List of Ottoman Grand Viziers

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Grand Vizier of
the Ottoman Empire
Sadrazamlik-nisanlari.svg
Seal of the Grand Vizier
Ahmed Tevfik Pasha chair.jpg
Ahmet Tevfik Pasha
StyleHis Excellency
ResidenceBab-ı Ali
AppointerThe Sultan
Formation1328
First holderAlaeddin Pasha
Final holderAhmet Tevfik Pasha
Abolished1 November 1922
SuccessionPrime Minister of Turkey
State organisation of
the Ottoman Empire
Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire (1882–1922)
House of Osman
Classic period
Constitutional period
  • v
  • t

The Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Vezir-i Azam or Sadr-ı Azam (Sadrazam); Ottoman Turkish: صدر اعظم or وزیر اعظم) was the de facto prime minister of the sultan in the Ottoman Empire, with absolute power of attorney and, in principle, dismissible only by the sultan himself in the classical period, before the Tanzimat reforms, or until the 1908 Revolution. He held the imperial seal and could convene all other viziers to attend to affairs of the state in the Imperial Council; the viziers in conference were called "kubbe viziers" in reference to their meeting place, the Kubbealtı ('under-the-dome') in Topkapı Palace. His offices were located at the Sublime Porte.

History[]

During the nascent phases of the Ottoman state, "Vizier" was the only title used. The first of these Ottoman Viziers who was titled "Grand Vizier" was Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha (also known as Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Elder). The purpose in instituting the title "Grand Vizier" was to distinguish the holder of the Sultan's seal from other viziers. The initially more frequently used title of vezir-i âzam was gradually replaced by sadrazam, both meaning grand vizier in practice. Throughout Ottoman history, the grand viziers have also been termed sadr-ı âlî ('high vizier'), vekil-i mutlak ('absolute attorney'), sâhib-i devlet ('holder of the state'), serdar-ı ekrem ('gracious general'), serdar-ı azam ('grand general') and zât-ı âsafî ('vizieral person') and başnazır,[1] literally "prime minister" in Ottoman Turkish.

In the late periods of the Ottoman Empire, especially during and after the 19th century, the Grand Vizier began to hold a position almost identical to that of a Prime Minister in other European states.[2] Reforms seen during and after the Tanzimat (1838), the First Constitutional Era (1876–1878), and the Second Constitutional Era (1908–1920) further brought the office of the Grand Vizier in line with the European standard, making the incumbent the head of a Cabinet of other ministers. During the two constitutional eras, the Grand Vizier also served as the speaker of the Senate, the upper house of the bicameral Ottoman Parliament. With the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, the Prime Minister of Turkey took on the roles of the former office.

Grand Viziers were often replaced or resigned in rapid succession, frequently leading to political instability. In the final 10 years of the Empire alone, the office of the Grand Vizier changed hands 13 times between 12 men; some, such as Ahmed Izzet Pasha and Salih Hulusi Pasha, held office for less than a month.

List of Grand Viziers[]

Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire Ottoman Grand Viziers Flag of the Ottoman Empire
Number Name Took office Left office Background notes
1 Alaeddin Pasha 1320 1331 Turk,[3] probably from Cendere, Nallıhan.[4]
2 Nizamüddin Ahmed Pasha 1331 1348 Turk[5]
3 Hacı Pasha 1348 1349 Turk[5]
4 Sinanüddin Fakih Yusuf Pasha 1349 1364 Turk,[5] from Ahi.
5 Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha (Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Elder) 1364 22 January 1387 Turk, from Cendere (or Çandar), a village near Angora (now Ankara); see Çandarlı family. The first vizier to hold the title "grand vizier" and also the first with a military background.
6 Çandarlı Ali Pasha 1387 1406 Turk[6] (Çandarlı family)
7 "Osmancıklı" Imamzade Halil Pasha 1406 1413 Turk,[6] from Osmancık
8 Amasyalı Bayezid Pasha 1413 1421 Turk,[6] of Albanian origin,[7][incomplete short citation] from Amasya.
9 Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha the Elder 1421 1429 Turk[6] (Çandarlı family)
10 Amasyalı Hazır Dânişmendoğlu Koca Mehmed Nizamüddin Pasha 1429 1439 Turk,[6] from Osmancık or Amasya
11 Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Younger 1439 1 June 1453 Turk[8] (Çandarlı family). First grand vizier who was executed.
12 Zaganos Pasha 1453 1456 Albanian (possibly) (Devşirme), some claim a possible descent from Skanderbeg or Hamza Kastrioti.[9][10]
13 Mahmud Pasha Angelos (Serbianized Angelović) (1st time) 1456 1468 Of Byzantine Greek descent[11]
14 Rum Mehmed Pasha 1468 1469 Greek[8]
15 İshak Pasha (1st time) 1469 1472 Albanian[12]
13 Mahmud Pasha Angelos (Serbianized Angelović) (2nd time) 1472 1474 Of Byzantine Greek descent[13]
16 Gedik Ahmed Pasha 1474 1477 Albanian[14] or Greek[14] or Serbian.[15]
17 Karamanlı Mehmed Pasha 1477 1481 Turk,[14] from Karaman
15 İshak Pasha (2nd time) 1481 1482 Albanian[12][better source needed]
18 Koca Davud Pasha 1482 1497 Albanian[14]
19 Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (1st time) 1497 1498 South Slavic Devşirme (dukes of St. Sava Kosača family)
20 Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha the Younger 1498 1499 Turk[16] (Çandarlı family)
21 Mesih Pasha 1499 1501 Abducted during Fall of Constantinople. Nephew of Constantine XI Palaiologos.[17]
22 Hadim Ali Pasha (1st time) 1501 1503 Bosnian[18] eunuch[19] from Drozgometva (Hadim = Eunuch), from a minor noble family called Ostoja.
19 Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (2nd time) 1503 1506 South Slavic Devşirme (Kosača family)
22 Hadim Ali Pasha (2nd time) 1506 1511 Bosnian[20] eunuch[19] from Drozgometva (Hadim = Eunuch), from a minor noble family called Ostoja.
