List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Yale University

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Harkness Tower at Yale University. As of October 2020, 65 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Yale.

This list of Nobel laureates affiliated with Yale University comprehensively shows the alumni, faculty members as well as researchers of Yale University who were awarded the Nobel Prize or the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. The Nobel Prizes, established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, are awarded to individuals who make outstanding contributions in the fields of Chemistry, Literature, Peace, Physics, and Physiology or Medicine.[1] An associated prize, the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (commonly known as the Nobel Prize in Economics), was instituted by Sweden's central bank, Sveriges Riksbank, in 1968 and first awarded in 1969.[2]

As of October 2020, 65 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Yale University. Among the 65 laureates, 34 are Nobel laureates in natural sciences;[a] 22 are Yale alumni (graduates and attendees) and 31 have been long-term academic members of the Yale faculty or Yale-affiliated research organizations; and subject-wise, 23 laureates have won the Nobel Prize in Economics, more than any other subject.[b] This list considers Nobel laureates as equal individuals and does not consider their various prize shares or if they received the prize more than once.[3]

Inclusion criteria[]

General rules[]

Kline Biology Tower at Yale University.

The university affiliations in this list are all official academic affiliations such as degree programs and official academic employment. Non-academic affiliations such as advisory committee and administrative staff are generally excluded. The official academic affiliations fall into three categories: 1) Alumni (graduates and attendees), 2) Long-term Academic Staff, and 3) Short-term Academic Staff. Graduates are defined as those who hold Bachelor's, Master's, Doctorate, or equivalent degrees from Yale University, while attendees are those who formally enrolled in a degree program at Yale but did not complete the program; thus, honorary degrees, posthumous degrees, summer attendees, exchange students, and auditing students are excluded. The category of "Long-term Academic Staff" consists of tenure/tenure-track and equivalent academic positions, while that of "Short-term Academic Staff" consists of lecturers (without tenure), postdoctoral researchers (postdocs), visiting professors/scholars (visitors), and equivalent academic positions. At Yale, the specific academic title solely determines the type of affiliation, regardless of the actual time the position was held by a laureate.

Further explanations on "visitors" under "Short-term Academic Staff" are presented as follows. 1) All informal or personal visits are excluded from the list; 2) all employment-based visiting positions, which carry teaching/research duties, are included as affiliations in the list; 3) as for award/honor-based visiting positions, to minimize controversy this list takes a conservative view and includes the positions as affiliations only if the laureates were required to assume employment-level duty (teaching/research) or the laureates specifically classified the visiting positions as "affiliation" or similar in reliable sources such as their curriculum vita. In particular, attending meetings and giving public lectures, talks or non-curricular seminars at Yale University is not a form of employment-level duty. Finally, summer visitors are generally excluded from the list unless summer work yielded significant end products such as research publications and components of Nobel-winning work, since summer terms are not part of formal academic years.

Affiliated organizations[]

This list does not include Nobel-winning organizations or any individuals affiliated with those organizations. It also doesn't include affiliates of institutions that later merged and became part of Yale University.

  • Official academic affiliates of Cowles Foundation after 1955 are included in this list (when the Foundation moved to Yale).[4]

Summary[]

See also: List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation

All types of affiliations, namely alumni, long-term and short-term academic staff, count equally in the following table and throughout the whole page.[c]

In the following list, the number following a person's name is the year they received the prize; in particular, a number with asterisk (*) means the person received the award while they were working at Yale University (including emeritus staff).[d] A name underlined implies that this person has already been listed in a previous category (i.e., multiple affiliations).

