List of active separatist movements in Europe

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Supporters of Catalan independence in Barcelona in October 2019

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Europe. Separatism often refers to full political secession,[1][2][3] though separatist movements may seek nothing more than greater autonomy or to be recognised as a national minority.[4]

What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

  1. They are active movements with active members;
  2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy);
  3. They are citizens/peoples of the conflict area and do not come from another country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

  • De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy;
  • Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state;
  • Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession;
    • De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region;
    • Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control;
    • Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession;
    • Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations;
    • Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities;
    • Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s).

Various ethnic groups in Europe are seeking greater autonomy or independence. In the European Union (EU), several of these groups are members of the European Free Alliance (EFA). In some cases, the group seeks to unify into a different state – in cases where this does not involve the creation of a new state entity, this is considered to be irredentism. Analogous irredentist movements are included in the list of active irredentist movements.

Azerbaijan[]

Current military situation in the region
Azerbaijan districts claimed by Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic

Territory of the former Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast

Main article: Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
  • People: Armenians in Azerbaijan
    • De facto state:  Artsakh (recognised by 3 non-UN members)
      • Proposed: recognition of Artsakh status based on self-determination principle[5]
      • Political organisation: National Assembly
      • Military organisation: Artsakh Defense Army

Territory of the short-lived Flag of Talysh.svg Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic

Belgium[]

Communities:
  Flemish Community
  Flemish and French Community
  French Community
  German-speaking Community
Main article: Partition of Belgium
Autonomist movements

 German-speaking Community[8][9]

  • People: German-speaking

 Flanders

  • People: Flemish
    • Autonomous area: Flanders
      • Movements: Flemish Movement

 Wallonia

  • People: Walloons
    • Autonomous area: Wallonia
      • Movements: Walloon Movement
Secessionist movements
Further information: Partition of Belgium


Main articles: Flemish Movement and Greater Netherlands

 Flanders or Flemish Community (the latter includes  Brussels-Capital Region)

  • People: Flemish
    • Proposed state:  Flanders, unification with the  Netherlands
      • Political parties: New Flemish Alliance (member of the European Free Alliance), Libertair, Direct, Democratisch, Vlaams Belang and Flemish-Socialist Movement
      • Movements: Vlaamse Volksbeweging (VVB),  [nl], Taal Aktie Komitee and Voorpost
Main articles: Walloon Movement and Rattachism

 Wallonia or French Community of Belgium (the latter includes  Brussels-Capital Region)

Bosnia and Herzegovina[]

Main article: Partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Secessionist movements
Main article: Proposed secession of Republika Srpska

 Republika Srpska

Autonomist movements
Main article: Croat entity in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia

Croatia[]

Map of the historical regions of Croatia. Dalmatia is in blue, while Istria is in green.
Main articles: Dalmatianism and Istrianism
Autonomist movements

Dalmatia

  • People: Dalmatians (Croats and Dalmatian Italians)
    • Proposed autonomous area: Dalmatia
      • Political party: Dalmatian Action, Dalmatian National Party

Istria[11]

  • People: Istrians (Croats and Istrian Italians)
    • Proposed autonomous area: Istria
      • Political party: Istrian Democratic Assembly[12]

Cyprus[]

The northern areas of the island of Cyprus administered by Turkish Cypriots
Main article: Cyprus dispute
See also: Turkish invasion of Cyprus

The northeastern 1/3 territory of island of Cyprus

Czech Republic[]

Map of the region of Moravia claimed by the Moravian autonomists, it sometimes include Czech Silesia which is also occasionally claimed by the Silesian autonomists.
Autonomist movements

Moravia

Czech Silesia

  • People: Silesians
    • Proposed autonomous area: Czech Silesia

Denmark[]

Faroe Islands
Main article: Faroese independence movement
Main article: Greenlandic independence
For movements in Greenland, see List of active separatist movements in North America

 Faroe Islands

  • People: Faroese
    • Proposed state:  Republic of the Faroe Islands

Finland[]

Åland

 Åland[15]