19 Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (3rd time) 1511 1511 South Slavic Devşirme (Kosača family)
23 Koca Mustafa Pasha 1511 1512 Greek (Rum), and not a devşirme.[21][22] Possibly "Western" (Frenk)[22][citation needed]
19 Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (4th time) 1512 28 November 1514 South Slavic Devşirme (Kosača family)
24 Dukakinzade Ahmed Pasha 18 December 1514 8 September 1515 Albanian[23] (Dukagjin family)
19 Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (5th time) 8 September 1515 26 April 1516 South Slavic Devşirme (Kosača family)
25 Hadım Sinan Pasha 26 April 1516 22 January 1517 South Slavic eunuch[19] Devşirme (from the noble Boronivic family (Hadim = Eunuch) from Foča
26 Yunus Pasha 22 January 1517 13 September 1517 Ottoman Greek, Pomak, or Albanian origin[24][25] (Devşirme)
27 Piri Mehmed Pasha 25 January 1518 27 June 1523 Turk,[24] from Aksaray
28 Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha, also called Frenk Ibrahim Pasha 27 June 1523 14 March 1536 Albanian or Greek from Parga (The nickname Frenk refers to his European manners and tastes)
29 Ayas Mehmed Pasha 14 March 1536 13 July 1539 Albanian[26] Devşirme (from Vlora or Delvina)
30 Çelebi Lütfi Pasha 13 July 1539 April 1541 Albanian,[27] Devşirme (from Avlonya (Vlorë)) (Çelebi = a refined gentleman with good manners)
31 Hadim Süleyman Pasha April 1541 28 November 1544 Hungarian (eunuch)[27][28] Devşirme (Hadim = Eunuch)
32 Kehle-i-ikbâl Damat Rüstem Pasha (1st time) 28 November 1544 6 October 1553 South Slav from Sarajevo (possibly Croat from Skradin, Bosnian or Serbian) (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)
33 Kara Ahmed Pasha 6 October 1553 29 September 1555 Albanian[29]
32 Kehle-i-ikbâl Damat Rüstem Pasha (2nd time) 29 September 1555 10 July 1561 South Slav from Sarajevo (possibly Croat from Skradin, Bosnian or Serbian) (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)
34 Semiz Ali Pasha 10 July 1561 28 June 1565 Originally from the village of Prača, Bosnia and Herzegovina.[30]
35 Sokollu Mehmed Pasha 28 June 1565 12 October 1579 Serbian , relative of Serb patriarch Makarije sokolović
36 Şemsi Pasha 12 October 1579 28 April 1580 Paternal Albanian[31] and maternal Ottoman,[32] including distant Arabic ancestry.[33]
37 Vekîl-i Saltanat Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha 28 April 1580 7 August 1580 South Slav from present-day Bosnia (Lala = a tutor to a Sultan)
38 Koca Sinan Pasha (1st time) 7 August 1580 6 December 1582 Albanian[34]
39 Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha (1st time) 24 December 1582 25 July 1584 Hungarian[34] from Nagykanizsa
40 Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha 28 July 1584 29 October 1585 Turk[35] or Circassian[35] Mameluks
41 Hadim Mesih Pasha 1 November 1585 14 April 1586 South Slav eunuch (Hadim = Eunuch)
39 Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha (2nd time) 14 April 1586 2 April 1589 Hungarian[34] from Nagykanizsa
38 Koca Sinan Pasha (2nd time) 14 April 1589 1 August 1591 Albanian[36]
42 Serdar Ferhad Pasha (1st time) 1 August 1591 4 April 1592 Albanian[8]
39 Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha (3rd time) 4 April 1592 28 January 1593 Hungarian[34] from Nagykanizsa
38 Koca Sinan Pasha (3rd time) 28 January 1593 16 February 1595 Albanian[37]
42 Serdar Ferhad Pasha (2nd time) 16 February 1595 7 July 1595 Albanian[37]
38 Koca Sinan Pasha (4th time) 7 July 1595 19 November 1595 Albanian[37]
43 Tekeli Lala Mehmed Pasha 19 November 1595 28 November 1595 Turk,[8] from Manisa (Lala = Tutor to a Sultan)
38 Koca Sinan Pasha (5th time) 1 December 1595 3 April 1596 Albanian[23]
44 Damat Ibrahim Pasha (1st time) 4 April 1596 27 October 1596 Possibly Ragusan[38] or South Slav (in the latter case, Croat or Bosnian)[39] (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)
45 (Cağaloğlu/Cağalazâde) Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha 27 October 1596 5 December 1596 Italian[40] From the noble Genoese family of Cicala.
44 Damat Ibrahim Pasha (2nd time) 5 December 1596 3 November 1597 Possibly Ragusan[38] or South Slav (in the latter case, Croat or Bosnian)[39] (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)
46 Hadim Hasan Pasha 3 November 1597 9 April 1598 Albanian[40] eunuch Devşirme (Hadim = Eunuch)
47 Cerrah Mehmed Pasha 9 April 1598 6 January 1599 Unknown origin[41] Devşirme (Cerrah = Surgeon)
44 Damat Ibrahim Pasha (3rd time) 6 January 1599 10 July 1601 Possibly Ragusan[38] or South Slav (in the latter case, Croat or Bosnian)[39] (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)
48 Yemişçi Hasan Pasha 22 July 1601 4 October 1603 Albanian[41] (Yemişçi = Fruit-vendor; in reference to his previous profession)
49 Yavuz Ali Pasha 16 October 1603 26 July 1604 Serbian Danişmend (1971), p. 28. (in Turkish)</ref> (Malkoçoğlu/Malkotić family)
50 Sokolluzade Lala Mehmed Pasha 5 August 1604 21 June 1606 Possibly South Slav (Lala = Tutor to a Sultan). Possibly Sokollu Mehmed Pasha's nephew. He was probably from Rudo or Sarajevo.
51 Derviş Mehmed Pasha 21 June 1606 9 December 1606 South Slav (Boşnak = Bosnian) that also served as the sanjak-bey of the Sanjak of Herzegovina.
52 Kuyucu Murad Pasha 11 December 1606 5 August 1611 South Slav possibly from central Bosnia (Kuyucu = The well-digger; name given since he had the habit of burying his enemies in wells)
53 Gümülcineli Damat Nasuh Pasha 5 August 1611 17 October 1614 Albanian,[42] from Gümülcine. (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty). One of the seven husbands of Ahmed I's daughter Ayşe Sultan.