Category Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
Total: 65 22 31 24
Physics (8)
  1. Raymond Davis Jr. - 2002
  2. David M. Lee - 1996
  3. Murray Gell-Mann - 1969
  4. Ernest Lawrence - 1939
  1. David Thouless - 2016
  2. Serge Haroche - 2012
  3. Willis Lamb - 1955
  4. Ernest Lawrence - 1939
  1. Charles Kao - 2009
  2. Ernest Lawrence - 1939
Chemistry (12)
  1. John B. Goodenough - 2019
  2. Brian Kobilka - 2012
  3. John B. Fenn - 2002
  4. Lars Onsager - 1968
  1. Jennifer Doudna - 2020
  2. Thomas Steitz - 2009*
  3. Irwin Rose - 2004
  4. John B. Fenn - 2002
  5. Sidney Altman - 1989*
  6. Lars Onsager - 1968*
  1. Richard Henderson - 2017
  2. Aziz Sancar - 2015
  3. Venki Ramakrishnan - 2009
  4. Michael Smith - 1993
Physiology or Medicine (14)
  1. James Rothman - 2013
  2. Eric Wieschaus - 1995
  3. Alfred G. Gilman - 1994
  4. Joshua Lederberg - 1958
  5. Dickinson Richards - 1956
  6. John Enders - 1954
  7. George Whipple - 1934
  1. James Rothman - 2013*
  2. Paul Greengard - 2000
  3. John Vane - 1982
  4. George Palade - 1974*
  5. Edward Tatum - 1958
  6. Max Theiler - 1951
  1. Elizabeth Blackburn - 2009
  2. Erwin Neher - 1991
Economics (23)
  1. William Nordhaus - 2018
  2. Peter Diamond - 2010
  3. Edmund Phelps - 2006
  4. Paul Krugman - 2008
  5. George Akerlof - 2001
  6. William Vickrey - 1996
  1. Paul Milgrom - 2020
  2. William Nordhaus - 2018*
  3. Bengt Holmström - 2016
  4. Robert Shiller - 2013*
  5. Christopher Sims - 2011
  6. Oliver Williamson - 2009
  7. Paul Krugman - 2008
  8. Edmund Phelps - 2006
  9. Thomas Schelling - 2005
  10. Joseph Stiglitz - 2001
  11. James Heckman - 2000
  12. Gérard Debreu - 1983
  13. James Tobin - 1981*
  14. Tjalling Koopmans - 1975*
  1. Paul Milgrom - 2020
  2. Christopher Sims - 2011
  3. Chris Pissarides - 2010
  4. Robert Aumann - 2005
  5. Daniel McFadden - 2000
  6. James Heckman - 2000
  7. James Mirrlees - 1996
  8. John Harsanyi - 1994
  9. Gérard Debreu - 1983
  10. Ragnar Frisch - 1969
Literature (5)
  1. Sinclair Lewis - 1930
  1. Louise Glück – 2020
  1. Toni Morrison - 1993
  2. Derek Walcott - 1992
  3. Wole Soyinka - 1986
Peace (3)
  1. Wangari Maathai - 2004
  2. Elie Wiesel - 1986
  3. Philip Noel-Baker - 1959

Nobel laureates by category[]

Nobel laureates in Physics[]

No. Name Year Affiliation with Yale University
8 David Thouless 2016 Professor[5]
7 Serge Haroche 2012 Professor[6]
6 Charles K. Kao 2009 Adjunct Professor (1985) and Fellow of Trumbull College[7][8]
5 Raymond Davis Jr. 2002 PhD[9]
4 David M. Lee 1996 PhD[10]
3 Murray Gell-Mann 1969 B.S[11]
2 Willis Lamb 1955 Professor[12]
1 Ernest Lawrence 1939 PhD; Assistant Professor (1927-1928); National Research Fellow (1925-1927)[13]

Nobel laureates in Chemistry[]

No. Name Year Affiliation with Yale University
12 Jennifer Doudna 2020 Professor[14]
11 John B. Goodenough 2019 B.A[15]
10 Richard Henderson 2017 Postdoctoral Fellow (1970-1973)[16]
9 Aziz Sancar 2015 Postdoctoral Researcher (1977-1982)[17][18]
8 Brian Kobilka 2012 M.D[4]
7 Thomas Steitz 2009 Professor[19]
6 Venki Ramakrishnan 2009 Postdoctoral Researcher (1978-1982)[20][21]
5 Irwin Rose 2004 Professor[22]
4 John B. Fenn 2002 PhD; Professor[23]
3 Michael Smith 1993 Visitor (On sabbatical from University of British Columbia)[24][25]
2 Sidney Altman 1989 Professor[26]
1 Lars Onsager 1968 PhD; Professor[27]

Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine[]

No. Name Year Affiliation with Yale University
14 James Rothman 2013 B.A; Professor[28]
13 Elizabeth Blackburn 2009 Postdoctoral Researcher (1975-1977)[29][30]
12 Paul Greengard 2000 Professor[31]
11 Eric Wieschaus 1995 PhD[32]
10 Alfred G. Gilman 1994 B.A[33]
9 Erwin Neher 1991 Research Associate (1975-1976)[34]
8 John Vane 1982 Assistant Professor[35]
7 George Palade 1974 Professor[36]
6 Joshua Lederberg 1958 PhD[37]
5 Edward Tatum 1958 Professor[38]
4 Dickinson Richards 1956 B.A[39]
3 John Enders 1954 B.A[40]
2 Max Theiler 1951 Professor[41]
1 George Whipple 1934 B.A[42]

Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics[]