France[]

See also: List of active separatist movements in North America § France, List of active separatist movements in South America § France, List of active separatist movements in Africa § France, and List of active separatist movements in Oceania § France
world map of French speaking countries
A map showing the (historical) linguistic groups in Metropolitan France:
  Alsatians
  Arpitan speakers
  Basques
  Bretons
  Catalans
  Corsicans
  Dutch speakers
  Occitan speakers
  Langues d'oil speakers
Secessionist movements
Present location of Alsace within France

 Alsace

Main article: Alsace independence movement
Location of the Basque Country

French Basque Country

Main article: Basque nationalism
  • People: Basque
    • Proposed state: unification with the Basque Country and  Navarre – Euskal Herria[16][17][18]
      • Political parties: Abertzaleen Batasuna (AB), Eusko Alkartasuna (EFA member), Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea (Basque Nationalist Party).
      • Trade unions: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
      • Youth advocacy groups: Gazte Abertzaleak, Segi
      • Militant organisations: Irrintzi
Location of Brittany

Historic Brittany, comprising Brittany (administrative region) and parts of  Pays de la Loire

Main article: Breton nationalism
  • People: Bretons
    • Proposed state:  Brittany
      • Advocacy groups: Celtic League[19]
      • Political parties: Breton Democratic Union, Adsav, Strollad Breizh, Emgann
      • Militant organisation: Talbenn Dieubiñ Breizh (Breton Revolutionary Army) (ARB)
Location of the Corsica

 Corsica

Main article: Corsican nationalism
  • People: Corsicans
Location of Occitania

Occitania

Main article: Occitan nationalism
  • People: Occitans
    • Proposed state: Occitania
      • Political parties: Partit de la Nacion Occitana
      • Political movement: Bastir!
The Dutch-language Taalgebied (Sprachraum), including northern French Flanders

Flanders[20][21]

Main article: Flemish nationalism
  • People: Flemings
    • Proposed state: French Flanders, Pale of Calais and and re-unification with West Flanders, East Flanders, Tournaisis and Zeelandic Flanders into an independent Flemish state, unification with the  Netherlands (separatist) or  Belgium (autonomist)
      • Political party: Flemish movement
Location of Provence

 Provence

  • People: Provençals (Occitans)
    • Proposed state: Provence
      • Militant group: Front Nacionala Liberacion de Provença

Catalonia Northern Catalonia

  • People: Northern Catalans
    • Proposed state:  Catalonia or unification with  Catalan Countries
      • Political parties: Esquerra Republicana- Catalunya del Nord,[22] Oui au Pays Catalan (autonomist)[23]
      • Advocacy organisations: Catalunya Nord per la independència,[24] Òmnium Catalunya Nord[25]
      • Youth organisations: Joventuts d'Esquerra Republicana (Catalunya Nord)[26]
Autonomist movements
Location of Normandy

 Alsace

Main article: Alsace independence movement
  • People: Alsatians (Allemanics)

Brittany

 Corsica

  • People: Corsicans
    • Proposed autonomous area:  Corsica
      • Political party: Partitu di a Nazione Corsa (EFA member)

 Alpes-Maritimes

Normandy

  • People: Normans
    • Proposed autonomous area: Normandy
      • Political party: Mouvement normand

Savoy

 Occitania

  • People: Occitans
    • Proposed autonomous area:  Occitania
      • Political parties: Partit Occitan (EFA member)

Chevreuse High Valley[28]

Georgia[]

Georgian administrative divisions are outlined in black. Occupied territories of Georgia are shown in pink.
Main article: Russo-Georgian War

Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia

Main article: Abkhaz–Georgian conflict
  • People: Abkhazians
    • De facto state:  Abkhazia[29] (recognized by 6 UN members)
      • Political organisation: Government of Abkhazia
      • Militant organisation: Abkhazian Armed Forces

Territory of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast

Main article: Ossetian–Georgian conflict
  • People: Ossetians
    • De facto state:  South Ossetia[30] (recognized by 5 UN members)