54 Öküz Kara Mehmed Pasha (1st time) 17 October 1614 17 November 1616 Turk,[42] from Constantinople (now Istanbul) (Öküz = Ox; literally Mehmed Pasha the Ox; name given since he was heavily built)
55 Damat Halil Pasha (1st time) 17 November 1616 18 January 1619 Armenian,[43] from Zeytun (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)
56 Öküz Kara Mehmed Pasha (2nd time) 18 January 1619 23 December 1619 Turk,[43] from Istanbul
57 Güzelce Ali Pasha 23 December 1619 9 March 1621 Greek from Istanköy (today Kos)[43] (Güzelce = Handsome)
58 Ohrili Hüseyin Pasha 9 March 1621 17 September 1621 Albanian,[44] from Ohri
59 Dilaver Pasha 17 September 1621 20 May 1622 Reportedly South Slav (Croat)[45] from the Bosnia Eyalet.
60 Kara Davud Pasha 20 May 1622 13 June 1622 South Slav from the Bosnia Eyalet (Bosnian).[46] Nicknamed "traitor" due to being responsible for the death of Sultan Osman II.
61 Mere Hüseyin Pasha (1st time) 13 June 1622 8 July 1622 Albanian[44] ("Mere!" = "Take it!" in Albanian; purportedly the only grand vizier who did not speak Turkish, named after the oft-repeated order he gave on the subject of opponents' heads)
62 Lefkeli Mustafa Pasha 8 July 1622 21 September 1622 Turk,[47] from former Lefke, today Orhaneli
63 Hadim Mehmed Pasha (Hadım -'Eunuch'- Mehmed Pasha) 21 September 1622 5 February 1623 Georgian eunuch[47] (Gürcü = Georgian; Hadim = Eunuch)
64 Mere Hüseyin Pasha (2nd time) 5 February 1623 30 August 1623 Albanian[47]
65 Kemankeş Kara Ali Pasha 30 August 1623 3 April 1624 Turk[47] (Kemankeş = Archer)
66 Çerkes Mehmed Pasha 3 April 1624 28 January 1625 Circassian[48] (Çerkes = Circassian)
67 Hafız Ahmed Pasha (1st time) 8 February 1625 1 December 1626 Pomak (Bulgarian Muslim),[48] from Filibe. One of the seven husbands of Ahmed I's daughter Ayşe Sultan.
68 Damat Halil Pasha (2nd time) 1 December 1626 6 April 1628 Armenian,[48] from Zeytun (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)
69 Gazi Ekrem Hüsrev Pasha 6 April 1628 25 October 1631 South Slav (Bosnian)[49]
70 Hafız Ahmed Pasha (2nd time) 25 October 1631 10 February 1632 Pomak[50] from Filibe.
71 Topal Recep Pasha 10 February 1632 18 May 1632 South Slav of Bosnian descent[51] from the Bosnia Eyalet ("Lame"). He was the bridegroom of the House of Osman.
72 Tabanıyassi Mehmed Pasha 18 May 1632 2 February 1637 Albanian[50] (from Drama)(Tabanıyassı = Flat-footed)
73 Bayram Pasha 2 February 1637 26 August 1638 Turk,[52] from Constantinople
74 Tayyar Mehmed Pasha 27 August 1638 24 December 1638 Turk from the town of Ladik, Sivas Eyalet.[52]
75 Kemankeş Kara Mustafa Pasha 23 December 1638 31 January 1644 Albanian[53] (Kemankeş = Archer)
76 Sultanzade Mehmet Pasha (Civan Kapucubaşı Sultanzade Mehmed Pasha) 31 January 1644 17 December 1645 Turkish-Albanian[53] (Sultanzade = Son of a female member of the Ottoman dynasty; great-grandson of Mihrimah Sultan, descendant of Suleiman the Magnificent and Hurrem Sultan)
77 Nevesinli Salih Pasha 17 December 1645 16 September 1647 South Slav of Bosnian descent[54] from the Herzegovinian town of Nevesinje,[55] Bosnia Eyalet.[56]
78 Kara Musa Pasha 16 September 1647 21 September 1647 Possibly Greek or Armenian origin
79 Hezarpare Ahmet Pasha 21 September 1647 8 August 1648 Greek (possibly),[56] from Constantinople. Promoted from in-attorney title to the rank of full grand vizier upon Kara Musa Pasha's death. (Hezarpare = Thousand pieces; literally Ahmed Pasha the Thousand Pieces; name given by chroniclers since he was lynched by the mob)
80 Sofu Mehmed Pasha (or Mevlevi Mehmed Pasha) 8 August 1648 21 May 1649 Unknown origin[57] (Sofu = Devout and see Mevlevi)
81 Kara Murat Pasha (Kara Dev Murat Pasha) 21 May 1649 5 August 1651 Albanian[57] (Dev = Giant)
82 Melek Ahmed Pasha 5 August 1651 21 August 1651 Abazin[57] (Melek = Angel)
83 Abaza Siyavuş Pasha I (1st time) 21 August 1651 27 September 1651 Abazin[58]
84 Gürcü Mehmed Pasha 27 September 1651 20 June 1652 Georgian[58] (Gürcü - Georgian)
85 Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha 20 June 1652 21 March 1653 Albanian[58] (Tarhoncu, more seldom transcribed as Tarhoncu = 'Tarragon vendor'; in reference to his former profession)
86 Koca Dervish Mehmed Pasha 21 March 1653 28 October 1654 Circassian[58]
87 İpşiri Mustafa Pasha 28 October 1654 11 May 1655 Abazin.[59] One of the seven husbands of Ahmed I's daughter Ayşe Sultan. (İpşiri means "Bearer of good news")
88 Kara Murat Pasha (2nd time) 11 May 1655 19 August 1655 Albanian[59]
89 Ermeni Suleyman Pasha 19 August 1655 28 February 1656 Armenian,[59] from Malatya. (Ermeni means "Armenian")
90 Deli Gazi Hüseyin Pasha, also called Deli Hüseyin Pasha 28 February 1656 5 March 1656 Turk,[60] from Yenişehir. Not included in some lists. The imperial seal was sent to him by way of sea to Crete where he was in campaign, but the ships were called back because of Zurnazen Mustafa Pasha's lobbying, who had been appointed in-attorney in between but wanted the full title for him. (Deli = Mad; due to his daring and courage in the battlefield)
91 Zurnazen Mustafa Pasha (held office for 4 hours) 5 March 1656 5 March 1656 Albanian[60] (Zurnazen = Clarinettist). Not included in some lists. Promoted from in-attorney title to the rank of full grand vizier due to the influence he exerted on the sultan for Gazi Hüseyin Pasha's dismissal from the office. His appointment caused an uprising in Constantinople and he was exiled after having held the seal for four hours.
