List of contemporary ethnic groups
The following is a list of contemporary ethnic groups. There has been constant debate over the classification of ethnic groups. Membership of an ethnic group tends to be associated with shared ancestry, history, homeland, language or dialect and cultural heritage; where the term "culture" specifically includes aspects such as religion, mythology and ritual, cuisine, dressing (clothing) style and other factors.
By the nature of the concept, ethnic groups tend to be divided into subgroups, which may themselves be or not be identified as independent ethnic groups depending on the source consulted.
Ethnic groups[]
The groups commonly identified as "ethnic groups" (as opposed to ethno-linguistic phyla, national groups, racial groups or similar) are at least 100,000 in population.
Ethnicity | Language & Origin | Primary homeland | Subgroups, tribes & castes | Majority (plurality) religion and sect |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abazins | Northwest Caucasian → Abazgi → Abaza | Abazinia (Russia) | Significant populations in Turkey, Egypt and Ukraine | Islam → Sunni |
Abkhazians | Northwest Caucasian → Abazgi → Abkhaz | Abkhazia (Georgia) [note 1] | Christianity→ Eastern Orthodoxy, Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Acehnese | Austronesian → Chamic → Acehnese | Aceh (Indonesia) | Aneuk Jamee | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Acholi | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Luo → Acholi | Acholiland (Uganda, South Sudan) | Christianity | |
Adjoukrou | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Adjukru | Dabou (Ivory Coast) | Christianity | |
Afar | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Afar | Afaria (Ethiopia, Djibouti, Eritrea) | Islam | |
Afemai | Niger–Congo → Edoid → Afenmai | Edo State (Nigeria) | Christianity | |
Afrikaners | Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Afrikaans | South Africa (Northern and Western Cape), Namibia, Botswana | Boers | Christianity→ Protestantism |
Agaw | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Agaw[note 2] | Horn of Africa (Ethiopia, Eritrea)[note 3] | Bilen, Ximre, Awi, Qemant | Christianity→ Oriental Orthodoxy |
Ahom | Kra–Dai → Tai → Ahom[note 4] | Assam (India) | Hinduism | |
Aimaq | Indo-European → Iranian → Persian → Aimaq | Afghanistan | Aimaq Hazara, Firozkohi, Jamshidi, Kipchak, Timuri, Taymani | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Aja | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → Adja | Benin, Togo | Traditional African religions | |
Akan | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Akan[note 5] | Gold Coast (Ghana)[note 6] | Twi (including Ashanti and Akuapem), Fante, Abbé, Abidji, Ahafo, Ahanta, Akwamu, Akyem, Anyi, Aowin, Assin, Attie, Avatime, Avikam, Baoulé, Brong, Chakosi, Evalue, M'Bato, Nzema, Sefwi, Tchaman, Wasa, Abure, Alladian | Christianity |
Akha | Sino-Tibetan → Loloish → Hani → Akha | Yunnan (Pu'er and Xishuangbanna)[note 7] | Akeu | Animism |
Albanians | Indo-European → Albanian | Albania, Kosovo, Ilirida (North Macedonia), Chameria (Greece), Preševo Valley (Serbia) | Ghegs, Tosks (including Arbëreshë and Arvanites), Kosovars, Cham Albanians, Macedonian Albanians, along with significant populations in Turkey, Germany, Switzerland and the United States | Islam and Christianity |
Alur | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Luo → Alur | West Nile sub-region (Uganda), Ituri (Democratic Republic of the Congo) | Christianity | |
Ambonese | Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Ambonese Malay | Ambon Island (Indonesia) | Christianity→ Protestantism | |
Ambundu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kimbundu | Angola | Christianity | |
Amhara | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Amharic | Amharia (Ethiopia) | Christianity→ Oriental Orthodoxy | |
Amis | Austronesian → Formosan → Amis | Taiwan (Taitung and Hualien Counties) | Animism, Christianity | |
Anaang | Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ibibio-Efik → Anaang | Akwa Ibom State (Nigeria) | Christianity | |
Anuak | Nilo-Saharan �� Nilotic → Luo → Anuak | Anuakia (Ethiopia), Boma (South Sudan) | Christianity | |
Apache | Dené–Yeniseian → Na-Dene → Apachean[note 8] | Apacheria (United States) | Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Salinero, Plains Apache, Western Apache | Native American religion → Native American Church |
Arabs | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Arabic | Arabian peninsula, Syrian Desert and West Asia[note 9] | Bedouins, Shirazis (including Zanzibaris, Comorians and Maores), Baggara, Arab-Berbers (including Algerians, Libyans, Mauritanians, Moroccans, Sahrawis and Tunisians), Bahrainis, Sudanese, Druze, Egyptians, Iraqis (including Marsh Arabs), Palestinians, Lebanese (including Maronites), Kuwaitis, Omanis (including Dhofaris), Qataris, Saudis (including Rashaida, Hejazis, and Najdis), Syrians (including Alawites), Jordanians, Emiratis, Yemenis (including Hadhrami, Taʽizzi-Adenis, Akhdam, Sanʽani, and Tihami), along with significant populations in Brazil, Indonesia, Iran, Turkey, Pakistan (including Mugheri), Venezuela, Afghanistan, and the United States | Islam |
Argobba | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Argobba[note 10] | Ethiopia (Afar, Harari, Amhara, and Oromia Regions)[note 3] | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Armenians | Indo-European → Armenian | Greater Armenia (Armenia, Republic of Artsakh, Turkey)[note 11] | Turkish Armenians (including Armenians in Istanbul, Hemshin and Hidden Armenians), Cherkesogai, Armeno-Tats, Hayhurum Karabakhis, along with significant populations in Russia, the United States, France, Georgia (including the Javakheti Armenians), Lebanon, and Germany | Christianity→ Oriental Orthodoxy |
Aromanians | Indo-European → Romance → Aromanian | Balkans (Greece, Albania, North Macedonia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania)[note 3] | Significant populations in Greece, Albania, and North Macedonia | Christianity→ Eastern Orthodoxy |
Assyrians | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Neo-Aramaic[note 12] | Assyria (Iraq, Iran, Syria, Turkey)[note 13] | Iraqi Assyrians, Turkish Assyrians, Syrian Assyrians and Iranian Assyrians. Groupings include Chaldean Assyrians from Nineveh and Bohtan, Syriac Assyrians from Tur Abdin, Hakkari and Urmia tribes including; Tyari, Jilu, Baz, Tkhuma, Nochiya. Majority in diaspora | Christianity→ Syriac Christianity |
Atayal | Austronesian → Formosan → Atayal | Taiwan | Animism, Christianity | |
Atoni | Austronesian → Timoric → Uab Meto | West Timor (Indonesia), Oecusse (East Timor) | Amarasi | Christianity |
Atyap | Niger–Congo → Plateau → Atyap | Kaduna State (Nigeria) | Christianity | |
Austrians | Indo-European → Germanic → German → Bavarian | Austria, South Tyrol | Significant populations in United States, Canada, and Australia | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Avars | Northeast Caucasian → Avar | Dagestan (Russia) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Awadhis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Awadhi | Awadh (India) | Barhai | Hinduism |
Aymara | Aymaran → Aymara | Bolivia, Peru, Chile | Mestizos such as Bolivians | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Azerbaijanis | Turkic → Oghuz → Azeri | Azerbaijan, Iranian Azerbaijan (Iran) | Ayrums, Bayat, Karadaghis, Qajars, Küresünni, Padar, Qarapapaqs, Shahsevan, Terekeme, Yeraz, Afshar, Iranian Azeris, along with significant populations in Georgia and Russia | Islam → Shia Islam |
Bahnar | Austroasiatic → Bahnar | Central Highlands, Vietnam | Animism | |
Bai | Sino-Tibetan → Bai | Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (China) | Buddhsm | |
Bakossi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Akoose | Bakossi Mountains (Cameroon) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Balanta | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Balanta | Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, The Gambia | Traditional African religions | |
Balinese | Austronesian → Balinese | Bali (Indonesia) | Bali Aga | Hinduism |
Balkars | Turkic → Kipchak → Balkar | Kabardino-Balkaria (Russia) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Balochs | Indo-European → Iranian → Balochi | Balochistan (Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan) | Askani, Bajkani, Bangulzai, Barazani, Bhurgari, Bugti, Buledi, Chandio, Darzada, Dehwar, Dodai, Dombki, Gabol, Ghazini, Jamali, Jatoi, Kalmati, Khetran, , Langhani, Lango, , Loharani, Lund, Marri, Mazari, Mengal, , Mugheri, Muhammad Shahi, Mullazai, , Pitafi, Qaisrani, Rind, , , , Talpur, , Umrani, Yarahmadzai, Zardari, Makrani, along with significant populations in the United Arab Emirates (including Al Balushi) and Turkmenistan | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Balti | Sino-Tibetan → Tibetic → Balti | Gilgit-Baltistan (Pakistan) | Islam → Shia Islam | |