Germany[]

Bavaria
Southern Schleswig (with German, Danish and North Frisian place names)
East Frisia
Lusatia
North Frisia
Secessionist movements
Main article: Bavarian nationalism

Bavaria

  • People: Bavarians, Franconians, Swabians
    • Proposed state: Free State of Bavaria
      • Political party: Bavaria Party (EFA member)[31]
Autonomist movements

Bavaria

  • People: Bavarians, Franconians, Swabians
    • Proposed autonomous area: Bavaria
      • Political party: Bavaria Party (EFA member),[31] Christian Social Union in Bavaria
Main articles: Southern Schleswig Danish, Southern Schleswig, and Danish minority of Southern Schleswig

The Danes of Southern Schleswig

  • People: Danish
    • Proposed state: Southern Schleswig or unification with Denmark Denmark
      • Political party: South Schleswig Voter Federation

East Frisia (the latter includes  Saterland)

  • People: East Frisians, Frisians, Saterland Frisians
    • Proposed autonomous area: East Frisia
      • Political party: Die Friesen

Lusatia

  • People: Sorbs
    • Proposed autonomous area: Lusatia
      • Political party: Lusatian Alliance

North Frisia

  • People: North Frisians, Frisians
    • Proposed autonomous area: North Frisia
      • Political party: Die Friesen

Schleswig-Holstein

  • People: Danish, Frisians, Germans
    • Proposed autonomous area: Southern Schleswig
      • Political party: South Schleswig Voter Federation

Italy[]

Further information: Italian unification
Italian unification
Aosta Valley
Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Free Territory of Trieste
Lombardy
Sardinia
Sicily
South Tyrol
Map of the Venetian Republic, circa 1000

Aosta Valley

Main article: Friulian Front

Friuli-Venezia Giulia

  • People: Friulians
    • Proposed state: Friuli
      • Political parties:

Province of Trieste

  • Proposed state: Free Territory of Trieste
    • People: Italians, Slovenes
      • Political movements: Movimento Trieste Libera;[34] Territorio Libero di Trieste, ,[35][36]

Lombardy

Main article: Lombard nationalism

Northern Italy

Main article: Padanian nationalism

Sardinia

Main article: Sardinian nationalism

Sicily

Main article: Sicilian nationalism
  • People: Sicilians

South Tyrol

Main article: South Tyrolean secessionist movement

Veneto

Main article: Venetian nationalism

Kosovo[]

North Kosovo
Further information: Community of Serb Municipalities and International recognition of Kosovo

North Kosovo/Ibar Kolašin[42][43]

  • People: Kosovo Serbs
    • Proposed state: Community of Serb Municipalities within  Kosovo or re-unification with  Serbia[44]
      • Political organisations: Assembly of the Community of Municipalities (status unknown), Serb List

Latvia[]

Autonomist movements

Latgale

  • People Latgalians , Russians

Lithuania[]

Autonomist movements

Samogitia

Moldova[]

Transnistria
Gagauzia
Main article: Transnistria War
Breakaway state

Transnistria

Proposed secessionist movements

 Gagauzia

  • People: Gagauz
    • Proposed state: Republic of Gagauzia
      • Political organisation: Gagauzian People's Assembly

Netherlands[]

See also: List of active separatist movements in North America § Netherlands, and List of active separatist movements in South America § Netherlands
Friesland
Groningen
Proposed secessionist or autonomist movements

Frisia

  • People: Frisians, West Frisians
    • Proposed state or autonomous area: West Frisia, or unification with foreign states : Frisia
      • Political party: Frisian National Party, (EFA member) Die Friesen
      • Status: Democratic movement seeking greater autonomy for Frisian-speaking people in Friesland[45]

Poland[]

Autonomist movements

Silesia

  • People: Silesians
    • Proposed autonomous area: Silesia
      • Political party: Silesian Autonomy Movement[46]

Kashubia

  • People: Kashubians
    • Proposed autonomous area or state: Kashubia
Secessionist movements

