adolf Krebs". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  295. ^ "Nomination Archive – Robert Burns Woodward". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  296. ^ "Nomination Archive – William Doering". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  297. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hugh Taylor". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  298. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alexander Frumkin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  299. ^ "Nomination Archive – Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  300. ^ "Nomination Archive – Cyril Norman Hinshelwood". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  301. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arne Tiselius". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  302. ^ Dictionary of Scientific Biography 4 76-77 (Princeton University Press, 1971)
  303. ^ "Nomination Archive – Henri Devaux". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  304. ^ "Nomination Archive – Leo Szilard". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  305. ^ "Science Museum Group – J R Geigy SA". collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  306. ^ "Encyclopaedia Britannica – Ciba-Geigy AG (Swiss pharmaceutical company)". britannica.com. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  307. ^ "Nomination Archive – S A Geigy". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  308. ^ "Base de données des élites suisses – Läuger, Paul". unil.ch (in French). Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  309. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Paul Läuger". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  310. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Läuger". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  311. ^ "Nomination Archive – Otto Robert Frisch". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  312. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edwin McMillan". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  313. ^ "Nomination Archive – Philip Abelson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  314. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Lebeau". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  315. ^ "Nomination Archive – David Rittenberg". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  316. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alfred Misrky". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  317. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Rabe". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  318. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gerhard Dickel". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  319. ^ "Nomination Archive – Joseph Kennedy". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  320. ^ "Nomination Archive – Pierre Armand Jacquet". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  321. ^ "Nomination Archive – Morris Kharasch". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  322. ^ "Nomination Archive – Roger Adams". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  323. ^ "Nomination Archive – Johan Arvid Hedvall". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  324. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hans Lebrecht Meerwein". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  325. ^ Jump up to: a b "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Ch.Werkman&H.G.Wood". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  326. ^ "Nomination Archive – Chester Werkman". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  327. ^ "Nomination Archive – A J Kluyver". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  328. ^ "Nomination Archive – Harland Wood". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  329. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alexander Robertus Todd". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  330. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edward Kendall". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  331. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Edwin Joseph Cohn". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  332. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edwin Joseph Cohn". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  333. ^ "The Electrochemical Society – George W. Heise". electrochem.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  334. ^ "Nomination Archive – George Heise". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  335. ^ "Nomination Archive – Karl Miescher". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  336. ^ "Nomination Archive – George Dyson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  337. ^ "Nomination Archive – Friedrich Richter". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  338. ^ Kunststoffe 52(1) 59 (1962)
  339. ^ "Nomination Archive – Domingo Giribaldo". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  340. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Ralph Walter Wyckoff". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  341. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ralph Walter Wyckoff". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  342. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for David Keilin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  343. ^ "Nomination Archive – David Keilin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  344. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Karl Folkers". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  345. ^ "Nomination Archive – Karl Folkers". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  346. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Michael Heidelberger". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  347. ^ "Nomination Archive – Michael Heidelberger". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  348. ^ "Nomination Archive – Walter Reppe". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  349. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for William Rose". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  350. ^ "Nomination Archive – William Rose". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  351. ^ "Nomination Archive – Archer Martin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  352. ^ "Nomination Archive – Richard Synge". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  353. ^ "Nomination Archive – Melvin Calvin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  354. ^ "Nomination Archive – Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  355. ^ "Nomination Archive – Robert Sanderson Mulliken". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  356. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Flory". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  357. ^ "Nomination Archive – Selman Waksman". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  358. ^ "Nomination Archive – Fritz Lipmann". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  359. ^ "Nomination Archive – George Wells Beadle". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  360. ^ "Nomination Archive – Thérèse Tréfouël". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  361. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gladwyn Buttle". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  362. ^ British Medical Journal 286(6379) 1758 (1983)
  363. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arthur Wahl". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  364. ^ "Nomination Archive – John Hamaker". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  365. ^ "Nomination Archive – Glenn E Sheline". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  366. ^ "Nomination Archive – Wendell Latimer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  367. ^ "Nomination Archive – Louis Werner". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  368. ^ "Nomination Archive – Isadore Perlman". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  369. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Kirk". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  370. ^ "University of California: In Memoriam, 1991 – Glenn E. Sheline". texts.cdlib.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  371. ^ Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 40(2) 213 (1981)