92 Abaza Siyavuş Pasha I (2nd time) 5 March 1656 25 April 1656 Abazin[60]
93 Boynuyaralı Mehmed Pasha 26 April 1656 15 September 1656 Turk,[61] from Samsun. (boynu yaralı means "wounded neck")
94 Köprülü Mehmed Pasha 15 September 1656 31 October 1661 Albanian[3] Devşirme, from Rudnik in the Sanjak of Berat (now Albania).[62] (see Köprülü family)
95 Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha 31 October 1661 19 October 1676 Albanian[61] (see Köprülü family)
96 Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha 19 October 1676 25 December 1683 From Merzifon (adopted into the Köprülü family)[63]
97 Kara İbrahim Pasha 15 December 1683 18 November 1685 Turk[64]
98 Sarı Süleyman Pasha 18 November 1685 18 September 1687 Bosnian[65] from Taşlıca (today Pljevlja in Montenegro) (Sarı = Blond)
99 Abaza Siyavuş Pasha 18 September 1687 23 February 1688 Abazin[42]
100 Ayaşlı İsmail Pasha 23 February 1688 2 May 1688 Turk,[66] from Ayaş
101 Bekri Mustafa Pasha 30 May 1688 7 November 1689 Turk,[66] from Tekirdağ.
102 Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha 10 November 1689. 19 August 1691 Albanian[66] (Köprülü family)
103 Arabacı Ali Pasha 24 August 1691 21 March 1692 Albanian[67] (Arabacı = Coachman; in reference to his background)
104 Merfizonlu Hacı Ali Pasha 23 March 1692 17 March 1693 Turk,[67] from Merzifon.
105 Bozoklu Mustafa Pasha 17 March 1693 March 1694 Turk,[68] from Bozok (Yozgat today).
106 Sürmeli Ali Pasha 13 March 1694 22 April 1695 (origin unknown)[68] Greek[citation needed] (from Dimetoka) (Sürmeli = One who has eyes tinged with kohl)
107 Elmas Mehmed Pasha 3 May 1695 11 September 1697 Turk[69] (Elmas = Diamond)
108 Amcazade Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha 17 September 1697 4 September 1702 Albanian[69] (Köprülü family).
109 Daltaban Mustafa Pasha 4 September 1702 24 January 1703 South Slav; Macedonian, Bosnian or Serbian[70] according to Joseph von Hammer from Manastır (Daltaban = Barefoot)
110 Rami Mehmed Pasha 25 January 1703 22 August 1703 Turk (possibly),[70] from Constantinople
111 Kavanoz Ahmed Pasha 22 August 1703 16 November 1703 Russian[71] (Kavanoz = A jar; named as such because purportedly very short and fat)
112 Damat Hasan Pasha 18 November 1703 28 September 1704 Greek[71][72][73] Ottoman, from Morea, Greece (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)
113 October 1704 25 December 1704 Turk[71] (Kalaylıkoz = Varnished; a reference on his fondness for make-up, ornaments and dresses)
114 Teberdar/Baltaci Mehmed Pasha (1st time) 25 December 1704 3 May 1706 Turk,[74] from Osmancık.
115 Çorlulu Damat Ali Pasha 3 May 1706 15 June 1710 Turk (possibly),[74] from Çorlu (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)
116 Köprülü Numan Pasha 16 June 1710 17 August 1710 Albanian[74] (Köprülü family).
117 Baltaci Mehmed Pasha (2nd time) 18 August 1710 20 November 1711 Turk,[74] from Osmancık.
118 Ağa Yusuf Pasha 20 November 1711 11 November 1712 Georgian[75]
119 Nişancı Süleyman Pasha 12 November 1712 6 April 1713 Abazin[75]
120 6 April 1713 7 April 1713 Turk,[75] from Serez (Serres)
121 Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha 27 April 1713 5 August 1716 Turk[76] from İznik (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)
122 Hacı Halil Pasha 21 August 1716 October 1717 Albanian[76]
123 October 1717 9 May 1718 Turk (possibly),[76] from Kayseri
124 Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha 9 May 1718 16 October 1730 Turk,[76] from Nevşehir. (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)
125 16 October 1730 23 January 1731 Turk (possibly),[77] from Constantinople (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)
126 23 January 1731 11 September 1731 Turk, from the town of Şebinkarahisar (Kabakulak = Someone with mumps)
127 Topal Osman Pasha 21 September 1731 12 March 1732 Turk[78] (Topal = Lame)
128 Hekimbaşızâde/Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (1st time) 12 March 1732 14 July 1735 Italian/Venetian[78] (son of Venetian convert Hekimbaşı Nuh Efendi)
129 14 July 1735 25 December 1735 Georgian[78] (Gürcü = Georgian)
130  [tr] 10 January 1736 5 August 1737 Turk (possibly),[79] from Dimetoka
131 22 August 1737 19 December 1737 Arab (possibly),[79] from Aleppo
132 3 December 1737 23 March 1739 Turk[79] (Yeğen = Nephew, of the Sultan in his case)
133 İvaz Mehmed Pasha 17 March 1739 23 June 1740 Albanian[80]
134 Nişancı Hacı Ahmed Pasha 22 July 1740 7 April 1742 Turk,[80] from Alanya
135 Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (2nd time) 21 April 1742 4 October 1742 Italian/Venetian[80] (son of Venetian convert Hekimbaşı Nuh Efendi)
136 Seyyid Hasan Pasha 4 October 1742 10 August 1746 Arab (possibly),[81] or Turk,[80] from Karahisar (Şebinkarahisar today)
137 11 August 1746 24 August 1747 Possibly a Turk from Constantinople (Tiryaki means "someone who has an addiction, to tobacco, opium, alcohol etc.")
138 Seyyid Abdullah Pasha 24 August 1747 2 January 1750 Arab (possibly),[81] or Turk,[80] from Kerkük
139 Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha 9 January 1750 1 July 1752 Unknown origin,[81] from Constantinople
140 Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha (1st time) 1 July 1752 16 February 1755 Turk (possibly),[81] from Çorlu (köse means "a bowl, beardless")
141 Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (3rd time) 16 February 1755 19 May 1755 From Constantinople, Venetian convert father and Turk mother.