Gdańsk

  • People: Danzigers, Poles and Kashubians
    • Proposed state: Free City of Danzig
      • Government in exile: Free City of Danzig Government in Exile

  • Silesia

  • Kashubia by Bernard Sychta as the Kashubian dialects area

Romania[]

Transylvania and Banat[47][48]

Location of Transylvania (left) and Banat (right)
  • People: Romanians, Hungarians, Transylvanian Saxons
    • Proposed autonomous area or state: Transylvania
      • Political organisations: Liga Transilvania-Banat,[49]
      • Advocacy organisations: Liga Pro Europa,[49] Provincia,[49] Autonomy for Transylvania[50] Democratic League of Transylvania (Liga Transilvania Democrată),[47][51] League of Banat (Liga Bănățeană)[48][52]

Székely Land

The historical Székely seats on the map of present-day Romania
Main article: Székely autonomy movement
  • People: Székelys
    • Proposed autonomous area: Székely Land
      • Political organisations: Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania, the demand for Hungarian autonomy has been part of their program since 1993.[53] Hungarian Civic Party, they signed a settlement with the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania about cooperation and joint support for Hungarian autonomy.[54] Hungarian People's Party of Transylvania (PPMT), the party proposes the establishments of Transylvanian parliament and government and supports the case of Székely autonomy in Székely Land.[55] It also advocates territorial autonomy for Partium.[56]
      • Advocacy organisations: Szekler National Council[57]

Partium

Russia[]

Main article: Dissolution of Russia
See also: List of active separatist movements in Asia § Russia

Summary[]

This table shows only the list of movements. The source of each movement is cited in its own section. The population of each area is provided for information only.

Number Land Capital Area Population Ethnic Main Political Party
Ural Federal District
1 Flag of Sverdlovsk Oblast.svg Ural Republic Yekaterinburg 194,800 4,300,000 Russians Ural Democratic Foundation
Volga Federal District
2 Flag of Idel-Ural State.svg Idel-Ural Kazan 321,400 11,000,000 Volga people Free Idel-Ural
3 Flag of Bashkortostan.svg Bashkortostan Ufa 143,600 4,050,000 Bashkorts The Heavenly Wolf
4 Flag of Tatarstan.svg Tatarstan Kazan 68,000 4,000,000 Tatars All-Tatar Public Center
8 Flag of Chuvashia.svg Chuvashia Cheboksary 18,300 1,250,000 Chuvash Chuvash National Movement
Northwestern Federal District
9 Flag of Komi.svg Komi Republic Syktyvkar 415,900 850,000 Komi Komi People's Congress
11 KarelianNationalFlag.svg Karelia Petrozavodsk 172,400 600,000 Karelians
12 Flag of Kaliningrad Oblast.svg Kaliningrad Kaliningrad 84,500 1,800,000 Kaliningradians Baltic Republican Party
13 Flag of Komi-Permyak Okrug.svg Permyakia Kudymkar 32,770 120,000 Permyaks Komi People's Congress
14 Flag of Leningrad Oblast.svg Leningrad Leningrad 15,100 1,000,000 Ingrians Free Ingria
Southern Federal District
15 Flag of Don Cossacks.svg Don Republic Rostov 100,800 4,200,000 Donians Free Cossack Movement (Rostov Oblast)
16 Flag of Kuban People's Republic.svg Kuban Krasnodar 76,000 5,300,000 Kubanians Free Cossack Movement (Krasnodar Krai)
North Caucasian Federal District
19 Flag of Adygea.svg Circassia Sochi 50,000 1,000,000 Circassians Circassian nationalism
20 Flag of the Chechen Republic.svg Chechnya Grozny 17,300 1,500,000 Chechens Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
21 Flag of the Lezgi people.svg Lezgistan Derbent 10,000 800,000 Lezgins Lezgin nationalism
22 Flag of Karachay-Balkaria.svg Karachay-Balkaria Karachayevsk 10,000 300,000 Karachays & Balkars Balkar and Karachay nationalism
25 Proposed Naval Jack of the Republic of Abkhazia.svg Abazinia Adlersky 2,000 50,000 Abazins World Congress of Abkhaz-Abazin people
27 Tabasaran National Movement flag .png Tabasaranstan Khuchni 1,400 75,000 Tabasarans Tabasaran National Movement
29 Flag of Dahadaevsky rayon (Dagestan).png Darginstan Levashi Unknown 500,000 Dargwa Free Society of Dargo
31 Nogai flag.svg Nogaia Erken Unknown 100,000 Nogais Association of Nogais of Dagestan
23 Flag of Ingushetia.svg Ingushetia Magas 3,000 500,000 Ingush Ingush People Council
Tatarstan
A protest in Kaliningrad Oblast
Map of Ingria/Leningrad Oblast claimed by the advocacy group of Free Ingria, which also likely comprises another federal subject, Saint Petersburg.
Location of Greater Ural Republic
Idel-Ural
Map of Nenetsia
Komi Republic
Republic of Karelia
Cossacks
Proposed divisions of the Caucasus Emirate