No. Name Year Affiliation with Yale University
23 Paul Milgrom 2020 Professor; Visiting Professor[43]
22 William Nordhaus 2018 B.A, M.A; Professor[44]
21 Bengt Holmström 2016 Professor[45]
20 Robert Shiller 2013 Professor[46]
19 Christopher Sims 2011 Professor; Visiting Professor[47]
18 Peter Diamond 2010 B.A[48]
17 Chris Pissarides 2010 Visitor (2000)[49]
16 Oliver Williamson 2009 Professor[50]
15 Paul Krugman 2008 B.A; Assistant Professor[51]
14 Edmund Phelps 2006 PhD; Associate Professor[52]
13 Thomas Schelling 2005 Professor[53]
12 Robert Aumann 2005 Visiting Professor at the Department of Economics and the Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics (1964-1965, 1989)[54]
11 Joseph Stiglitz 2001 Professor[55]
10 George Akerlof 2001 B.A[56]
9 Daniel McFadden 2000 Irving Fisher Professor (1977-1978)[57]
8 James Heckman 2000 Professor; Visiting Professor[58]
7 William Vickrey 1996 B.S[59]
6 James Mirrlees 1996 Visiting Professor (1989)[60]
5 John Harsanyi 1994 Visiting Fellow at the Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics (1958; one semester)[61][62]
4 Gérard Debreu 1983 Associate Professor; Visiting Professor[63]
3 James Tobin 1981 Professor[64]
2 Tjalling Koopmans 1975 Professor[65]
1 Ragnar Frisch 1969 Visiting Professor (1930)[66]

Nobel laureates in Literature[]

No. Name Year Affiliation with Yale University
5 Louise Glück 2020 Adjunct Professor[67]
4 Toni Morrison 1993 Visiting Lecturer (1975-1976)[68][69]
3 Derek Walcott 1992 Visiting Lecturer[70][71][72]
2 Wole Soyinka 1986 Visiting Professor (1981)[73]
1 Sinclair Lewis 1930 B.A[74]

Nobel Peace Prize laureates[]

No. Name Year Affiliation with Yale University
3 Wangari Maathai 2004 Dorothy McCluskey Visiting Fellow for Conservation (2002)[75]
2 Elie Wiesel 1986 Henry Luce Visiting Scholar in the Humanities and Social Thought (1982; taught a course)[76]
1 Philip Noel-Baker 1959 Dodge Lecturer (1933-1934)[77]

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ The total number of laureates in natural sciences: Physics, Chemistry, and Physiology or Medicine.
  2. ^ For verification, see "Summary".
  3. ^ This is because, according to Wikipedia policies on no original research and objectivity/neutrality, it is not possible in Wikipedia to subjectively assign various weights to different types of affiliations.
  4. ^ The table doesn't provide citations or details on entries; for citations and details, see "Nobel laureates by category".

References[]