142 Naili Abdullah Pasha 19 May 1755 24 August 1755 Turk,[82] from Constantinople
143 , aka Nişancı Ali Pasha 24 August 1755 23 October 1755 Turk (possibly)[82]
144 Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha 25 October 1755 1 April 1756 Georgian,[82] from Adrianople (Edirne) (Yirmisekiz means "twenty-eight"; named as such after his father who had served in the 28th Janissary corps battalion)
145 Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha (2nd time) 30 April 1756 3 December 1756 Turk,[83] from Çorlu (köse means "a bowl, beardless")
146 Koca Ragıp Pasha 12 January 1757 8 April 1763 Turk,[83] from Constantinople
147 11 April 1763 29 September 1763 Turk,[84] from Develi
148 Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha (3rd time) 29 September 1763 30 March 1765 Turk (possibly),[84] from Çorlu
149 (1st time) 30 March 1765 7 August 1768 Arab (possibly),[84] son of
150 7 August 1768 20 October 1768 Turk,[84] from Develi
151 October 1768 12 August 1769 Turk,[85] from Constantinople
152 12 August 1769 12 December 1769 Turk,[85] from Daday
153 Ivazzade Halil Pasha 13 December 1769 25 December 1770 Balkan Turk of reportedly of part-Albanian descent[86] (1971) Son of İvaz Mehmed Pasha, of a evlad-ı fatihan family, descendants of the Turk conquers of the Balkans.[87]
154 25 December 1770 11 December 1771 Turk (possibly),[88] from Istanbul
155 (2nd time) December 1771 6 August 1774 Arab (possibly)[88]
156 Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1st time) 11 August 1774 7 July 1775 [89]
157 7 July 1775 5 January 1777 Turk[88] (Mora = "Morea")
158 5 January 1777 1 September 1778 Turk,[90] from Darende.
159 1 September 1778 22 August 1779 Bulgarian,[90] from Sofia (Kalafat = Caulker).
160  [tr] August 1779 20 February 1781 Turk,[90] from near Kırşehir
161 Izzet Mehmed Pasha (2nd time) 20 February 1781 25 August 1782 [89]
162 25 August 1782 31 December 1782 Turk[91] (Yeğen = Nephew, to the Ottoman sultan in his case).
163 Halil Hamid Pasha 31 December 1782 30 April 1785 Turk,[91] from Isparta. Great-grandfather of Kemal Derviş, current administrator of the UNDP.
164 30 April 1785 25 January 1786 Georgian[91]
165 Koca Yusuf Pasha (1st time) 25 January 1786 28 May 1789 Georgian[91]
166 Cenaze Hasan Pasha or Meyyit Hasan Pasha 28 May 1789 2 January 1790 Circassian[92] ("Cenaze" or "Meyyit" = A funeral, a corpse; literally "Hasan Pasha the Funeral" or "Hasan Pasha the Corpse"; named as such because he was in his deathbed, seriously ill, throughout his term)
167 Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha 2 January 1790 30 March 1790 Unknown origin[92] (Cezayirli means "from Algiers" since he had been a corsair there).
168 16 April 1790 12 February 1791 origin unknown,[92] from Rusçuk.
169 Koca Yusuf Pasha (2nd time) 12 February 1791 1792 Georgian[93]
170 1792 21 October 1794 Turk[93] (Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)
171 Safranbolulu Izzet Mehmet Pasha 21 October 1794 23 October 1798 Turk,[93] from Safranbolu.[94]
172 Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha (1st time) 23 October 1798 24 June 1805 Georgian[95] (Kör = Blind)
173 24 September 1805 13 October 1806 Unknown origin[95]
174 13 October 1806 3 June 1807 Turk (possibly)[95] (Keçiboynuzu = Carob fruit, named as such because purportedly an extremely puny person)
175 3 June 1807 29 July 1808 Unknown origin[96] (Çelebi = A refined gentleman with good manners)
176 Alemdar Mustafa Pasha, also called (Bayrakdar Mustafa Pasha) 29 July 1808 15 November 1808 Albanian,[44] from Rusçuk (possibly). (Alemdar or Bayraktar = standard bearer, same rank with two different names among the Janissaries)
177 16 November 1808 December 1808 Albanian[96] (Çavuşbaşı = Head sergeant)
178 [citation needed] December 1808 March 1809 Turk[citation needed] (Çarhacı = Skirmisher)
179 Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha (2nd time) March 1809 February 1811 Georgian[97]
180 Laz Ahmed Pasha February 1811 July 1812 Turk (possibly),[97] Laz[citation needed]
181 Hurşit Ahmed Pasha July 1812 30 March 1815 Georgian,[97] the only grand vizier who committed suicide (while in office)
182 Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1st time) 30 March 1815 6 January 1818 Turk[97]
183 6 January 1818 5 January 1820 origin unknown,[98] from Burdur
184 5 January 1820 21 April 1821 Turk[98]
185 Benderli Ali Pasha 21 April 1821 30 April 1821 origin unknown,[98] from Bender (Moldavia today). The last grand vizier who was executed upon an order clearly given by the sultan (because of the Greek War of Independence).
186  [tr] 30 April 1821 11 November 1822 Donmeh (possibly)[98]
187 Bostancıbaşı 11 November 1822 4 March 1823 Turk[99] (Deli = Mad, literally Abdullah Pasha the Mad)
188 4 March 1823 13 December 1823 origin unknown[99]
189 Mehmed Said Galip Pasha 13 December 1823 15 September 1824 Turk[99]
190 "Benderli" Mehmed Selim Pasha 15 September 1824 26 October 1828 origin unknown,[99] from Bender (Moldavia today)
191 Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1st time) 26 October 1828 28 January 1829 Turk,[100] from Darende.
192 Reşid Mehmed Pasha January 1829 17 February 1833 Georgian or Greek[100]
193 Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (2nd time) 17 February 1833 8 July 1839 Turk[100]
194 Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha 8 July 1839 29 May 1841 Abazin[101]
195 Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (3rd time) 29 May 1841 7 October 1841 Turk[101]
196 Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha (2nd time) 7 October 1841 3 September 1842 Turk[102] from Darende
197 Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (4th time) 3 September 1842 31 July 1846 Turk[102]
198 Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha (1st time) 31 July 1846 28 April 1848 Turk[102]
199 İbrahim Sarim Pasha 28 April 1848 13 August 1848 Turk[103]
200 Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha (2nd time) 13 August 1848 27 January 1852 Turk[103]
201 Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (5th time) 27 January 1852 7 March 1852 Turk[103]
202 Koca Mustafa Reşit Pasha (3rd time) 7 March 1852 7 August 1852 Turk[104]
203 Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha (1st time) 7 August 1852 4 October 1852 Turk[104]
204 Damat Mehmed Ali Pasha 4 October 1852 14 May 1853 Hamsheni[105](Damat = Bridegroom to the Ottoman Dynasty).
205 Mustafa Naili Pasha (1st time) 14 May 1853 30 May 1854 Albanian[106] from Egypt, called Giritli=Cretan because he had served as governor in that island for a long time.