Bamars | Sino-Tibetan → Burmese | Myanmar | Taungyo, Yaw, Intha, Danu, Anglo-Burmese | Buddhsm → Theravada Buddhism |
Bambara | Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding → Bambara | Mali | Haratin | Islam |
Bamileke | Niger–Congo → Grassfields → Bamileke[note 2] | Cameroon (West and Northwest regions) | Mengaka, Ngiemboon, Ngombale, Ngomba, Ngwe, Yemba, Fe'fe', Ghomala', Kwaʼ, , Medumba | Christianity |
Bamum | Niger–Congo → Grassfields → Bamum | West Region (Cameroon) | Islam | |
Banda | Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Banda[note 2] | Central African Republic, South Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo | Central Banda, South Banda, West Banda | Christianity |
Banjarese | Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Banjarese | South Kalimantan (Indonesia) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Bari | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Bari | Central Equatoria (South Sudan), Uganda | Pojulu, Kakwa, Nyangwara, , Kuku | Christianity |
Bariba | Niger–Congo → Gur → Bariba | Borgu (Benin, Nigeria) | Islam | |
Bashkirs | Turkic → Kipchak → Bashkir | Bashkortostan (Russia) | Islam | |
Basques | Basque[note 14] | Basque Country (Spain, France) | Significant populations in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela, and Uruguay | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Bassa | Niger–Congo → Kru → Bassa | Bassaland (Liberia) | Christianity→ Protestantism | |
Batak | Austronesian → Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands → Batak[note 2] | North Sumatra (Indonesia) | Angkola, Karo, Mandailing, Pakpak, Simalungun, Toba, Alas, Kluet, Singkil | Christianity→ Protestantism |
Beja | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Beja | Sudan, Egypt, Eritrea | Bishari, Ababda, Hadendoa, Hedareb, Amarar, Beni-Amer | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Belarusians | Indo-European → Slavic → Belarusian[note 15] | Belarus | Significant populations in the United States, Ukraine, and Russia | Christianity→ Eastern Orthodoxy |
Bemba | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bemba | Zambia (Northern, Luapula, and Copperbelt Provinces), Katanga Province (Democratic Republic of the Congo) | Christianity→ Protestantism | |
Bembe | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bembe | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania | Christianity | |
Bengalis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bengali | Bengal (Bangladesh, India) | Bengali Muslims, Bengali Hindus, Bangladeshis, along with the Bangladeshi diaspora, Bengali Hindu diaspora, (British Bangladeshis, Middle Eastern Bangladeshis, Malaysian Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Canadians, Italo-Bangladeshis, Polish Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi New Zealanders, Bangladeshi Australians, Maldivian Bangladeshis, Japanese Bangladeshis, Bengali Americans and Bangladeshi Americans), Bangal, Ghotis, Dhakaiyas, Sylhetis | Islam → Sunni Islam
Hinduism |
Berbers | Afroasiatic → Berber[note 2] | Maghreb (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya) | Brabers, Chaouis, Kabyle, Sahrawi, Chenouas, Ghomaras, Hawwara, Jerbis, Matmatas, Mozabite, Nafusis, Rifian, Sanhaja de Srair, Shilha, Siwi, Tuaregs, Awjila, Arab-Berbers (including Algerians, Libyans, Moroccans, and Tunisians), along with significant populations in France, Belgium, and the Netherlands | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Berom | Niger–Congo → Plateau → Berom | Plateau State (Nigeria) | Christianity | |
Berta | Nilo-Saharan → Berta | Benishangul-Gumuz Region (Ethiopia), South Sudan | Islam | |
Betawis | Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Betawian | Jakarta (Indonesia) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Beti | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Beti[note 16] | Cameroon | Ewondo, Eton | Christianity |
Bhils | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bhil[note 2] | India (Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra) | Barda, Bhagalia, Bhilala, Bhil Gametia, Bhil Garasia, Bhil Kataria, Bhil Mama, Bhil Mavchi, Dholi Bhil, Dungri Bhil, Damor, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Bhil, Nirdhi Bhil, Rawal Bhil, Tadvi Bhil, Vasava, Bhil Meena, Chaudhri | Hinduism |
Bhojpuris | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Bhojpuri | India, Nepal | Paswan, Thakur, Teli | Hinduism |
Bhumij | Austroasiatic → Munda → Bhumij[note 17] | India (West Bengal, Odisha, Jharkhand) | Sarnaism | |
Bicolanos | Austronesian → Philippine → Bikol[note 2] | Bicol Region (Philippines) | Central Bikol, Sorsoganons, Catandunganons, Rinconada, Albayanon | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Bidayuh | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Land Dayak[note 2] | Sarawak (Malaysia) | Kendayan, Selako, Bakatiʼ, Sara Bakati', Laraʼ, Bukar –Sadong, Biatah, Tringgus, Jagoi, Jangkang, Kembayan, Semandang, Ribun, Nyaduʼ, Sanggau | Christianity |
Bilala | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Naba | Lake Fitri (Chad) | Islam | |
Bishnupriya Manipuris | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bishnupriya Manipuri | Manipur (India), Bangladesh | Hinduism | |
Bissa | Niger–Congo → Mande → Bissa | Burkina Faso | Islam | |
Blaan | Austronesian → Philippine → Blaan | Soccsksargen (Philippines) | Anitism | |
Boa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Boa | Bas-U��lé (Democratic Republic of the Congo) | Christianity | |
Bodo | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Bodo | Bodoland (India) | Mech, Kachari | Bathouism, Hinduism |
Bosniaks | Indo-European → Slavic → Serbo-Croatian → Bosnian | Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sandžak (Serbia, Montenegro) | Significant populations in Serbia, Turkey, Austria, Germany and the United States | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Bouyei | Kra–Dai → Tai → Bouyei | Guizhou (China) | Giáy | Moism |
Bozo | Niger–Congo → Mande → Bozo | Mali | Islam | |
Brahuis | Dravidian → Brahui | Balochistan (Pakistan) | Raisani, Jhalawan, Sarawan, Mengal (including Zagar and Zakria Zae), Sasoli | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Bretons | Indo-European → Celtic → Breton[note 18] | Brittany (France) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Bru | Austroasiatic → Katuic → Bru | Savannakhet province (Laos), Vietnam (Quảng Bình and Quảng Trị provinces) | Animism | |
Budu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Budu | Wamba Territory (Democratic Republic of the Congo) | Christianity | |
Buduma | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Yedina | Lake Chad (Chad, Nigeria, Cameroon) | Islam | |
Buginese | Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Buginese | South Sulawesi (Indonesia) | Islam | |
Bulgarians | Indo-European → Slavic → Bulgarian | Bulgaria | Pomaks, along with significant populations in Turkey, Ukraine and Moldova, Romania and Serbia, Germany, Spain and the United States | Christianity→ Eastern Orthodoxy |
Burusho | Burushaski | Gilgit-Baltistan (Pakistan) | Islam → Shia Islam | |
Butonese | Austronesian → Celebic → Butonese[note 2] | Buton (Indonesia) | Islam | |
Bwa | Niger–Congo → Gur → Bwa[note 2] | Burkina Faso, Mali | Traditional African religions | |
Catalans | Indo-European → Romance → Catalan | Catalan Countries (Spain, France) | Valencians, Balearics, Andorrans | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Chakmas | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Chakma | Chittagong Hill Tracts (Bangladesh) | Buddhsm → Theravada Buddhism | |
Chamorro | Austronesian → Chamorro | Mariana Islands (United States) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Chams | Austronesian → Chamic → Cham | Champa (Cambodia, Vietnam) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Chechens | Northeast Caucasian → Nakh → Chechen | Chechnya (Russia) | Kists | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Cherokee | Iroquoian → Cherokee[note 19] | United States (North Carolina, Tennessee)[note 20] | Cherokee Nation, Eastern Band, United Keetoowah Band | Christianity |