Autonomist movements[]

Komi-Permyak Okrug[59]

  • People: Komi and Komi-Permyaks
    • Proposed federal subject: Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug

Ural Federal District[]

Sverdlovsk Oblast[60][61][62]

  • People: Russians
    • Proposed state: Ural Republic
      • Advocacy groups: Ural Democratic Foundation, Free Ural

Volga Federal District[]

Main articles: Volga-Ural region, Volga region, Volga Federal District, Volga Tatars, Volga economic region, Volga River, Volga Bulgaria, Bulgarism, and Free Idel-Ural
Idel-Ural at the center of the Volga (Privolzhsky) Federal District
Republics of Idel-Ural

Idel-Ural[63][64]

  • People: Bashkirs, Chuvash, Erzya, Mari, Mokshas, Tatars, Udmurts

Tatarstan[65][66][67]

  • People: Tatars
    • Militant organisation: All-Tatar Public Center
      • Advocacy groups: The Union of Tatar Youth, Tatar Patriotic Front Altyn Urda, Tatar Social Center
      • Government in exile: Tatar Government in Exile
      • Organisation: Ittifaq Party
    • Proposed state: Tatarstan

 Udmurtia[68]

  • People: Udmurts
    • Proposed state:  Udmurtia
      • Movement: Congress of the Peoples of Udmurtia
      • Advocacy groups:Udmurt Kenesh, , ,
      • Political parties: ,

Bashkortostan[65]

  • People: Bashkir
    • Advocacy groups: Bashkort Public Organization, Bashkir Human Rights Movement, Council of Aksakals of Bashkortostan, Bashkir Social Movement
      • Political party: The Heavenly Wolf
    • Proposed state: Bashkortostan

Chuvashia[69]

  • People: Chuvash
    • Proposed state: Chuvashia
      • Movements: Chuvash National Movement, Chuvash Republican Youth
      • Organisation: Chuvash Ireklekh Society of National-Cultural Rebirth

Northwestern Federal District[]

 Komi Republic[70]

  • People: Komi
    • Proposed state:  Komi Republic
      • Political organisations: Komi Republican Organization
      • Advocacy movements: Komi Voityr, Finno-Ugric Peoples Consultative Committee
      • Organisation: Komi People's Congress

Leningrad Oblast[71][72]

  • People: Russians, Izhorians, Ingrians, Votes
    • Proposed state:  Ingria
      • Advocacy movement: Free Ingria

 Karelia

  • People: Karelian, Vepsians
    • Proposed state:  Karelia or unification with  Finland

Kaliningrad Oblast

  • People: Russian, Germans, Poles, Lithuanians, Old Prussian Descendants
    • Proposed state:
      • Regionalist: Kaliningrad[73]
      • Pro-German / Nationalist (especially Prussian revivalists): Prussia (region) ( East Prussia), unification with  Germany.
      • Pro-Baltic: Prussia (region)