206 Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha (1st time) 30 May 1854 24 November 1854 Turk,[107] from Cyprus
207 Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha (4th time) 24 November 1854 4 May 1855 Turk[107]
208 Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha (2nd time) 4 May 1855 1 December 1856 Turk[108]
209 Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha (5th time) 1 December 1856 2 August 1857 Turk[108]
210 Mustafa Naili Pasha (2nd time) 2 August 1857 23 October 1857 Albanian[108]
211 Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha (6th time) 23 October 1857 7 January 1858 Turk[108]
212 Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha (3rd time) 11 January 1858 8 October 1859 Turk[109]
213 Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha (2nd time) 8 October 1859 24 December 1859 Turk,[109] from Cyprus
214 Mütercim Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha (1st time) 24 December 1859 27 May 1860 Turk[109] (Mütercim = A translator, an interpreter)
215 Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha (3rd time) 27 May 1860 6 August 1861 Turk,[110] from Cyprus
216 Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha (4th time) 6 August 1861 22 November 1861 Turk[110]
217 Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha (1st time) 22 November 1861 6 January 1863 Turk,[110] from Konya ().
218 Yusuf Kamil Pasha 6 January 1863 3 June 1863 Turk[111]
219 Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha (2nd time) 3 June 1863 5 June 1866 Turk[111]
220 Mütercim Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha (2nd time) 5 June 1866 11 February 1867 Turk[112]
221 Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha (5th time) 11 February 1867 7 September 1871 Turk[112]
222 Mahmud Nedim Pasha (1st time) September 1871 31 July 1872 Georgian,[112] was often called Nedimoff due to his Russophile policies
223 Ahmed Şefik Midhat Pasha (1st time) 31 July 1872 19 October 1872 Turk (possibly),[113] family from Rusçuk, born in Constantinople.
224 Mütercim Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha (3rd time) 19 October 1872 February 1873 Turk[113]
225 Sakızlı Ahmed Esat Pasha (1st time) 15 February 1873 15 April 1873 Turk,[113] from Sakız/Chios
226 Şirvanlı Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha 15 April 1873 14 February 1874 Turk[113]
227 Hüseyin Avni Pasha 14 February 1874 25 April 1875 Turk[114]
228 Sakızlı Ahmed Esat Pasha (2nd time) April 1875 August 1875 Turk,[114] from Sakız (Chios)
229 Mahmud Nedim Pasha (2nd time) 21 August 1875 11 May 1876 Georgian[114]
230 Mütercim Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha (4th time) 12 May 1876 19 December 1876 Turk[114]
231 Ahmed Şefik Midhat Pasha (2nd time) 19 December 1876 5 February 1877 Turk (possibly)[115] The last grand vizier who was executed -while in exile in Taif-. Whether or not there was a direct order from the Sultan Abdulhamid II remains subject of discussion to this day.)
232 İbrahim Edhem Pasha 5 February 1877 11 January 1878 Greek,[115] from Chios/Sakız; sold as a slave in childhood to -later- Grand Vizier Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha during the 1822 events in that island)
233 Ahmed Hamdi Pasha 11 January 1878 4 February 1878 Abazin[116]
234 Ahmed Vefik Pasha 4 February 1878 18 April 1878 Turk,[116] from Constantinople.
235 Mehmed Sadık Pasha 18 April 1878 28 May 1878 Turk[117]
236 Mütercim Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha (5th time) 28 May 1878 4 June 1878 Turk[117]
237 Saffet Pasha 4 June 1878 October 1878 Turk[118]
238 Tunuslu Hayreddin Pasha October 1878 28 July 1879 Abazin[118]
239 Ahmed Arifi Pasha 28 July 1879 September 1879 Turk[118]
240 Mehmed Said Pasha (1st time) 18 October 1879 9 June 1880 Turk[119]
241 Kadri Pasha 9 June 1880 12 September 1880 Turk,[119] from Antep
242 Mehmed Said Pasha (2nd time) 12 September 1880 2 May 1882 Turk[120]
243 Abdurrahman Nureddin Pasha 2 May 1882 12 July 1882 Turk,[120] from Kütahya (Germiyanid family)
244 Mehmed Said Pasha (3rd time) 12 July 1882 30 November 1882 Turk[121]
245 Ahmed Vefik Pasha (2nd time) 1 December 1882 3 December 1882 Turk[121]
246 Mehmed Said Pasha (4th time) 3 December 1882 24 September 1885 Turk[121]
247 Kâmil Pasha (1st time) 25 September 1885 4 September 1891 Turk,[122] from Cyprus.
248 Ahmed Cevat Şakir Pasha 4 September 1891 8 June 1895 Turk,[122] from Kabaağaç in Afyonkarahisar ()
249 Mehmed Said Pasha (5th time) 9 June 1895 3 October 1895 Turk[122]
250 Kâmil Pasha (2nd time) 3 October 1895 7 November 1895 Turk,[123] from Cyprus.
251 Halil Rifat Pasha 7 November 1895 9 November 1901 Turk (possibly),[123] from Serez
252 Mehmed Said Pasha (6th time) 13 November 1901 15 January 1903 Turk[123]
253 Avlonyalı Mehmed Ferid Pasha 15 January 1903 22 July 1908 Albanian,[124][125] from Avlonya (Vlorë)
254 Mehmed Said Pasha (7th time) 22 July 1908 6 August 1908 Turk[124]
255 Kâmil Pasha (3rd time) 5 August 1908 14 February 1909 Turk,[124] from Cyprus
256 Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha (1st time) 14 February 1909 14 April 1909 Greek[126] or Turk[127] from Cyprus
257 Ahmet Tevfik Pasha (1st time) 14 April 1909 5 May 1909 Crimean Tatar[127]
258 Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha (2nd time) 5 May 1909 12 January 1910 Greek or Turk, from Midilli
259 İbrahim Hakkı Pasha 12 January 1910 30 September 1911 Turk (possibly)[128]