Chewa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chewa | Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique | Christianity | |
Cheyenne | Algic → Algonquian → Cheyenne | United States (Montana, Oklahoma) | Christianity | |
Choctaw | Muskogean → Choctaw[note 19] | United States (Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana)[note 20] | Christianity | |
Chokwe | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chokwe | Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia | Christianity | |
Chukchi | Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukchi | Chukchia | Chuvans | Russian Orthodoxy |
Chutiya | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Deori[note 4] | Assam (India) | Deori | Hinduism |
Chuukese | Austronesian → Micronesian → Chuukese | Chuuk Lagoon (Federated States of Micronesia) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Chuvash | Turkic → Oghur → Chuvash | Chuvashia (Russia) | Virjal, Anatri | Christianity→ Eastern Orthodoxy |
Circassians | Northwest Caucasian → Circassian[note 2] | Circassia (Russia)[note 1] | Adygeans, Kabardians, Cherkess, Shapsugs | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Copts | Afroasiatic → Coptic[note 21] | Egypt | Sudan and Libya along with the Coptic diaspora | Christianity→ Coptic Orthodoxy |
Cornish | Indo-European → Celtic → Cornish[note 22] | Cornwall (United Kingdom) | Significant populations in the United States and Australia | Christianity |
Corsicans | Indo-European → Romance → Corsican[note 18] | Corsica (France) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Cree | Algic → Algonquian → Cree[note 23] | Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador) | Innu, Naskapi, Atikamekw, James Bay Cree, Moose Cree, Swampy Cree, Woods Cree, Plains Cree, Métis (including Métis in Canada), Oji-Cree | Christianity |
Croats | Indo-European → Slavic → Serbo-Croatian → Croatian | Croatia, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia and Herzegovina) | Bunjevci, Krashovani, Janjevci, Šokci , Bosnian Croats, along with significant populations in Italy (including Molise Croats), Austria, United States, Chile, Argentina, Germany, Australia and Canada | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Czechs | Indo-European → Slavic → Czech | Czech Republic | Bohemians, Moravians, Silesians, along with significant populations in United States and Canada | Christianity→ Catholicism[note 24] |
Dagaaba | Niger–Congo → Gur → Dagaare | Ghana, Burkina Faso | Christianity | |
Dagombas | Niger–Congo → Gur → Dagbani | Kingdom of Dagbon (Ghana) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Damara | Khoe → Khoekhoe | Damaraland (Namibia) | Christianity | |
Danes | Indo-European → Germanic → Nordic → Danish | Denmark | Significant populations in the United States, Canada, Greenland, and Germany. | Christianity→ Protestantism |
Dargins | Northeast Caucasian → Dargwa | Dagestan (Russia) | Kaitag, Kubachi, Itsari, Chirag | Islam |
Deccani | Indo-European → Indo-Iranian → Indo-Aryan→ Urdu → Deccani Urdu | Deccan (South-Central India) | Hyderabadi | Islam |
Dinka | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Dinka | South Sudan | Christianity | |
Dogon | Niger–Congo → Dogon[note 2] | Bandiagara Escarpment (Mali) | Ampari Dogon | Traditional African religions |
Dogras | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Dogri | Jammu Division (India) | Hinduism | |
Dubla | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bhil → Dubli[note 25] | Gujarat (India) | Hinduism | |
Dutch | Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch | Netherlands | Gronings, Mennonites (including Russian Mennonites), and numerous colonial descendants such as Arubans, Bonairians, Curaçaoans, Sabans, St. Maarteners, St. Eustatians, Surinamese, Indos, and Dutch Burghers, along with significant populations in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand | Christianity[note 24] |
Dyula | Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding → Dyula | Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Mali | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Ebira | Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Ebira | Kogi State (Nigeria) | Islam | |
Edo | Niger–Congo → Edoid → Edo | Edo State (Nigeria) | Ika, Emai | Christianity |
Efik | Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ibibio-Efik → Efik | Cross River State (Nigeria) | Christianity | |
Ekoi | Niger–Congo → Ekoi | Nigeria, Cameroon | Christianity | |
Emberá | Choco → Embera | Chocó Department (Colombia), Panama (Darién, Emberá) | Shamanism | |
English | Indo-European → Germanic → English | England (United Kingdom)[note 26] | Numerous colonial descendants include Americans (including English Travellers of Texas[disambiguation needed][note 27]), English Canadians, Australians, New Zealanders, English South Africans, and significant populations in Commonwealth Caribbean, Saint Helena, Botswana, Kenya, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Pakistan, Myanmar, India, Sri Lanka, Hong Kong, and Singapore. | Christianity→ Protestantism |
Esan | Niger–Congo → Edoid → Esan | Esanland (Nigeria) | Christianity | |
Estonians | Uralic → Finnic → Estonian | Estonia, Setomaa | Võros, Setos | Christianity→ Protestantism[note 24] |
Evenks | Tungusic → Evenki | Russia, China | Shamanism | |
Ewe | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → Ewe | Togo, Ghana | Anlo Ewe, Waci | Christianity |
Fang | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Beti → Fang | Río Muni (Equatorial Guinea), Gabon | Christianity | |
Fijians | Austronesian → Fijian | Fiji | Christianity→ Protestantism | |
Finns | Uralic → Finnic → Finnish | Finland | Kvens, Forest Finns, Tornedalians, Ingrian Finns, along with significant populations in Sweden, United States, and Canada. | Christianity→ Protestantism |
Flemings | Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch | Flanders (Belgium), French Flanders | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Fon | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → Fon | Dahomey (Benin) | Egun | Christianity→ Catholicism |
French | Indo-European → Romance → French | France, Romandy (Switzerland), Aosta Valley (Italy) | Arpitans, Burgundians, Champenois, Free Countians, Gallo, Lorrainers, Normans (including Channel Islanders), Picards, Poitevins (including Saintongeais), Barthélemoise, Saint-Martinois, French Guianese, Caldoche, Réunionese (including Zoreilles), Saint-Pierrais, along with numerous colonial descendants such as Pieds-Noirs, French Canadians (including Quebecers, Acadians, and Métis), Louisianians (including Creoles of color and Cajuns), French Haitians, French Malagasy, Franco-Mauritians, and Franco-Seychellois | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Frisians | Indo-European → Germanic → Frisian[note 2] | Frisia (Netherlands, Germany) | West Frisians, East Frisians, North Frisians | Christianity→ Protestantism |
Friulians | Indo-European → Romance → Friulian | Friuli (Italy) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Fula | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Fula | West Africa (Guinea, Senegal, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Cameroon, Niger, Burkina Faso, Benin, Chad)[note 28] | Wodaabe, Haratin, Fula Jalon, Fulakunda, Maasina Fulfulde | Islam |
Fur | Nilo-Saharan → Fur | Darfur (Sudan) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Ga-Adangbe | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Ga–Dangme[note 2] | Greater Accra (Ghana) | Ga, Adangbe | Christianity |
Gagauz | Turkic → Oghuz → Gagauz | Gagauzia (Moldova), Budjak (Ukraine) | Christianity→ Eastern Orthodoxy | |
Galicians | Indo-European → Romance → Galician | Galicia (Spain) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Ganda | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Luganda | Buganda (Uganda) | Abayudaya | Christianity |
Garhwalis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Garhwali | Uttarakhand (India) | Hinduism | |
Garifuna | Arawakan → Ta-Arawakan → Garifuna[note 29] | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[note 30] | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Garos | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Garo | Garo Hills (India) | Christianity | |
Gayonese | Austronesian → Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands → Gayo | Indonesia (Bener Meriah, Central Aceh, and Gayo Lues Regencies) | Islam | |
Gbagyi | Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Gwari | Nigeria | Traditional African religions | |