Southern Federal District[]

Kalmykia[74][75]

  • People: Kalmyk people
    • Proposed state: Kalmykia

Kuban[76][77]

  • People: Kuban Cossacks
    • Advocacy movements: Klin-Yar, Kuban Cossack Host,
    • Proposed state: Kuban People's Republic (proclaimed in 1918), Kuban Republic (attempted to proclaim in 1991 as part of Union of Cossack Republics in Southern Russia in Union of Sovereign States that never founded both) Currently asking for federalisation (Now consist of Krasnodar Krai and accommodates the republics of Adygea, Karachay-Cherkessia, and parts of Stavropol Krai).

Don Republic[78][79]

  • People: Don Cossacks

 Republic of Crimea

Main article: Political status of Crimea
  • People: Crimean Tatars, Crimean Karaites

North Caucasian Federal District[]

Main articles: Insurgency in the North Caucasus, Caucasus Emirate, Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus, Ajnad al-Kavkaz, Khanates of the Caucasus, and Russification
Map of the North Caucasus region

 Chechnya

  • People: Chechens
    • Militant organisation: Chechen separatists
    • Proposed state: Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (government in exile)[81][82][83]
Greater Sochi map (Abazinia)/Adlersky City District and Khostinsky City District

Abazinia[84][85][86]

  • People: Abazins
    • Advocacy groups: Abaza Adkilra, Abaza Yurdu, Abzanhara, Unity (Adgylara)
    • Organisation: World Congress of Abkhaz-Abazin People
    • Proposed state: Abazinia
    • Proposed entity: Abazinia, including all ethnic Abazin parts and/or districts of Karachay-Cherkessia, Stavropol Krai and Kabardino-Balkaria or solely the rural locality of Psyzh

Circassia

  • People: Circassians
    • Movement: Circassian nationalism; Circassian Congress; Circassian Youth Initiative; Adyge Djegi; Adyghe Khase; International Circassian Association (member of UNPO)
    • Proposed entity: Circassia, including all regions historically included in Circassia and/or inhabited by Circassians (note: this includes Adygea as well as north Kabardino-Balkaria, north Karachay–Cherkessia, south-east Krasnodar Krai, and south Stavropol Krai)

Nogaia

  • People: Nogais
    • Proposed state: Nogaia[87]
    • Proposed entity: Nogaia, including all ethnic Nogai parts and/or districts of Dagestan, Chechnya and Astrakhan Oblast
      • Movement:
      • Political party:
      • Organisation:
    • Nogaia coverage area: Eastern Nogaia, Western Nogaia

Karachay-Balkaria

  • People: Balkars, Karachays
    • Movement: Various nationalist organisations in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay–Cherkessia
    • Goals: Autonomy for the Karachay and Balkaria, rather than in biethnic republics where they must share power with Russians and Circassians (division of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay–Cherkessia into smaller units, also popular for Circassian nationalists). Then, the unification of Karachay and Balkar units is advocated by some but not all nationalists (see Balkar and Karachai nationalism)
    • Proposed autonomous republic: Karachay-Balkar Republic (includes south Kabardino-Balkaria and south Karachey-Cherkessia)

Lezgistan

  • People: Lezgins
    • Proposed state: Lezgistan[88]
    • Proposed entity: Lezgistan, including all ethnic Lezgin parts and/or districts of Dagestan
      • Movement: Lezgin nationalism, Lezgin Movement of Caucasian Albania
      • Advocacy movement: Lezgin National Center
      • Political party: Lezgin Patriotic Union
      • Organisation: Federal Lezgin National Cultural Autonomy (member of UNPO)
    • Lezgistan coverage area: Suleiman-Stal, Magaramkent, Kurakh, Dokuzparin, Akhtyn, Derbent

Tabasaran National Movement flag .png Tabasaranstan

  • People: Tabasaran
    • Proposed state: Tabasaran National Movement flag .png Tabasaranstan[89]
      • Movement: Tabasaran National Movement
      • Militant organisation: Tabasaran Republican Front
    • Proposed entity: Tabasaranstan, including all ethnic Tabasaran parts and/or districts of Dagestan
    • Tabasaranstan coverage area: Khiv, Tabasaransky