260 Mehmed Said Pasha (8th time) 30 September 1911 22 July 1912 Turk[128]
261 Ahmed Muhtar Pasha 22 July 1912 29 October 1912 Turk,[129] from Bursa
262 Kâmil Pasha (4th time) 29 October 1912 23 January 1913 Turk,[130] from Cyprus
263 Mahmud Shevket Pasha 23 January 1913 11 June 1913 Chechen[130][131][132][133]
264 Said Halim Pasha 12 June 1913 4 February 1917 Albanian[86]
265 Mehmed Talaat Pasha 4 February 1917 14 October 1918 origin unknown,[86] from Adrianople
266 Ahmed Izzet Pasha 14 October 1918 11 November 1918 Albanian[134][135] Ottoman, from Constantinople.
267 Ahmet Tevfik Pasha (2nd time) 11 November 1918 4 March 1919 Crimean Tatar[136]
268 Damat Ferid Pasha (1st time) 4 March 1919 2 October 1919 Unknown, born in Constantinople to Izet Efendi, who was born in Potoci near Taşlıca, Ottoman Empire (Damat, bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)
269 Ali Rıza Pasha 2 October 1919 8 March 1920 Turk (possibly),[137] from Constantinople
270 Salih Hulusi Pasha 8 March 1920 5 April 1920 Circassian,[137] from Constantinople
271 Damat Ferid Pasha (2nd time) 5 April 1920 21 October 1920 Unknown, born in Constantinople to Izet Efendi, who was born in Potoci near Taşlıca, Ottoman Empire (Damat, bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty)
272 Ahmet Tevfik Pasha (3rd time) 21 October 1920 4 November 1922 Turk,[138] last grand vizier

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Archivum Ottomanicum, p. 240, at Google Books
  2. ^ Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire, p. 235, at Google Books
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b Dânişmend 1971, p. 7.
  4. ^ Yücel 1991, p. 310.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c Dânişmend 1971, p. 8.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Danişmend (1971), p. 9. (in Turkish)
  7. ^ Stavrides 2001, p. 55.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danişmend (1971), p. 10. (in Turkish)
  9. ^ Stavrides, p. 63
  10. ^ Jones 1973, p. 7
  11. ^ Yazici, T. (1983). "ʿADNĪ, MAḤMŪD PĀŠĀ". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 5. p. 470.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b Faveyrial, Jean-Claude (1888). Histoire de l'Albanie (in French). archives of the House of the Lazarite Missionaries in Paris. p. 215."Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-12-23. Retrieved 2010-10-12.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)[better source needed]
  13. ^ Yazici, T. (1983). "ʿADNĪ, MAḤMŪD PĀŠĀ". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 5. p. 470.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danişmend (1971), p. 11. (in Turkish)
  15. ^ Theoharis Stavrides (2001). The Sultan of Vezirs: The Life and Times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angelovic (1453-1474). Brill Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-12106-5.
  16. ^ Danişmend (1971), p. 12. (in Turkish)
  17. ^ Inalcik, Halil (1991). "Mesīḥ Pasha". The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume VI: Mahk–Mid. Leiden and New York: BRILL. pp. 1025–1026. ISBN 90-04-08112-7.
  18. ^ Filipović, Nedim (2008). Islamizacija u Bosni i Hercegovini (2. ed.). Sarajevo: Armis Print. pp. 199–200. ISBN 978-9958-682-00-1.
  19. ^ Jump up to: a b c Peirce, Leslie P. (1993). The Imperial Harem Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. p. 304. ISBN 9780195086775.
  20. ^ Filipović, Nedim (2008). Islamizacija u Bosni i Hercegovini. Sarajevo: Armis Print. p. 199-200. ISBN 978-9958-682-00-1. We think that one of the major factors that greatly contributed to the spread of Islam in Bosnia were the islamicised sipahis, tower guardsmen, and in particular, the great magnates of the Turkish feudal apparatus in and out of Bosnia, especially those who served at the Sublime Porte and who were, by origin, islamicised Bosnians. They felt like Bosnians and expressed their homage to Bosnia and their families by ensuring that their families and relatives were the receivers of timars and cifts, as a confirmation of their old feuds. We even have records of cases where those feuds changed their status from miri to mulk land, meaning private feudal property. Fathers, brothers, and close relatives of those individuals were sometimes Christians, but in most cases, they appear as Muslims. A classic example is represented by Hadim Ali-pasha, who had the title of bey in the 1468-9. defter, but is already recorded as pasha in the 1489. defter. Under the rule of Bayazit II he rose to the rank of Grand Vizier.
  21. ^ Türkçülük ve Türkçülük mücadeleleri tarihi. 1969. p. 53. 11 - Koca Mustafa Paşa (Rum)
  22. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 13. (in Turkish)
  23. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 14. (in Turkish)
  24. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 15. (in Turkish)
  25. ^ Alper, Omer Mahir, "Yunus Paşa", (1999) Yaşamları ve Yapıtlarıyla Osmanlılar Ansiklopedisi, İstanbul:Yapı Kredi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık A.Ş. C.2 s.678 ISBN 975-08-0072-9
  26. ^ Danişmend (1971), p. 16. (in Turkish)
  27. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 17. (in Turkish)
  28. ^ A military history of modern Egypt: from the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War by Andrew James McGregor p.30 [1]
  29. ^ Danişmend (1971), p. 18. (in Turkish)
  30. ^ Murvar, Vatro (1989). Nation and Religion in Central Europe and the Western Balkans. p. 34.
  31. ^ Danişmend (1971), p. 25. (in Turkish)
  32. ^ Kim Mehmeti. Fara e bimes se keqe. p. 65. Nëna e tij, Aishe Humashah, ishte mbesa e Sulltan Sylejmanit.[better source needed]
  33. ^ Kim Mehmeti. Fara e bimes se keqe. p. 64. Nëna e Shemsi Ahmed Pashait, thuhet se ishte me origjinë familjare një pasardhës i drejtpërdrejtë i Halid Ibni Velidit, komandantit të famshëm të ushtrisë islame, i cili pushtoi Sirinë në kohën e profetit Muhamed, në shekullin e 7-të.[better source needed]
  34. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danişmend (1971), p. 21. (in Turkish)
  35. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 22. (in Turkish)
  36. ^ Danişmend (1971), p. 23. (in Turkish)
  37. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 24. (in Turkish)
  38. ^ Jump up to: a b c Abu-Husayn, Abdul-Rahim (1985). "The Ottoman Invasion of the Shūf in 1585: A Reconsideration". Al-Abhath. 32. p. 15, note 12.