Gbaya | Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Gbaya[note 2] | Central African Republic, Cameroon | Bokoto, Kàrà, Buli (including Toongo), Ali, Mandja, Gbaya-Bossangoa, Bozom, Mbodomo, Gbanu, Bangandu | Islam |
Gedeo | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Gedeo | Gedeo Zone (Ethiopia) | Christianity→ Protestantism | |
Gelao | Kra–Dai → Kra → Gelao[note 31] | Guizhou (China) | Taoism, Buddhsm | |
Georgians | Kartvelian → Georgian | Georgia | Adjarians, Mingrelians, Svans, Tushetians, Meskhetians, Bats[note 32] | Christianity→ Eastern Orthodoxy |
Germans | Indo-European → Germanic → German | Germany, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Eastern Belgium | Bavarians, Franconians, Hessians, Hunsriks, Upper Saxons, Lower Saxons, Swabians (including Danube Swabians), Rhinelanders (including Colognians), Alsatians, German Swiss, Liechtensteiners, Pomeranians, Volga Germans, Baltic Germans, Silesian Germans, Carpathian Germans, North Schleswig Germans, Eastern Belgians, Transylvanian Saxons, Amish (including Pennsylvania Dutch), Hutterites, Mennonites (including Russian Mennonites), along with significant populations in the United States (including German Texans), Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Canada, Chile, Kazakhstan, Australia, and New Zealand. | Christianity |
Gilaks | Indo-European → Iranian languages → Western Iranian → Gilaki | Gilan, Iran | Islam → Twelver Shi’ism | |
Gola | Niger–Congo → Gola | Liberia, Sierra Leone | Islam | |
Gonds | Dravidian → Gondi[note 33] | Gondwana (India) | Godha, Madia Gonds, Muria, Koya | Hinduism |
Gorontalo | Austronesian → Philippine → Gorontaloan | Gorontalo (Indonesia) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Greeks | Indo-European → Greek | Greece, Cyprus | Greek Cypriots, Pontic Greeks, Cappadocian Greeks, Sarakatsani, Urums, Griko, Macedonian Greeks, Anatolian Greeks, and also sizeable populations of Arvanites, Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians who identify as ethnic Greeks, along with a significant diaspora in Albania (including Northern Epirotes), Ukraine, Georgia, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, and Canada | Christianity→ Eastern Orthodoxy |
Guan | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Guang[note 2] | Ghana (Brong-Ahafo and Volta Regions) | Gonja, Kyode, Cherepon, Efutu, Anyanga, Larteh, Chumburung, Krache, Anum-Boso | Christianity |
Guaraní | Tupian → Guarani | Paraguay, Misiones (Argentina), Bolivia | Chiriguanos, along with Mestizos such as Paraguayans | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Gujarati | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujarati | Gujarat (India) | Koli, Bharwad, Khoja, Patidar, Sunni Bohra, Lohana, Vagri, Kharva, Charan, Baria, Momna, Ghanchi, Shenva, Bhambi Khalpa, Zarabes, Bhoi, Luso-Indians, Gujarati Americans | Hinduism, Islam |
Gujjar / Gurjar | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujari | Primarily Pakistan & India, also Afghanistan at smaller numbers | Khatana, Solanki, Parihar, Tanwar, Parmar, chandel, Chauhan, Bhadana, Bhatti, Kohli, Tomar, Panwar, Pawar, Bainsla, Bagri, Hans, etc. | Islam, Hinduism |
Gumuz | Nilo-Saharan → Gumuz | Benishangul-Gumuz Region (Ethiopia) | Traditional African religion | |
Gurage | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Gurage[note 2] | Guragia (Ethiopia) | Kistane, Zay, Inor, Mesqan, Sebat Bet (including Chaha and Muher) | Christianity |
Gurma | Niger–Congo → Gur → Gourmanché | Gurmaland (Burkina Faso, Ghana) | Ntcham, Bimoba | Islam |
Gurungs | Sino-Tibetan → Gurung | Nepal, Sikkim (India), West Bengal (India) | Ghale, Gurung | Hinduism, Buddhsm |
Gurunsi | Niger–Congo → Gur → Gurunsi[note 2] | Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo | Lukpa, Kabye, Tem, Lamba, Delo, Bago-Kusuntu, Chala, Lyélé, Nuna, Kalamsé, Pana, Kassena, Winye, Deg, Puguli, Paasaal, Sisaala, Chakali, Siti, Tamprusi, Vagla | Traditional African religions |
Hadiya | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Hadiyya | Hadiya (Ethiopia) | Islam | |
Han Chinese | Sino-Tibetan → Chinese | China proper, Singapore, Kokang | Subei, Cantonese (including Taishanese, Hongkongers, Tankas, Chuanqing and Macanese), Hui, Fujianese (including Fuzhounese, Hoklo, Hui'an maidens, Putianese, and Teochew), Gaoshan Han, Gan, Hakka (including Ngái), Hebei, Hunanese, Jianghuai, Shandong, Sichuanese, Wu (including Shanghainese, Ningbonese, and Wenzhou), Han Taiwanese, along with significant populations in the United States, Malaysia (including Peranakan), Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Myanmar, Canada, the Philippines (including Sangleys), Peru, Australia, Vietnam, Japan, Russia, France (including Chinois), the United Kingdom, South Africa, Italy, Germany, Korea, Spain, India, Laos, Brazil, the Netherlands, Panama, Venezuela and New Zealand | Chinese folk religion, Buddhsm, Taoism, no religion (see also Religion in China and Religion in Taiwan) |
Hani | Sino-Tibetan → Loloish → Hani | Yunnan (China) | Animism | |
Harari | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Harari | Hararia (Ethiopia) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Hausa | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Hausa | Hausaland (Niger, Nigeria) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Hawaiians | Austronesian → Polynesian → Hawaiian[note 34] | Hawaii (United States) | Christianity | |
Hazaras | Indo-European → Iranian → Persian → Hazaragi | Hazarajat (Afghanistan) | Aimaq Hazara, Hazara Australians | Islam → Twelver Shi’ism |
Herero | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Herero | Hereroland (Namibia), Angola | OvaHimba, Ovambanderu | Christianity |
Hmong | Hmong–Mien → Hmongic[note 2] | Guizhou (China)[note 35] | A-Hmao, Gha-Mu, Xong, Pa-Hng, Hmong Americans | Hmong folk religion |
Huli | Trans–New Guinea → Engan → Huli | Southern Highlands Province (Papua New Guinea) | Christianity | |
Hungarians | Uralic → Ugric → Hungarian | Hungary, Székely Land (Romania), Felvidék (Slovakia) | Jasz, Palóc, along with significant populations in Romania (including Székelys and Csángós ), Slovakia, Serbia, Ukraine, Croatia, Slovenia, Germany, the United States, and Canada | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Hutu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Rwanda-Rundi[note 36] | Rwanda, Burundi, Kivu (Democratic Republic of the Congo) | Christianity | |
Iban | Austronesian → Malayic → Iban | Sarawak (Malaysia) | Mualang | Christianity |
Ibanag | Austronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran → Ibanag | Philippines (Isabela, Cagayan) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Ibibio | Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ibibio-Efik → Ibibio | Akwa Ibom State (Nigeria) | Eket, Aro | Christianity |
Icelanders | Indo-European → Germanic → Nordic → Icelandic | Iceland | Christianity→ Protestantism | |
Idoma | Niger–Congo → Idomoid → Idoma | Benue State (Nigeria) | Agatu, Alago, Yala | Christianity |
Igbo | Niger–Congo → Igbo | Igboland (Nigeria) | Anioma, Aro, Edda, Ekpeye, Etche, Ezaa, Ika, Ikwerre, Ikwo, Isu, Izzi, Mbaise, Mgbo, Ngwa, Nri-Igbo, Ogba, Ohafia, Ohuhu, Onitsha-Ado, Ukwuani, Waawa | Christianity |
Igede | Niger–Congo → Idomoid → Igede | Benue State (Nigeria) | Christianity | |
Igorot | Austronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran[note 2] | Cordillera Administrative Region (Philippines) | Balangao, Bontoc, Ibaloi, Ifugao (including Kalanguya), Isnag, Kalinga, Kankanaey | Anitism |
Ijaw | Niger–Congo → Ijaw[note 2] | Nigeria (Rivers, Bayelsa, and Delta States) | Bille, Engenni, Ibani, Kalabari, Kula, Nkoro, Nkoroo, Obolo | Christianity |
Ilocano | Austronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran → Ilocano | Ilocos Region (Philippines) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Ingush | Northeast Caucasian → Nakh → Ingush | Ingushetia (Russia) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Inuit | Eskimo–Aleut → Inuit[note 2] | Greenland (Denmark), Canada (Nunavut, Nunatsiavut, Nunavik, NunatuKavut), Alaska (United States) | Greenlandics (including Kalaallit, Tunumiit, Inughuit and Greenlandic Danes), Iñupiat, Inuktitut, Inuvialuit | Christianity |
Iranun | Austronesian → Philippine → Iranun | Mindanao (Philippines) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Irish | Indo-European → Celtic → Irish[note 22] | Ireland (Republic of Ireland, United Kingdom)[note 37] | Irish Travellers, Ulster Irish, along with significant populations in the United States, Australia, Canada, Argentina, Mexico and New Zealand | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Iroquois | Iroquoian[note 38] | United States, Canada | Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, Tuscarora | Longhouse Religion |