  372. ^ "Nomination Archive – Raphael Consden". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  373. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arthur Gordon". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  374. ^ "Nomination Archive – Kaj Ulrik Linderstrøm-Lang". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  375. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Edward Joseph Conway". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  376. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edward Joseph Conway". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  377. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hermann Irving Schlesinger". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  378. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Choh Hao Li". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  379. ^ "Nomination Archive – Choh Hao Li". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  380. ^ "Nomination Archive – Burris Bell Cunningham". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  381. ^ "Nomination Archive – Willard Frank Libby". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  382. ^ "Nomination Archive – Max Ferdinand Perutz". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  383. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Rudolph Peters". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  384. ^ "Nomination Archive – Rudolph Peters". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  385. ^ "Nomination Archive – Yasuhiko Asahina". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  386. ^ "Nomination Archive – Axel Lindh". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  387. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ian Morris Heilbron". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  388. ^ "Nomination Archive – Frederick Sanger". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  389. ^ "Nomination Archive – Frits Zernike". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  390. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alexander Braunstein". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  391. ^ "Nomination Archive – Claude Hudson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  392. ^ "Nomination Archive – Walther Kossel". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  393. ^ "Nomination Archive – Erich Müller". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  394. ^ "Nomination Archive – Francis Simon". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  395. ^ "Nomination Archive – William Hume-Rothery". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  396. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Lyman Craig". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  397. ^ "Nomination Archive – Lyman Craig". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  398. ^ "Nomination Archive – Marguerite Perey". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  399. ^ "Nomination Archive – Walter Hieber". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  400. ^ "Nomination Archive – Emilio Segrè". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  401. ^ "Nomination Archive – Öjvind Winge". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  402. ^ "Nomination Archive – Izaak Kolthoff". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  403. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edward Lawrie Tatum". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  404. ^ "Nomination Archive – Karl Ziegler". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  405. ^ "Nomination Archive – Giulio Natta". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  406. ^ "Nomination Archive – George Porter". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  407. ^ "Nomination Archive – Lars Onsager". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  408. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Louis Fieser". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  409. ^ "Nomination Archive – Louis Fieser". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  410. ^ "Nomination Archive – Josef Mattauch". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  411. ^ "Nomination Archive – Félix Trombe". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  412. ^ "Nomination Archive – Martin David Kamen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  413. ^ "Nomination Archive – Max Volmer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  414. ^ "Nomination Archive – John Clarke Slater". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  415. ^ "Nomination Archive – Fritz Feigl". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  416. ^ "Nomination Archive – Severo Ochoa". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  417. ^ "Nomination Archive – Georges Lemaître". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  418. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ernest Gale". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  419. ^ "Nomination Archive – Joan Folkes". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  420. ^ "Nomination Archive – Boris Arbuzov". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  421. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alexander Arbuzov". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  422. ^ "Nomination Archive – Heinz Fraenckel-Conrat". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  423. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jannik Bjerrum". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  424. ^ "Nomination Archive – Friedrich Emil Brauns". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  425. ^ "Nomination Archive – Karl Johann Freudenberg". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  426. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Oswald Theodore Avery". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  427. ^ "Nomination Archive – Oswald Theodore Avery". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  428. ^ "Nomination Archive – Colin Munro MacLeod". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  429. ^ "Nomination Archive – Maclyn McCarty". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  430. ^ "Nomination Archive – Marietta Blau". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  431. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Charpentier". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  432. ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Coryell". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  433. ^ "Nomination Archive – Maurice-Marie Janot". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  434. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alexandre Vladimiravitche Palladine". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  435. ^ "Nomination Archive – G L Stadnikov". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  436. ^ "Nomination Archive – Eric Keightley Rideal". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  437. ^ "Nomination Archive – Friedrich Hund". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  438. ^ "Nomination Archive – Erich Hückel". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  439. ^ "Nomination Archive – Bernard Horecker". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  440. ^ "Nomination Archive – Carl Wagner". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  441. ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Wagner". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  442. ^ "Nomination Archive – C Wagner". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  443. ^ "Nomination Archive – Luis Federico Leloir". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  444. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gerhard Herzberg". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  445. ^ "Nomination Archive – Vladimir Prelog". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  446. ^ "Nomination Archive – Georg Wittig". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  447. ^ "Nomination Archive – Maria Goeppert-Mayer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  448. ^ "Nomination Archive – Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  449. ^ "Nomination Archive – Bogdan Kamienski". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  450. ^ "Nomination Archive – Max Mousseron". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  451. ^ "Nomination Archive – Yoshiyuki Toyama". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  452. ^ "Nomination Archive – Yevgeny Konstantinovich Zavoisky". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  453. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gerold Karel Schwarzenbach". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  454. ^ "Nomination Archive – Herman Mark". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  455. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hermann Mark". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  456. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jean Brachet". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  457. ^ "Nomination Archive – John Kendrew". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  458. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arthur Kornberg". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  459. ^ "Nomination Archive – Feodor Lynen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  460. ^ "Nomination Archive – David Green". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  461. ^ "Nomination Archive – Francis Owen Rice". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  462. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gunter Scheibe". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  463. ^ "Nomination Archive – Frederick Rossini". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  464. ^ "Nomination Archive – M J Chedin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  465. ^ "Nomination Archive – Bror Holmberg". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  466. ^ "Nomination Archive – Michael Polanyi". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  467. ^ "Nomination Archive – Egon Wiberg". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  468. ^ "Nomination Archive – Walter Schottky". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  469. ^ "Nomination Archive – William Pfann". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  470. ^ "Nomination Archive – Derek Harold Richard Barton". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  471. ^ "Nomination Archive – Odd Hassel". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  472. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ilya Prigogine". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  473. ^ "Nomination Archive – James Watson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  474. ^ "Nomination Archive – Francis Crick". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  475. ^ "Nomination Archive – Maurice Wilkins". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  476. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alfred Hershey". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  477. ^ "Nomination Archive – Wilhelm Gerhard Burgers". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  478. ^ "Nomination Archive – Martin Deutsch". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  479. ^ "Nomination Archive – Andrew Benson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  480. ^ "Nomination Archive – Howard Cary". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  481. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arnold Orville Beckman". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  482. ^ "Nomination Archive – Josef Engl". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  483. ^ "Nomination Archive – Joseph Massolle". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  484. ^ "Nomination Archive – Hans Vogt". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  485. ^ "Nomination Archive – Roger Williams". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  486. ^ "Nomination Archive – Martha Chase". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  487. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alfred Grierer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  488. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gerhard Schramm". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  489. ^ "New York Times – John Aston, 87, Dies; Pioneer in Cryogenics". nytimes.com. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  490. ^ "Nomination Archive – John Aston". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  491. ^ "Nomination Archive – Manfred Eigen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  492. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ronald George Wreyford Norrish". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  493. ^ "Nomination Archive – Konrad Bloch". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  494. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Torbjörn Caspersson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  495. ^ "Nomination Archive – Torbjörn Caspersson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  496. ^ Both Em.Erlenmeyer and Fr.G.C.Em.Erlenmeyer had died before 1961 and this nomination has been obviously done by their descendant H.Erlenmeyer.
  497. ^ "Nomination Archive – Leslie Orgel". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  498. ^ "Stanford University – Pierre Van Rysselberghe". chemistry.stanford.edu. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  499. ^ "Nomination Archive – Pierre Van Rysselberghe". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  500. ^ "Nomination Archive – Efraim Racker". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  501. ^ "Nomination Archive – Robert Corey". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  502. ^ "Nomination Archive – Georges Léon Chaudron". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  503. ^ "Nomination Archive – Lars Gunnar Sillén". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  504. ^ "Nomination Archive – Britton Chance". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  505. ^ "Nomination Archive – Johannes Bijvoet". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  506. ^ "Nomination Archive – Harry George Drickamer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  507. ^ "Nomination Archive – Daniel Arnon". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  508. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ernst Otto Fischer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  509. ^ "Nomination Archive – Louis Néel". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  510. ^ "Nomination Archive – Nikolay Vasilyevich Belov". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  511. ^ "Nomination Archive – Maurice Stacey". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  512. ^ "Nomination Archive – Tadeusz Urbanski". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  513. ^ "Nomination Archive – Karl-Wolfgang Mundry". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  514. ^ "Nomination Archive – Peter Pauson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  515. ^ "Nomination Archive – Clemens Schöpf". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  516. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sanichiro Mizushima". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  517. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alexander Vinogradov". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  518. ^ "Nomination Archive – Louis Plack Hammett". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  519. ^ "Nomination Archive – Carl Djerassi". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  520. ^ "Nomination Archive – Herbert Brown". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  521. ^ "Nomination Archive – Har Gobind Khorana". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  522. ^ "Nomination Archive – James Baddiley". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  523. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ludwig August Wilhelm Geilmann". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  524. ^ "Nomination Archive – Dionyz Ilkovic". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  525. ^ "Nomination Archive – Noel Slater". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  526. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gunnar Blix". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  527. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ernst Klenk". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  528. ^ "Nomination Archive – John Monteath Robertson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  529. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edgar Bright Wilson Jr". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  530. ^ "Nomination Archive – Stanley Bruckenstein". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  531. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alberte Pullman". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  532. ^ "Nomination Archive – Bernard Pullman". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  533. ^ "Nomination Archive – Fritz Arndt". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  534. ^ "Nomination Archive – Neil Bartlett". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  535. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alfred Champagnat". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  536. ^ "Nomination Archive – Saul Winstein". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  537. ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Coulson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  538. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edmund Hirst". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  539. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alexander Ivanovich Oparin". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  540. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gopalasamudram Narayana Iyer Ramachandran". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  541. ^ "Nomination Archive – E F Terroine". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  542. ^ "Nomination Archive – P C Zamecnik". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  543. ^ "Nomination Archive – G M Schwab". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  544. ^ "Nomination Archive – Frantisek Sorm". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  545. ^ "Nomination Archive – K Yamafuji". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  546. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arthur Holmes". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  547. ^ "Chicago Tribune – JOHN G. MALM". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  548. ^ "Nomination Archive – J Malm". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  549. ^ "Nomination Archive – Howard Claassen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  550. ^ "Nomination Archive – Howard Classen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  551. ^ "Nomination Archive – H Selig". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  552. ^ "ASA/CSCA Member Obituaries – Howard H. Claassen". asa3.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  553. ^ "Journal of Fluorine Chemistry – Henry Selig-Obituary" (PDF). journals.elsevier.com. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  554. ^ "Nomination Archive – Efraim Katchalski-Kazir". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  555. ^ "Nomination Archive – Bernd Theodor Matthias". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  556. ^ "Nomination Archive – John Warcup Cornforth Jr". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  557. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jacques Monod". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  558. ^ "Nomination Archive – J Jacob". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  559. ^ "Nomination Archive – Paul Doughty Bartlett". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  560. ^ "Nomination Archive – Erwin Chargaff". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  561. ^ "Nomination Archive – G I Arnon". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  562. ^ "Nomination Archive – Salomon Cohen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  563. ^ "Russian Journal of Electrochemistry – To the Centenary of O.K. Davtyan". link.springer.com. doi:10.1134/S1023193512660019. S2CID 93777377. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  564. ^ "Nomination Archive – O K Davtjan". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  565. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ulick Richardson Evans". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  566. ^ "Nomination Archive – S G Mason". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  567. ^ "Nomination Archive – Iwan Nikolov Stranski". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  568. ^ "Nomination Archive – Geoffrey Ingram Taylor". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  569. ^ "Nomination Archive – Henrik Gunnar Lundegårdh". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  570. ^ "Nomination Archive – Rudolf Hoppe". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  571. ^ "Chemical & Engineering News – Obituary: Leonard Mortenson". cen.acs.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  572. ^ "Nomination Archive – L E Mortenson". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  573. ^ "Nomination Archive – R C Valentine". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  574. ^ "Nomination Archive – J E Carnahan". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  575. ^ "Cape Gazette – James E. Carnahan, retired research chemist". CapeGazette.com. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  576. ^ "Nomination Archive – A Guinier". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  577. ^ "Nomination Archive – Otto Kratky". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  578. ^ "Nomination Archive – Charles Prévost". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  579. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jean Roche". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  580. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alan Walsh". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  581. ^ "Nomination Archive – G Popjak". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  582. ^ "Nomination Archive – Albert Eschenmoser". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  583. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alfred Rieche". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  584. ^ "Nomination Archive – Rudolf Criegee". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  585. ^ "Nomination Archive – Marshall Warren Nirenberg". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  586. ^ "Nomination Archive – Robert William Holley". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  587. ^ "Nomination Archive – Stanford Moore". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  588. ^ "Nomination Archive – William H Stein". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  589. ^ "Nomination Archive – Richard Barrer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  590. ^ "Nomination Archive – Motivation for Bernard Halpern". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  591. ^ "Nomination Archive – Bernard Halpern". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  592. ^ "Sudetendeutsche Akademieder Wissenschaften und Künste – Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Kurt Hannig". sudetendeutsche-akademie.eu (in German). Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  593. ^ "Nomination Archive – K Hannig". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  594. ^ "Nomination Archive – James Franklin Hyde". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  595. ^ "Nomination Archive – Arthur Lüttringhaus". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  596. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edwin Theodore Mertz". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  597. ^ "Nomination Archive – Robert Schwyzer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  598. ^ "Nomination Archive – T R Seshadri". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  599. ^ "Nomination Archive – Kenneth Pitzer". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  600. ^ "Nomination Archive – Laurens L M van Deenen". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  601. ^ "Nomination Archive – G H de Haas". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  602. ^ "Catalogus Professorum – Prof.dr. G. Horrëus de Haas". profs.library.uu.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  603. ^ "Nomination Archive – C L Vernet". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  604. ^ "Nomination Archive – B Lainé". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  605. ^ "Nomination Archive – J Filosa". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  606. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sol Spiegelman". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
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