List of active separatist movements in North America
This is a list of currently "active" separatist movements in North America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must be movements that currently exist, which are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region.
- They are active movements with living, active members.
- They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region.
- They are the citizen/peoples of the conflict area and do not come from other countries.
Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
- De facto state: for regions with de facto autonomy from the government
- Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state
- Proposed autonomous area: for movements toward greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession
- De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region
- Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control
- Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession
- Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations (sometimes called terrorist organisations)
- Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities
- Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s)
Antigua and Barbuda[]
Flag of the Barbuda Council
- Proposed State: Barbuda
- Political parties: Barbuda People's Movement[1]
Canada[]
Cascadia
Quebec
Results of the 1995 Quebec independence referendum. 49.42% voted in favour of independence.
Alberta
Regions and islands[]
Cascadia- Proposed state: Republic of Cascadia
- Pressure group: Cascadia Department of Bioregion[2]
Western Canada- Proposed state: Buffalo Republic
- Proposed entity: Includes Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Saskatchewan, Yukon.
- Pressure group: Maverick Party
Individual provinces[]
Saskatchewan- Buffalo Party of Saskatchewan
Quebec- Quebec sovereignty movement
- Civil organization: Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society, Mouvement national des Québécois et des Québécoises (MNQ), Rassemblement pour l'indépendance du Québec (RIQ), Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté (IPSO), Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec (MLNQ), Réseau de Résistance du Québecois (RRQ)
- Political party: Parti Québécois, Bloc Québécois, Québec solidaire, Communist Party of Canada, Marxist–Leninist Party of Quebec
- Quebec
- Quebec autonomy movement
Denmark[]
Map of Greenland
- Secessionist movements
- Greenlandic independence movement[4][5]
- Political party: Inuit Ataqatigiit, Siumut, Naleraq and Nunatta Qitornai.
France[]
Map of Guadeloupe
Map of Martinique
Map of Saint Barthelemy
Map of Saint Martin
- Autonomist movements or Secessionist movements
Guadeloupe
- Proposed state:
Republic of Guadeloupe
Martinique
- Proposed state:
Republic of Martinique
- Political party:
Martinican Independence Movement
- Political party:
Mexico[]
Zapatista
Mexican states[]
Zapatista (Chiapas)
- Ethnic group: Mayans, Tzotzil
- De facto autonomous area:
Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities
- Political parties: Council of Good Government
- Militant organization: Zapatista Army of National Liberation
- De facto autonomous area:
Nicaragua[]
Mosquito
Mosquito
- Ethnic group: Miskito people
- Proposed state: Communitarian Nation of Moskitia
Saint Kitts and Nevis[]
Nevis and the neighbour Saint Kitts island.
Nevis[6]
- Proposed state: Dominion of Nevis.
- Political parties: Nevis Reformation Party (autonomist), Concerned Citizens' Movement (secessionist)
United States[]
Cascadia
Southern US
California
Hawaii
Puerto Rico
Regions[]
- Cascadia
- Proposed state: Republic of Cascadia
- Pressure group: Cascadia Department of Bioregion[2]
Republic of Lakotah proposal- Proposed State: Republic Of Lakotah
- Pressure Group Lakota Freedom Movement
Confederate States of America
- Proposed state: Confederate States of America or Southern United States or Dixie or Dixieland
- Pressure groups: League of the South, other neo-Confederate groups
- Proposed state: Republic of New Afrika
- Racial group: African Americans
- Proposed entity: Includes Louisiana, Alabama, South Carolina, Georgia, and Mississippi
Northwest Territorial Imperative[7][8]
- Racial group: White Americans
- Proposed state: Northwest American Republic
- Pressure groups: White supremacists[7][9]
- Racial group: Chicano Movement, Chicano
- Pressure groups: Brown Berets,MEChA (Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlán, "Chicano Student Movement of Aztlán"), Plan Espiritual de Aztlán, Freedom Road Socialist Organization, which calls for self-determination for the Chicano nation in Aztlan up to and including the right to secession.
States[]
- Proposed state: Republic of Alaska
- Political party: Alaskan Independence Party[11]
- Proposed state: Second Californian Republic/"New" California
- Ethnic group: Americans, Californios, Indigenous Californians
- Pressure groups: Russian government,[12][13][14] Yes California, Californians for Independence
- Political parties: California National Party, California Freedom Coalition
- Proposed state:
Kingdom of Hawaii or Republic of Hawaii
- Ethnic group: Americans, Hawaiians, Native Hawaiians, Haoles
- Pressure groups: Hawaiian sovereignty movement, Nation of Hawaiʻi (organization), Office of Hawaiian Affairs, Ka Lāhui Hawaiʻi
- Political party: Aloha ʻĀina Party
(The purpose of these organizations and The Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement is to create Native Hawaiian nations within the State of Hawaii equal to Native American nations, or to obtain complete independence from the US).
- Proposed state:
Republic of Texas
Territories[]
Independence movement in Puerto Rico
- Political party: Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP), Movimiento Victoria Ciudadana (MVC)
- Pressure groups: Puerto Rican Nationalist Party, Movimiento Independentista Nacional Hostosiano (MINH), Socialist Front (FS)
- Militant organization: Boricua Popular Army (Macheteros), Cadets of the Republic
See also[]
References[]
- ^ "Heated debate on Barbuda secession begins in parliament". Antigua Observer. Antigua Observer. 25 September 2020. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
- ^ a b "Cascadia Department of Bioregion home page". Retrieved 2022-03-21.
- ^ Cecco, Leyland; Agren, David (25 November 2019). "Wexit: Alberta's frustration fuels push for independence from Canada". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
- ^ "Greenland Steps Up Its Independence Calls as Oil Ambitions Grow". Bloomberg.com. 2011-01-11. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
- ^ "As the ice melts, Greenland considers its future". BBC News. 2020-01-09. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
- ^ "Independence for Nevis still on the agenda, says premier". Caribbean Net News. 2006-07-16. Archived from the original on 2006-08-08. Retrieved 2019-03-19.
- ^ a b "North American Republic". Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved 2019-12-13.
- ^ "Nazi and Neo-Nazi Flags in the United States, Northwest Front, Flags of the World".
- ^ Gardell, Mattias (2003-06-27). Gods of the Blood: The Pagan Revival and White Separatism. Duke University Press. pp. 112–13. ISBN 9780822330592.
- ^ "'Hispanic Homeland'". Archived from the original on 2012-11-07.
- ^ "Alaskan Independence Party".
- ^ "'Russian trolls' promoted California independence". BBC News. 2017-11-04. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
- ^ "From His Home in Russia, #Calexit Leader Plots California Secession". KQED. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
- ^ Robinson, Melia. "Californians are talking about trying to leave the United States in a 'Calexit'". Business Insider. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
- ^ "Russia's blueprint for political chaos: Alleged hacking may just be part of Vladimir Putin's grand game". Salon. 2016-12-29. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
- ^ "Inside the Russian effort to fuel American secessionists". Retrieved 2020-12-16.
Categories:
- North America-related lists
- Disputed territories in North America
- Lists of active separatist movements
- Society-related lists
- Separatism in North America