Isan | Kra–Dai → Tai → Lao → Isan | Isan (Thailand) | Buddhsm → Theravada Buddhism | |
Isoko | Niger–Congo → Edoid → Isoko | Isoko region (Nigeria) | Christianity | |
Istro-Romanians | Indo-European → Romance → Istro-Romanian | Istria (Croatia) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Italians | Indo-European → Romance → Italian | Italy, Ticino (Switzerland) | Sicilians, Camminanti, Waldensians, Lazians, Marchigianos, Tuscans, Umbrians, Emilian, Romagnol (including Sanmarinese), Trentinis, Ligurians (including Monégasque), Lombards, Piedmontese, Apulians, Calabrians, Neapolitans (including Abruzzans, Molisans, Basilicatans, and Campanians), Venetians along with significant populations in Argentina, Brazil, the United States, Venezuela, Canada, France, Peru, Uruguay, Australia, Germany, Chile and the United Kingdom | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Itawes | Austronesian �� Philippine → Cordilleran → Itawis | Cagayan Valley (Philippines) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Japanese | Japonic → Japanese | Japan | Kantō, Kansai, Hokkaido, Tōhoku, Hōnichi, Satsugū, Chūgoku, Echigo, Tōkai, Shinshuu, Hokuriku, Hachijō, along with significant populations in Brazil, the United States and the Philippines. | Shinto, Buddhsm[note 39] |
Jarai | Austronesian → Chamic → Jarai | Central Highlands, Vietnam | Animism | |
Javanese | Austronesian → Javanese | Java (Indonesia) | Cirebonese, Osing, Tenggerese, Boyanese, Samin, Banyumasan, along with significant populations in Malaysia, Suriname, China, and Saudi Arabia | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Jews | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Hebrew[note 40] | Israel[note 41] | Ashkenazim, Sephardim (including Moroccan Jews, Algerian Jews, Tunisian Jews, and Toshavim), Mizrahim (including Bukharim, Juhurim, Syrian Jews, Teimanim,), Beta Israel, Italkim, Romaniotes, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks, Gruznim, Bene Israel, Cochin, Paradesi, Lishanid Noshan, Israelis, along with significant populations in the United States, France, Canada, the United Kingdom, Argentina, Russia, Germany, and Australia | Judaism |
Jingpo | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Jingpho | Kachin State (Myanmar), Yunnan (China) Northeast India | Animism | |
Jola | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Jola[note 2] | Jolaland (Senegal) | Banjaal, Bayot, Fogni, Gusilay, Karon, Kasa, Kuwaataay, Mlomp | Traditional African religions |
Jukun | Niger–Congo → Jukun Takum[note 42] | Wukari (Nigeria) | Wannu | Traditional African religions |
Kadazan-Dusun | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Dusunic[note 2] | Sabah (Malaysia) | Kadazan, Dusun, Dumpas, Ida'an, Kwijau, Lotud, Mangka'ak, Maragang, Minokok, Orang Sungai, Rumanau, Rungus, Tambanuo | Christianity |
Kalanga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona → Kalanga | Zimbabwe, Botswana | Nambya | Christianity |
Kalenjin | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Kalenjin[note 2] | Rift Valley Province (Kenya) | Keiyo, Tugen, Marakwet, Nandi, Kipsigis, Sabaot, Pökoot, Okiek, Terik | Christianity |
Kalinago | Macro-Arawakan languages → Arawakan → Kalinago | Lesser Antilles | Garifuna | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Kamba | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kamba | Ukambani (Kenya) | Christianity | |
Kanaks | Austronesian → Kanak[note 2] | Kanakia (France) | Haveke, Ajië, Arhâ, Xârâgurè, Haeke | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Kannadigas | Dravidian → Kannada | Karnataka (India) | Vokkaliga | Hinduism |
Kanuri | Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Kanuri | Kanuriland (Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Cameroon) | Kanembu, Yerwa Kanuri | Islam |
Kapampangans | Austronesian → Philippine → Kapampangan | Pampanga (Philippines) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Kapsiki | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Kapsiki | Mandara Mountains (Nigeria, Cameroon) | Islam | |
Karachays | Turkic → Kipchak → Karachay | Karachay-Cherkessia (Russia) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Karakalpaks | Turkic → Kipchak → Karakalpak | Karakalpakstan (Uzbekistan) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Karbi | Sino-Tibetan → Kuki-Chin–Naga → Karbi | Karbi Anglong district (India) | Amri | Hinduism |
Karen | Sino-Tibetan → Karenic[note 2] | Karen State, Kayah State, Pa'O Self-Administered Zone (Myanmar), Thailand | S'gaw Karen, Pwo Karen, Karenni (including Kayan), Pa'O | Buddhsm → Theravada Buddhism |
Kashmiris | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Dardic → Kashmiri | Kashmir (India, Pakistan) | Kashmiri Pandits, Kashmiris in Punjab | Islam → Sunni Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism |
Kashubians | Indo-European → Slavic → Kashubian | Kashubia (Poland) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Kazakhs | Turkic → Kipchak → Kazakh | Kazakhstan | Significant populations in China, and Russia | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Khas | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Nepali | Nepal, India
(Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Assam, West Bengal) |
Brahmin, Chhetri, Thakuri, Rana, Vaisya, Kami, Damai, Sarki, Sunar, Gandarbha | Hinduism |
Khmer | Austroasiatic → Khmer | Cambodia, Mekong Delta, Isan | Northern Khmer people, Khmer Krom and Significant populations in the United States | Buddhsm → Theravada Buddhism |
Khonds | Dravidian → Kui | Kandhamal (India) | Hinduism | |
Khorasani Turks | Turkic → Oghuz → Khorasani Turkic | Khorasan (Iran) | Islam → Shia Islam | |
Kikuyu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kikuyu | Kenya | Christianity | |
Kilba | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Huba | Hong (Nigeria) | Christianity | |
Kirantis | Sino-Tibetan → Kiranti[note 2] | Eastern Region (Nepal) | Limbu, Sunuwar, Yakkha (including Athpare), Rai (including Kulung, Bantawa, and Bahing) | Kirat Mundhum |
Kissi | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Mel → Kissi | Guinea, Sierra Leone | Christianity | |
Kofyar | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Kofyar | Plateau State (Nigeria) | Traditional African religions | |
Komi | Uralic → Permic → Komi | Russia (Komi Republic, Permyakia) | Komi-Zyrians, Komi-Permyaks, Izhma Komi | Christianity→ Eastern Orthodoxy |
Kongo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kongo | Kongoland (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Angola) | Lari, Vili, Yombe, , , , , , Beembe | Christianity |
Konjo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Konjo | Rwenzori Mountains (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda) | Nande | Christianity |
Konkani | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Konkani | Konkan (India) | Luso-Indians | Hinduism |
Konso | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Konso | Konso (Ethiopia) | Traditional African religions | |
Koreans | Korean | Korea (North Korea, South Korea) | Jeju Islanders, along with significant populations in the United States, China, Russia, Japan, Canada, Australia, Vietnam, and the Philippines | Shamanism[note 24] |
Kpelle | Niger–Congo → Mande → Kpelle | Liberia, Guinea | Traditional African religions | |
Kposo | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Ghana–Togo Mountain → Kposo | Plateaux (Togo), Ghana | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Kru | Niger–Congo → Kru[note 2] | Liberia (Grand Kru and Maryland Counties) | Aizi, Bété, Bakwé, Grebo, Krahn (including Sapo), Kuwaa | Christianity |
Kumyks | Turkic → Kipchak → Kumyk | Dagestan (Russia) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Kunama | Nilo-Saharan → Kunama | Eritrea, Ethiopia | Christianity→ Oriental Orthodoxy | |
Kurds | Indo-European → Iranian → Kurdish[note 2] | Kurdistan (Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria) | Bajalan, Kurmanjis, Sorans, Zazas, Feylis, Iranian Laks, Yazidis, Shabak, along with significant populations in France and Germany | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Kurukh | Dravidian → Kurukh | Chota Nagpur Plateau (India) | Kisan | Sarnaism, Christianity, Hinduism, Animism |
Kuteb | Niger–Congo → Jukunoid → Kuteb | Taraba State (Nigeria) | Christianity | |