Serbia[]

Main articles: Yugoslavia, Partition of Yugoslavia, and Southeast Europe
Republic of Vojvodina

Image Note: Republic of Vojvodina within federalized Serbia, proposed by the League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina in 1999 – the map also includes an autonomous Sandžak, Kosovo and the metropolitan area of Belgrade as a distinctive administrative unit as well

Autonomist movements

Vojvodina Vojvodina

Sandžak

Breakaway state

Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija

Slovakia[]

Linguistic makeup of Slovakia, according to Census 2011
Autonomist movements

Southern Slovakia:

  • People: Hungarians
    • Proposed autonomous area: Territorial autonomy for the compact Hungarian ethnic block and cultural autonomy for the regions of Hungarian presence,[91] or unification with  Hungary

Spain[]

Further information: National and regional identity in Spain
See also: List of active separatist movements in Africa § Spain
Regions in Spain with autonomist or separatist movements
Aragon
Asturias
Islas Baleares
Galicia
Navarra
Comunidad Valenciana
Cataluña
Secessionist movements

 Andalusia

Main article: Andalusian nationalism
  • People: Andalusian
    • Proposed state: Andalusia Andalusia
      • Political parties (nationalist): Bloque Andaluz de Izquierdas
      • Political parties (secessionist): Nación Andaluza, Candidatura Unitaria de Trabajadores

 Aragon

Main article: Aragonese nationalism

 Asturias

Main article: Asturian nationalism

Basque Country (autonomous community) Basque Country (autonomous community)

Main articles: Basque nationalism and Basque independence
  • People: Basques
    • Proposed state: Basque Country (autonomous community) Basque Country (greater region) – Euskal Herria[16]
      • Political parties: Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea (Basque Nationalist Party) (member of the European Democratic Party), Eusko Alkartasuna (EFA member), Bildu, Eusko Abertzale Ekintza (Basque Nationalist Action)
      • Trade union: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
      • Youth advocacy groups: EGI, Gazte Abertzaleak, Haika] (illegalised) Segi, Ikasle Abertzaleak

Castile

Main article: Castilian nationalism
  • People Castilians
    • Proposed state: Castile
      • Political parties (autonomist): Castilian Party
      • Political parties (secessionist): Izquierda Castellana
      • Youth movements: Yesca

 Catalonia

Main articles: Catalan nationalism; Catalan independence; Catalan independence referendum, 2017; and Catalan declaration of independence

Galicia (Spain) Galicia

Main articles: Galicianism, Galician nationalism, and Galician independence

León

 Navarre

Main article: Basque nationalism
  • People: Navarran or Navarrese (a subgroup of Basque people)
    • Proposed states: unification with the  Basque Country – Euskal Herria
      • Political parties: Geroa Bai, Bildu, Basque Nationalist Action, Batasuna
      • Militant organisations: ETA (Euskadi Ta Askatasuna) (ceasefire since 2011)
      • Political parties (secessionist): FREPIC-AWAÑAK, Alternativa Nacionalista Canaria, Alternativa Popular Canaria, Unidad del Pueblo
      • Trade union: Intersindical Canaria
      • Youth movement: Azarug

Valencian Community Valencia

Main articles: Valencianism, Valencian nationalism, and Catalan nationalism
  • People: Valencians – Catalanics (those with Catalan ancestry)
    • Proposed state: Valencian Country or unification with Catalan Countries
      • Political parties: Valencian Nationalist Bloc, Initiative of the Valencian People, Popular Unity Candidates, Republican Left of the Valencian Country, Valencian State, Valencian Nationalist Left, Valencian Left
      • Advocacy groups: Pro-Catalan Valencianists (who defend Pan-Catalanism and Fuster's theories) propose the creation of a Valencian State and some type of reconnection with the rest of Catalan-speaking areas. Only a minor tendency within anti-Catalan Valencianism (Blaverism) proposed independence of the Kingdom of Valencia from both Catalonia and Spain.[95][96]
      • Youth advocacy groups: Arran, Youths of Compromís (mostly soveranist and non-secessionist), Youths of Republican Left of the Valencian Country

Additionally, there are a number of almost extinct secessionist or soveranist movements in other autonomous communities and historical territories, e.g. Extremadura and Murcia.