  39. ^ Jump up to: a b c Necdet Sevinç (1985). Osmanlı sosyal ve ekonomik düzeni. Üçdal Neşriyat. Damat İbrahim Paşa — Milliyeti : Boşnak yahut Hırvat,
  40. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 26. (in Turkish)
  41. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 27. (in Turkish)
  42. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 29. (in Turkish)
  43. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 30. (in Turkish)
  44. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 31. (in Turkish)
  45. ^ Uzunçarsılı, İsmail Hakkı, (1954) Osmanlı Tarihi III. Cilt, 2. Kısım , XVİ. Yüzyıl Ortalarından XVİİ. Yüzyıl Sonuna kadar), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu (Altıncı Baskı 2011 ISBN 978-975-16-0010) p.373
  46. ^ Uzunçarsılı, İsmail Hakkı, (1954) Osmanlı Tarihi III. Cilt, 2. Kısım , XVI. Yüzyıl Ortalarından XVII. Yüzyıl Sonuna kadar), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu (Altıncı Baskı 2011 ISBN 978-975-16-0010) say.375-376
  47. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danişmend (1971), p. 32. (in Turkish)
  48. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 33. (in Turkish)
  49. ^ Uzunçarsılı, İsmail Hakkı, (1954) Osmanlı Tarihi III. Cilt, 2. Kısım , XVI. Yüzyıl Ortalarından XVII. Yüzyıl Sonuna kadar), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu (Altıncı Baskı 2011 ISBN 978-975-16-0010) say.382
  50. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 34. (in Turkish)
  51. ^ Uzunçarşılı, İsmail Hakkı, (1954) Osmanlı Tarihi III. Cilt, 2. Kısım XVI. Yüzyıl Ortalarından XVII. Yüzyıl Sonuna kadar), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu (Altıncı Baskı 2011) ISBN 978-975-16-0010) say.384
  52. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 35. (in Turkish)
  53. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 36. (in Turkish)
  54. ^ Kuyaş, Ahmet, "Salih Paşa" (1999) Yaşamları ve Yapıtlarıyla Osmanlılar Ansiklopedisi, c.2 s.495, İstanbul:Yapı Kredi Kültür Yayıncılık A.Ş. ISBN 975-08-0071-01.
  55. ^ Uzunçarşılı & Karal 1954, p. 393.
  56. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 37. (in Turkish)
  57. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 38. (in Turkish)
  58. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danişmend (1971), p. 39. (in Turkish)
  59. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 40. (in Turkish)
  60. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 41. (in Turkish)
  61. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 42. (in Turkish)
  62. ^ Server Rifat İskit (1960). Resemli-haritalı mufassal Osmanlı tarihi. 4. İskit Yayını. p. 2067.
  63. ^ Danişmend (1971), p. 33. (Turkish)
  64. ^ Danişmend (1971), p. 44. (in Turkish)
  65. ^ Dânişmend 1971, p. 45.
  66. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 46. (in Turkish)
  67. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 47. (in Turkish)
  68. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 48. (in Turkish)
  69. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 49. (in Turkish)
  70. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 50. (in Turkish)
  71. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 51. (in Turkish)
  72. ^ Evg Radushev, Svetlana Ivanova, Rumen Kovachev - Narodna biblioteka "Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodiĭ. Orientalski otdel, International Centre for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art, and Culture (2003). Inventory of Ottoman Turkish documents about Waqf preserved in the Oriental Department at the St. St. Cyril and Methodius National Library. Narodna biblioteka "Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodiĭ. p. 224. ISBN 954-523-072-X. Hasan Pasa (Damad-i- Padisahi), Greek convert from Morea. He began his career as imperial armourer and rose to the post of Grand Vezir (1703). He married the daughter of Sultan Mehmed IV, Hatice Sultan, fell into disgrace and was exiled with his wife to izmit.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  73. ^ Catharine Theimer Nepomnyashchy; Nicole Svobodny; Ludmilla A. Trigos (2006). Under the sky of my Africa: Alexander Pushkin and blackness. Northwestern University Press. p. 53. ISBN 0-8101-1971-4. Shortly afterward a new grand vizier, Hasan, came to take the place of the old one, and he held his post during the period we are interested in: from November 16, 1703, to September 28, 1704. He was the new sultan's son-in-law… "he was a very honest and comparatively humane pasha of Greek origin and cannot be suspected of selling the sultan's pages to a foreigner."
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  75. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 53. (in Turkish)
  76. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danişmend (1971), p. 54. (in Turkish)
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  79. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 57. (in Turkish)
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  81. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danişmend (1971), p. 59. (in Turkish)
  82. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 60. (in Turkish)
  83. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 61. (in Turkish)
  84. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danişmend (1971), p. 62. (in Turkish)
  85. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 63. (in Turkish)
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  87. ^ Mehmed Süreyya (haz. Nuri Akbayar) (1996), Sicill-i Osmani, İstanbul:Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları ISBN 975-333-0383 C.III s.607-608 [2]
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  89. ^ Jump up to: a b Mehmet Süreyya (1996) [1890], Nuri Akbayar; Seyit A. Kahraman (eds.), Sicill-i Osmanî (in Turkish), Beşiktaş, Istanbul: Türkiye Kültür Bakanlığı and Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı, pp. 848–849
  90. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 65. (in Turkish)
  91. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danişmend (1971), p. 66. (in Turkish)
  92. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 67. (in Turkish)
  93. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 68. (in Turkish)
  94. ^ Mehmet Süreyya (1996) [1890], Nuri Akbayar; Seyit A. Kahraman (eds.), Sicill-i Osmanî (in Turkish), Beşiktaş, Istanbul: Türkiye Kültür Bakanlığı and Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı, p. 849
  95. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 69. (in Turkish)
  96. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 70. (in Turkish)
  97. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danişmend (1971), p. 71. (in Turkish)
  98. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danişmend (1971), p. 72. (in Turkish)
  99. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danişmend (1971), p. 73. (in Turkish)
  100. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 74. (in Turkish)
  101. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 75. (in Turkish)
  102. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 76. (in Turkish)
  103. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 77. (in Turkish)
  104. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 78. (in Turkish)
  105. ^ History and identity among the Hemshin -HOVANN H. SIMONIAN -172
  106. ^ Danişmend (1971), p. 79. (in Turkish)
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  108. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danişmend (1971), p. 81. (in Turkish)
  109. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 82. (in Turkish)
  110. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 83. (in Turkish)
  111. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 84. (in Turkish)
  112. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 85. (in Turkish)
  113. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danişmend (1971), p. 86. (in Turkish)
  114. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Danişmend (1971), p. 87. (in Turkish)
  115. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 88. (in Turkish)
  116. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 89. (in Turkish)
  117. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 90. (in Turkish)
  118. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 91. (in Turkish)
  119. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 92. (in Turkish)
  120. ^ Jump up to: a b Danişmend (1971), p. 93. (in Turkish)
  121. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 94. (in Turkish)
  122. ^ Jump up to: a b c Danişmend (1971), p. 95. (in Turkish)
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Sources[]

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