Kyrgyz | Turkic → Kipchak → Kyrgyz | Kyrgyzstan | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Laks | Northeast Caucasian → Lak | Lakia (Russia) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Lamaholot | Austronesian → Flores–Lembata → Lamaholot | Solor (Indonesia) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Lampungs | Austronesian → Lampung | Lampung (Indonesia) | Islam | |
Lao | Kra–Dai → Tai → Lao | Laos | Buddhsm → Theravada Buddhism | |
Latvians | Indo-European → Baltic → Latvian | Latvia | Latgalians, Kursenieki, Selonians | Christianity→ Protestantism |
Laz | Kartvelian → Laz[note 43] | Lazistan (Turkey, Georgia) | Turkish Laz, Georgian Laz | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Lega | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Lega | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Traditional African religions | |
Lezgins | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Lezgian | Lezgistan (Russia, Azerbaijan) | Aghuls, Archin, Budukhs, Jeks, Kryts, Rutuls, Tabasarans, Tsakhurs | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Lhoba | Adi, Bokar, Idu Mishmi[note 44] | Tibet (Arunachal Pradesh) | Nishi, Na, Galo, Mishmi people, Tagin, Adi | Animism, Buddhsm |
Li | Kra–Dai → Hlai[note 2] | Hainan (China) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Limba | Niger–Congo → Limba | Sierra Leone (Bombali and Koinadugu Districts) | Christianity | |
Lisu | Sino-Tibetan → Loloish → Lisu | China, Myanmar | Lipo | Christianity→ Protestantism |
Lithuanians | Indo-European → Baltic → Lithuanian | Lithuania | Samogitians, Aukstaitians, Lietuvninkai, along with significant populations in the United States, Canada, Brazil, Poland and the United Kingdom | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Luba | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Luban[note 2] | Lubaland (Democratic Republic of the Congo) | Luba-Kasai, Luba-Katanga, Hemba (including Bangubangu), Songe, Lulua | Christianity |
Luhya | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Luhya | Western Province (Kenya) | Bukusu, Idakho, Isukha, Kabras, Khayo, Kisa, Marachi, Maragoli, Marama, Nyole, Samia, Tachoni, Tiriki, Tsotso, Wanga, | Christianity |
Luo | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Luo → Dholuo | Kenya | Christianity | |
Lurs | Indo-European → Iranian → Luri | Iran (Lorestan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Khuzestan, Bushehr, and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Provinces) | Bakhtiari, Iranian Laks | Islam → Shia Islam |
Luxembourgers | Indo-European → Germanic → German → Luxembourgish | Luxembourg, Arelerland (Belgium) | Significant populations in Brazil and the United States | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Maasai | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Maasai | Maasailand (Tanzania, Kenya) | Samburu, Arusha, Kwavi | Traditional African religions |
Macedonians | Indo-European → Slavic → Macedonian | North Macedonia | Torbesh, Mijaks, along with significant populations in Australia, Germany, Italy, Switzerland and Greece | Christianity→ Eastern Orthodoxy |
Madi | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Ma'di | Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Uganda | Christianity | |
Madurese | Austronesian → Madurese | Madura (Indonesia)[note 45] | Boyanese | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Mafa | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Mafa | Cameroon | Christianity | |
Magahi | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Magahi | Magadha (India) | Hinduism | |
Magars | Sino-Tibetan → Magar[note 46] | Nepal | Ale, Gharti, Chantayal, Saru, Pun | Hinduism, Buddhsm |
Maguindanao | Austronesian → Philippine → Maguindanao | Maguindanao (Philippines) | Islam | |
Maithils | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Maithili | Mithila (India, Nepal) | Karan Kayastha, Brahmin, Chhetri, Vaisya | Hinduism |
Makassarese | Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Makassarese | South Sulawesi (Indonesia) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Makonde | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makonde | Tanzania, Mueda Plateau (Mozambique) | Machinga | Islam |
Makua | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makhuwa | Mozambique | Lomwe, Chuwabu, Moniga, Koti, Nathembo | Traditional African religions |
Malagasy | Austronesian → Malagasy | Madagascar, Comoros, Mayotte, Réunion, Mauritius | Merina, Sihanaka, Betsileo, Zafimaniry, Antaifasy, Antemoro, Antaisaka, Antambahoaka, Tandroy, Antankarana, Antanosy, Bara, Betsimisaraka, Bezanozano, Mahafaly, Makoa, Mikea, Sakalava, Tanala, Tsimihety, Vezo | Christianity |
Malayali | Dravidian → Malayalam | Kerala (India) | Ambalavasi, Dheevara, Nair, Paravar, Saint Thomas Christians (including Knanayas), Mappilas, Ezhava, along with significant populations in the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait and Bahrain | Hinduism |
Malays | Austronesian → Malayic → Malay | Malay world (Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei) | Bruneians, Kedahans, Pattani, Pahang, , Palembangese, Pontianaks, Terengganuarians, Kelantanese, Perakians, Berau, Proto-Malay (including Orang Kuala, Jakun, Orang Rimba, Orang Seletar, and Temuan), Lubu, Palembangnese, Cape Malays, Cocos Malays, Bangka Malays | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Maldivians | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Maldivian | Maldives, Minicoy | Mahls | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Maltese | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Arabic → Maltese | Malta | Gozitans | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Mambila | Niger–Congo → Mambila | Mambilla Plateau (Nigeria, Cameroon) | Somyev | Traditional African religions |
Manchu | Tungusic → Manchu[note 47] | Manchuria | Shamanism | |
Mandaeans | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Central Semitic → Northwest Semitic → Aramaic → Eastern Aramaic → Southeastern Aramaic → Mandaic | Southern Mesopotamia | Iraq, Iran | Mandaeism |
Mandarese | Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Mandar | West Sulawesi (Indonesia) | Islam | |
Mandinka | Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding[note 2] | Mali, The Gambia, Guinea, Senegal | Bolon | Islam |
Manggarai | Austronesian → Sumba–Flores → Manggarai | Manggarai (Indonesia) | Christianity | |
Manjak | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Manjak | Guinea-Bissau, Senegal | Traditional African religions | |
Manx | Indo-European → Celtic → Manx | Isle of Man (Crown dependency) | Christianity→ Protestantism | |
Māori | Austronesian → Polynesian → Māori[note 48] | New Zealand | Cook Islanders | Christianity |
Mapuche | Mapudungun[note 49] | Araucanía (Chile, Argentina) | Huilliche, along with Mestizos such as Chileans | Christianity |
Maranao | Austronesian → Philippine → Maranao | Lanao (Philippines) | Islam | |
Marathi | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Marathi | Maharashtra (India) | Mahar, Maratha, Kunbi, Dhangar, Bhoi | Hinduism |
Mari | Uralic → Mari | Mari El (Russia) | Meadow Mari, Hill Mari, Eastern Mari, | Christianity→ Eastern Orthodoxy |
Masa | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Masana | Cameroon, Chad | Christianity, Islam[1] | |
Masalit | Nilo-Saharan → Masalit | Sudan, Chad | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Maya | Mayan[note 2] | Guatemala, Belize, Mexico (Yucatán, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Chiapas) | Maya, Achi, Chuj, Chʼortiʼ, Itza, Kʼicheʼ, Qʼeqchiʼ, Xinca, Tektitek, Huastecan, Mopan, Lacandon, Chontal, Akatek, Jakaltek, Qʼanjobʼal, Tzeltal, Mochoʼ, Tojolab'al, Mam, Ixil, Tzotzil, Poqomam, Yucatecan Maya, Motozintlecos, Awakatek, Kaqchikel, Sakapultek, Sipakapense, Uspantek, Ch'ol, Tzʼutujil, along with Mestizos such as Guatemalans (including Hispanic Belizeans) and Mexicans | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Mazahua | Oto-Manguean → Oto-Pamean → Mazahua | State of Mexico (Mexico) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Mazandaranis | Indo-European → Indo-Iranian → Iranian → Western Iranian → Caspian Languages → Mazanderani | Mazandaran, Iran | Islam → Shia Islam | |
Mazatec | Oto-Manguean → Popolocan → Mazatecan[note 2] | Oaxaca (Mexico) | Ayautla | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Mbaka | Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Mbaka | Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Mehri | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Mehri | Mahra (Yemen, Oman) | Soqotri | Islam |
Meitei | Sino-Tibetan → Kuki-Chin–Naga → Meitei | Manipur (India) | Loi | Hinduism → Vaishnavism |
Melanau | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Melanau | Sarawak (Malaysia) | Islam | |