Aran Valley

Main article: Occitan nationalism

Switzerland[]

Main article: Languages of Switzerland
Autonomist movements

Jura region

See also: Jura separatism
  • People: Jurassien (French-speaking)
    • Proposed autonomous area: unification of the three districts of Bernese Jura and the Laufen District with the Canton of Jura
      • Militant organisations: Mouvement Autonomiste Jurassien (Jurassian Autonomist Movement),[97] Groupe Bélier (Youth activists movement)[98]

  • Jura region

  • The French-speaking part of Switzerland is shown in green on this map

Sweden[]

Scania

Scania

  • Ethnocultural people: Scanians
    • Proposed state: Scania or reunification with  Denmark
      • Political party: Scania Party

Ukraine[]

Temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine
Main article: Russo-Ukrainian War

 Autonomous Republic of Crimea and  Sevastopol

Main article: Political status of Crimea

 Donetsk Oblast,  Luhansk Oblast

United Kingdom[]

Main articles: Separatism in the United Kingdom, Federalism in the United Kingdom, and Countries of the United Kingdom
Countries of the United Kingdom
Map of current local administrative units in the United Kingdom
Cornwall
Northern England
North East England
Yorkshire
The Kingdom of the Isles about the year 1100
Isle of Man
Secessionist movements

 Cornwall

See also: Cornish nationalism
  • People: Cornish
    • Proposed state:  Cornwall
      • Political parties: Mebyon Kernow Cornish Nationalist Party
      • Advocacy groups: Celtic League[19]

 England

See also: English nationalism and English independence
  • People: English
    • Proposed state:  England
      • Political parties: English Democrats[104]

Fife

  • People: Fifers
    • Proposed state: Kingdom of Fife

Northern Ireland

See also: Irish nationalism, Irish republicanism, United Ireland, The Troubles, and Dissident Irish Republican campaign

 Scotland

See also: Scottish nationalism, Scottish independence, Scottish independence referendum 2014, and Proposed second Scottish independence referendum

Northern England

See also: Devolution to the North of England

 Wales

See also: Welsh nationalism and Welsh independence
  • People: Welsh

 London

See also: London independence
Autonomist movements
See also: Devolution in the United Kingdom

 England

See also: Devolved English parliament and English nationalism

 Scotland

See also: Devolution in Scotland and Scottish nationalism
  • People: Scots
    • Proposed autonomous area:  Scotland
      • Political parties: Scottish National Party (EFA member)[115]

 Wales

See also: Welsh nationalism
  • People: Welsh
    • Proposed autonomous area:  Wales
      • Political parties: Plaid Cymru

 Cornwall (possibly including the Isles of Scilly)

See also: Cornish nationalism, Constitutional status of Cornwall, and Cornish Assembly
  • People: Cornish
    • Proposed autonomous area:  Cornwall
      • Political parties: Green Party of England and Wales,[116] Mebyon Kernow (EFA member), Cornish Nationalist Party, Liberal Democrats[117][118]
      • Advocacy groups: Celtic League, Cornish Constitutional Convention, Cornwall 2000, Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament, Wessex Constitutional Convention[119]

North East England

 Shetland

  • People: People of Shetland
    • Proposed autonomous area:  Shetland

Wessex[122]

 Yorkshire

  • People: People of Yorkshire
Independence movements of dependent territories

 Isle of Man

  • People: Manx
  • Proposed State:  Isle of Man
    • Political party: Mec Vannin
    • Advocacy group: Celtic League[19]

See also[]

References[]

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External links[]

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