  1. ^ "Alfred Nobel – The Man Behind the Nobel Prize". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  2. ^ "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  3. ^ "Nobel Prize facts". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b "Brian K. Kobilka - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
  5. ^ "Thouless, D. J." history.aip.org. Retrieved 2017-12-16.
  6. ^ "CV (Serge Haroche)" (PDF).
  7. ^ Shampo, Marc A.; Kyle, Robert A.; Steensma, David P. (August 2011). "Charles K. Kao—Father of Fiber Optics". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 86 (8): e45. doi:10.4065/mcp.2011.0363. ISSN 0025-6196. PMC 3146387. PMID 21919227.
  8. ^ "Professor Kao Establishes Fund to Promote Exchanges Between Asian Institutions and Yale University". YaleNews. 1996-06-18. Retrieved 2020-10-14.
  9. ^ "Davis, Raymond, 1914-2006". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2017-12-20.
  10. ^ "CV (David M. Lee)" (PDF).
  11. ^ "CV (Murray Gell-Mann)" (PDF).
  12. ^ "Lamb, Willis E. (Willis Eugene), 1913-2008". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
  13. ^ "Lawrence, Ernest Orlando, 1901-1958". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2018-01-06.
  14. ^ "CV (Jennifer Doudna)" (PDF).
  15. ^ "John B. Goodenough". NAE Website. Retrieved 2019-10-09.
  16. ^ "Curriculum Vitae". www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-01-14.
  17. ^ "Aziz Sancar - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-14.
  18. ^ Curtis, John. "Former Therapeutic Radiology Fellow Aziz Sancar, Ph.D., FW '82, Awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry". medicine.yale.edu. Retrieved 2020-10-14.
  19. ^ "Thomas A Steitz, PhD > Biological & Biomedical Sciences | Yale University". bbs.yale.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-16.
  20. ^ "CV (Venkatraman Ramakrishnan)" (PDF).
  21. ^ "C.V (Venkatraman Ramakrishnan)" (PDF). Leopoldina.
  22. ^ "Irwin Rose - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-17.
  23. ^ "John B. Fenn - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-18.
  24. ^ "Michael Smith - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-20.
  25. ^ Wright, Pearce (2000-10-10). "Obituary: Michael Smith". the Guardian. Retrieved 2020-10-14.
  26. ^ "Sidney Altman - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-21.
  27. ^ "Lars Onsager - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-01-25.
  28. ^ "James E Rothman, PhD > Rothman Lab | Cell Biology | Yale School of Medicine". medicine.yale.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-05.
  29. ^ "CV (Elizabeth H. Blackburn)" (PDF).
  30. ^ "Elizabeth Blackburn". Salk Institute for Biological Studies. Retrieved 2020-10-14.
  31. ^ "Paul Greengard - Our Scientists". Our Scientists. Retrieved 2018-02-11.
  32. ^ "CV (ERIC F. WIESCHAUS)" (PDF).
  33. ^ "Alfred G. Gilman - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-13.
  34. ^ "CV (Erwin Neher)".
  35. ^ "John R. Vane - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  36. ^ "George E. Palade - Our Scientists". Our Scientists. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
  37. ^ "Joshua Lederberg - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2016-11-16.
  38. ^ "Edward Tatum - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-23.
  39. ^ "Dickinson W. Richards - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-23.
  40. ^ "John F. Enders - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-23.
  41. ^ Tan, Siang Yong; Pettigrew, Kate (2017). "Max Theiler (1899–1972): Creator of the yellow fever vaccine". Singapore Medical Journal. 58 (4): 223–224. doi:10.11622/smedj.2017029. PMC 5392609. PMID 28429035.
  42. ^ "George H. Whipple - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  43. ^ "CV (Paul Milgrom)" (PDF). Retrieved 2020-10-12.
  44. ^ "CV (William Nordhaus)".
  45. ^ "CV (Bengt Holmstrom)".
  46. ^ "CV (Robert Shiller)" (PDF).
  47. ^ "CV (Christopher A. Sims)" (PDF).
  48. ^ "CV (Peter A. Diamond)".
  49. ^ "CV (Christopher A. Pissarides)" (PDF).
  50. ^ "CV (Oliver E. Williamson)" (PDF).
  51. ^ "Professor Paul Krugman visiting the Department in Trinity Term 2014". Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
  52. ^ "CV (Edmund S. Phelps)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-06-22.
  53. ^ "CV (Thomas Schelling)" (PDF).
  54. ^ "CV (Robert J. Aumann)". Einstein Institute of Mathematics. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  55. ^ "CV (Joseph Stiglitz)" (PDF).
  56. ^ "CV (George A. Akerlof)" (PDF).
  57. ^ "Daniel McFadden". eml.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
  58. ^ "CV (James Heckman)" (PDF).
  59. ^ "William Vickrey - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-12.
  60. ^ "James A. Mirrlees - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-12.
  61. ^ "Biography (John C. Harsanyi)" (PDF).
  62. ^ Harsanyi, John (1958). "On Incentives to Forecasters and to Decision Makers Under Uncertainty". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  63. ^ "Gerard Debreu - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  64. ^ "James Tobin - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  65. ^ "Tjalling C. Koopmans - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  66. ^ "Dr. Ragnar Frisch Dead at 77; Economist Won '69 Nobel Prize". The New York Times. 1973-02-01. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-01-02.
  67. ^ Gonzalez, Susan (2020-10-08). "Louise Glück awarded 2020 Nobel Prize in Literature". YaleNews. Retrieved 2020-10-12.
  68. ^ "Toni Morrison | Dean of the Faculty". dof.princeton.edu. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
  69. ^ Wilson, Ann L. (November 1998). Toni Morrison's Tar Baby. Research & Education Assoc. ISBN 9780878912308.
  70. ^ Wroe, Nicholas (2000-09-01). "The laureate of St Lucia". the Guardian. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
  71. ^ Stade, George; Karbiener, Karen (2010-05-12). Encyclopedia of British Writers, 1800 to the Present. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438116891.
  72. ^ Foundation, Poetry (2020-10-13). "Derek Walcott". Poetry Foundation. Retrieved 2020-10-14.
  73. ^ Soyinka, Wole (2001). Conversations with Wole Soyinka. Univ. Press of Mississippi. ISBN 9781578063383.
  74. ^ "Sinclair Lewis - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
  75. ^ "Wangari Maathai - Curriculum Vitae". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-08.
  76. ^ Freedman, Samuel G.; Times, Special to the New York (1982-10-13). "Elie Wiesel Teaches Lessons of Anguish". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-03-09.
  77. ^ "Philip Noel-Baker - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
Retrieved from ""