Mende | Niger–Congo → Mande → Mende | Sierra Leone (Southern and Eastern Provinces) | Islam | |
Mien | Hmong–Mien → Mienic[note 2] | China (Hunan, Guizhou), Vietnam | Iu Mien, Kim Mun, Dzao Min, Biao Min, Bunu, Lakkia, Biao Mon | Yao folk religion |
Mijikenda | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mijikenda | Coast Province (Kenya) | Chonyi, Giriama, Digo, Segeju | Christianity |
Minahasan | Austronesian → Philippine → Minahasan[note 2] | Minahasa Peninsula (Indonesia) | Tonsawang, Tontemboan, Tondano, Tombulu, Tonsea | Christianity→ Protestantism |
Minangkabau | Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Minangkabau | Minangkabau Highlands (Indonesia) | Aneuk Jamee | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Mising | Sino-Tibetan → Tani → Mising | India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh) | Donyi-Polo | |
Miskito | Misumalpan → Miskito | Mosquito Coast (Nicaragua, Honduras) | Christianity→ Protestantism | |
Mixe | Mixe–Zoque → Mixe[note 2] | Oaxaca (Mexico) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Mixtec | Oto-Manguean → Mixtecan → Mixtec | La Mixteca (Mexico) | Triqui, Cuicatecs, Amoltepec | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Miꞌkmaq | Algic → Algonquian → Miꞌkmaq[note 23] | Mi��kmaꞌki (Canada) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Moldovans | Indo-European → Romance → Romanian → Moldavian | Moldova | Significant populations in Romania, Ukraine, Russia, and the United States | Christianity→ Eastern Orthodoxy |
Mon | Austroasiatic → Mon | Mon State (Myanmar) | Buddhsm → Theravada Buddhism | |
Mongo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mongo | Democratic Republic of the Congo (Équateur, Tshuapa, Mongala, Nord-Ubangi, Sud-Ubangi) | Bolia, Ntomba, Ngando, Iyaelima, Mbole, Mpama, Nkutu, Sengele, Hendo, Dengese, Tetela | Christianity |
Mongols | Mongolic[note 2] | Inner Mongolia, Dorbetia, Bayingolin, Dzungaria, Subei-Mongolia, Santania, Kharchinia (China), Mongolia, Buryatia, Ust-Orda, Aginia, Kalmykia
(Russia) |
Khalkha, Buryats, Barga, Oirats, Kalmyks, Daur, Moghols, Hamnigan, Tsagaan, Yugur, Khatso, Bonan, Sart Kalmyks, Soyot, Sichuan Mongols, Sogwo Arig, Altai Uriankhai, Ordos, Kanja, Sogwo Arig, Mughals, Santa, Naimans, Dariganga, Khorchin, Kharchin, Köke Nuur, Chaharian, Jalairs, Gorlos, Sartuul, Myangad, Tubalar, Uzemchin, Uradian, Tumed, Baarins, Tofalar, Zakhchin, Hishigten, Dorbet, Muumyangan, Dukhan, Jalaids, Abaganar, Chantuu, Olot, Sunud, Eastern Dorbet, Aohans, Onnigud, Khoshut, Abagas, Khotons, Alasha, Khoid, Eljigin, Choros, Qaidam, Fujin | Buddhsm → Tibetan Buddhism, |
Mongondow | Austronesian → Philippine → Mongondow | Mongondowia (Indonesia) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Montenegrins | Indo-European → Slavic → Serbo-Croatian → Montenegrin | Montenegro | Significant populations in Serbia and the United States | Christianity→ Eastern Orthodoxy |
Mordvins | Uralic → Mordvinic[note 2] | Mordovia (Russia) | Erzyas, Mokshas, Qaratays, Teryukhans, , Shoksha | Christianity→ Eastern Orthodoxy |
Mossi | Niger–Congo → Gur → Mossi | Mossiland (Burkina Faso) | Islam | |
Mumuye | Niger–Congo → Adamawa → Mumuye | Taraba State (Nigeria) | Traditional African religions | |
Munanese | Austronesian → Celebic → Munanese[note 2] | Muna (Indonesia) | Islam | |
Mundas | Austroasiatic → Munda → Mundari | India (Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal) | Sabar, Mahali | Sarnaism |
Murut | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Murutic[note 2] | Murutia (Malaysia) | Okolod, Keningau, Tagal, Paluan, Selungai, Timugon, Serudung, Sembakung, Tidong, Kalabakan, Bulungan, Bookan | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Muscogee | Muskogean → Muscogee[note 19] | United States (Alabama, Tennessee, Georgia)[note 20] | Coushatta, Alibamu, Hitchiti, Natchez, Seminoles (including Black Seminoles), Yuchi, Shawnee, Creoles of color, Miccosukee | Native American religion → Creek mythology |
Musgum | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Musgu | Far North Region (Cameroon), Chad (Chari-Baguirmi, Mayo-Kebbi Est) | Islam | |
Mwera | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mwera | Tanzania (Mtwara and Ruvuma Regions) | Islam | |
Naga | Sino-Tibetan → Kuki-Chin–Naga[note 50] | India (Nagaland, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam), Myanmar (Naga Self-Administered Zone) | Angami, Ao, Sangtam, Yimkhiung, Lotha, Chakhesang (including Chokri and Khezha), Mao, Pochury, Rengma, Tangkhul, Maring, Zemi, Liangmei, Kabui, Maram, Konyak, Chang, Wancho, Phom, Khiemnungan, Tangsa, Nocte | Christianity |
Nagpuri | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Sadri | Chota Nagpur Plateau (India) | Chik Baraik | Hinduism |
Nahuas | Uto-Aztecan → Nahuatl | Mexico | Huasteca Nahuas, Mexicaneros, Sierra Puebla Nahuas, Guerrero Nahuas, Orizaba Nahuas, Southeastern Puebla Nahuas, Central Nahuas, Pipil, along with Mestizos such as Mexicans | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Nama | Khoe → Khoekhoe | Namaland (Namibia), South Africa | Christianity | |
Nauruans | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Oceanic → Micronesian → Nauruan | Nauru | Christianity→ Protestantism | |
Navajo | Dené–Yeniseian → Na-Dene → Apachean → Navajo | Navajo Nation (United States) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Newars | Sino-Tibetan → Newar | Kathmandu Valley (Nepal) | Rajupadhaya, Rajbhandari, Pradhan, Malla, Shrestha, Shakya, Chitrakar | Hinduism, Buddhsm |
Ngaju | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Barito → Ngaju | Central Kalimantan (Indonesia) | Bakumpai, Meratus | Kaharingan |
Ngalop | Sino-Tibetan → Tibetic → Dzongkha | Bhutan | Kheng, Bumthang | Buddhsm → Tibetan Buddhism |
Ngbandi | Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Ngbandi | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic | Yakoma | Christianity |
Nias | Austronesian → Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands → Nias | Nias (Indonesia) | Christianity | |
Nogais | Turkic → Kipchak → Nogai | Russia (Stavropol Krai, Dagestan) | Ak Nogai, Karagash | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Norwegians | Indo-European → Germanic → Nordic → Norwegian | Norway | Significant populations in the United States, and Norwegian Canadians | Christianity→ Protestantism |
Nubians | Nilo-Saharan → Nubian[note 2] | Nubia (Egypt, Sudan) | Nobiin, Mattokki, Dongolawi, Midob, Hill Nubians (including Dilling, Debri, Ghulfan, Kadaru, Karko, and Wali), Birgid, Ja'alin (including Bedaria), Shaigiya | Islam |
Nuer | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Nuer | Nuerland (South Sudan) | Traditional African religions | |
Nùng | Kra–Dai �� Tai → Zhuang → Nung | Vietnam, Guangxi (China) | Animism | |
Nuristanis | Indo-European → Nuristani[note 2] | Nuristan (Afghanistan) | Safed-Posh Kaffirs (including Askunis), Kamkata-viris (including Kata and Kom) | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Nyishi | Sino-Tibetan → Tani → Nishi | Arunachal Pradesh (India) | Christianity | |
Occitans | Indo-European → Romance → Occitan[note 18] | Occitania (France, Italy, Spain) | Aranese, Auvergnats, Provençals, Languedociens, Gascons | Christianity |
Odia | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Odia | Odisha (India) | Utkala Brahmins, Khandayat, Bonaz, Badu; Bairagi (Oriya); Barika; Chaikwa; Chatarkheya; Dhobi, Oriya; Ganrar; Ghantarghada; Girigiria; Gond (Oriya); Haddi; Jhodia; Kobari; Koraga; Kuliya; Lohar, Oriya; Mali, Oriya; Malia; Panka (Oriya); Paroja; Patra; Radhi; Sannyasi; Teli, Oriya; Thanapati; Thoria | Hinduism |
Ogoni | Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ogoni[note 2] | Ogoniland (Nigeria) | Baan, Eleme, Gokana, Tẹẹ | Christianity |
Ojibwe | Algic → Algonquian → Ojibwe[note 51] | Anishinaabeland (Canada, United States) | Oji-Cree, Odawa, Potawatomi, Mississaugas | Midewiwin |
Oromo | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Oromo | Oromia (Ethiopia), Kenya | Boorana, Barento, Salale, Machaa, Arsi, Wollo | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Ossetians | Indo-European → Iranian → Ossetian | South Ossetia, North Ossetia–Alania (Russia) | Iron, Digor | Christianity→ Eastern Orthodoxy |
Ot Danum | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Barito → Ot Danum | Indonesia (West and Central Kalimantan) | Lawangan, Ma'anyan | Kaharingan |
Otomi | Oto-Manguean → Otomian → Otomi | Mexico (Hidalgo, Puebla, Veracruz, State of Mexico, Querétaro) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Ovambo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ovambo | Ovamboland (Namibia), Angola | Christianity→ Protestantism | |
Ovimbundu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Umbundu | Angola | Christianity | |
Pamiris | Indo-European → Iranian → Pamir[note 2] | Pamir Mountains (Tajikistan, Afghanistan, China) | Shughni, Sarikoli (including Tajiks of Xinjiang), Yazghulami, Munji, Yidgha, Sanglechi, Ishkashimi, Wakhi | Islam → Shia Islam |
Pangasinese | Austronesian → Philippine → Pangasinan | Pangasinan (Philippines) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Papel | Niger–Congo → Atlantic → Senegambian → Papel | Biombo Region (Guinea-Bissau) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Pare | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Pare | Pare Mountains (Tanzania) | Islam | |
Parsis | Indo-European → Indo-Iranian → Indo-Aryan → Western → Gujarati languages → Gujarati | Indian subcontinent | India and Pakistan | Zoroastrianism |
Pashayi | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Dardic → Pashayi[note 2] | Afghanistan (Laghman, Kapisa and Nangarhar Provinces) | Islam | |
Pashtuns | Indo-European → Iranian → Pashto | Pashtunistan (Afghanistan, Pakistan) | Pashtun Americans, Kakar | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Pedi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sotho–Tswana → Sepedi | Limpopo (South Africa) | Christianity | |
Pende | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Pende | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Christianity | |
Persians | Indo-European → Iranian → Persian | Iran | Tat, along with significant populations in the United States, the United Arab Emirates, Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom, Bahrain, Australia, and Sweden | Islam → Shia Islam |
Poles | Indo-European → Slavic → Polish | Poland | Significant populations in the United States, Brazil, Germany, Canada, Iceland, Sweden, France, the United Kingdom, Argentina, Belarus, Russia, Australia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Ireland, and Norway | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Portuguese | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese | Portugal | Azoreans, Madeirans, along with numerous colonial descendants such as Brazilians (including Ribeirinhos and Pardo Brazilians), Cape Verdeans, São Toméans, Portuguese Angolans, Portuguese Mozambicans, Luso-Indians, Macanese, Kristangs, and Portuguese Burghers | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Punjabis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Punjabi | Punjab (Pakistan, India) | Sikhs, Gujjars, Jat, Khatris, Arain, Awan, along with significant populations in the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States. | Islam → Sunni Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism |
Purépecha | Purépecha | Michoacán (Mexico) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Qashqai | Turkic → Oghuz → Qashqai | Fars Province (Iran) | Islam → Shia Islam | |
Qiang | Sino-Tibetan → Qiangic[note 2] | Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture (China) | Qiang folk religion | |
Quechua | Quechuan[note 2] | Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador | Yaru, Cusco, Ayacucho, along with Mestizos such as Peruvians, Ecuadorians, and Bolivians | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Rade | Austronesian → Chamic → Rade | Central Highlands, Vietnam | Christianity | |
Rajasthanis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Rajasthani | Rajasthan (India) | Banjara, Gurjars, Rajputs (including Mahyavanshi, Chandels, and Molesalam), Marwari, Charan, Kachhi, Meena | Hinduism |
Rajbongshi | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Kamtapuri | India (Assam, West Bengal), Bangladesh | Hinduism | |
Rakhine | Sino-Tibetan → Burmese → Arakanese | Rakhine State (Myanmar) | Marma | Buddhsm → Theravada Buddhism |
Rejangese | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Land Dayak → Rejang | Rejang Lebong Regency (Indonesia) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Rohingyas | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Rohingya | Rakhine State (Myanmar) | Islam | |
Roma | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Romani | Europe (Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, North Macedonia, Serbia, Slovakia, Czech Republic)[note 28] | Roma (including Austrian Roma), Iberian Kale, Finnish Kale, Welsh Kale, Romanichal, Sinti, Manush, Romanisæl, Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians, Boyash, Lom, Dom (including Halebi, Lori, and Madari), along with significant populations in the United States, and Brazil. | Christianity |
Romanians | Indo-European → Romance → Romanian | Romania, Moldova | Significant populations in Italy, Germany, Spain, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, France, and the United States. | Christianity→ Eastern Orthodoxy |
Russians | Indo-European → Slavic → Russian | Russia | Cossacks, Pomors, Lipovans, along with significant populations in Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Germany, the United States, Uzbekistan, Israel, Brazil, Belarus, Canada, Latvia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Estonia, Turkmenistan, France, Lithuania and Azerbaijan. | Christianity→ Eastern Orthodoxy |
Rusyns | Indo-European → Slavic → Rusyn | Carpathian Ruthenia (Ukraine, Slovakia, Poland)[note 52] | Pannonian Rusyns, Lemkos, Hutsuls, Boykos | Christianity |
Ryukyuans | Japonic → Ryukyuan[note 53] | Ryukyu Islands (Japan) | Amami (including Kikai, Amami Ōshima, Tokunoshima, Okinoerabu, and Yoron), Okinawan (including Kunigami) Miyako, Yaeyama, Yonaguni | Ryukyuan religion |
Saho | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Saho | Eritrea | Islam | |
Salar | Turkic → Oghuz → Salar | China (Qinghai, Gansu) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Sama-Bajau | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Barito → Sama–Bajaw[note 2] | Maritime Southeast Asia (Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei)[note 28] | Sama (including Banguingui), Bajaw, Abaknon | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Sambal | Austronesian → Philippine → Sambalic[note 2] | Zambales (Philippines) | Bolinao, Botolan (including Banguingui) | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Sámi | Uralic → Sámi[note 2] | Sápmi (Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia) | Inari Sámi, Kildin Sami, Lule Sami, Northern Sami, Pite Sami, Skolt Sami, Southern Sámi, Ter Sami, Ume Sámi | Christianity→ Protestantism |
Samoans | Austronesian → Polynesian → Samoan | Samoan Islands (Samoa, American Samoa) | American Samoans | Christianity |
Sangirese | Austronesian → Philippine → Sangirese | Sangihe Islands (Indonesia) | Christianity→ Protestantism | |
Santal | Austroasiatic → Munda → Santali | India (West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha)[note 3] | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Sara | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Sara[note 2] | Chad, Central African Republic | Ngambay, Doba, Laka, Kabba, Sar, Mbay, Ngam, Dagba, Gulay | Traditional African religions |
Sardinians | Indo-European → Romance → Sardinian | Sardinia (Italy) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Sasak | Austronesian → Sasak | Lombok (Indonesia) | Islam | |
Savu | Austronesian → Sumba–Flores → Sumba → Hawu | Savu (Indonesia) | Christianity→ Protestantism | |
Scots | Indo-European → Germanic → Scots, Indo-European → Celtic → Scottish Gaelic[note 22] | Scotland (United Kingdom) | Ulster Scots, Orcadians, Shetlanders, Highlanders, Lowlanders, Highland Travellers, along with significant populations in the United States (including Scotch-Irish Americans), Canada, Australia, Argentina, and the Bahamas | Christianity→ Protestantism |
Semnanis | Indo-European → Iranian languages → Western Iranian → Semnani | Semnan, Iran | Islam → Shia Islam | |
Senufo | Niger–Congo → Senufo[note 2] | Mali, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso | Nafana, Minyanka | Traditional African religions |
Serbs | Indo-European → Slavic → Serbo-Croatian → Serbian | Serbia, Republika Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Montenegro | Kosovo Serbs, Triestine Serbs, along with significant populations in Croatia, Germany, Austria, France, and Sweden | Christianity→ Eastern Orthodoxy |
Serer | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Serer | Senegal | Laalaa, Ndut, Niominka, Serer-Noon, Palor, Saafi | Islam |
Shan | Kra–Dai → Tai → Shan | Shan State (Myanmar) | Buddhsm → Theravada Buddhism | |
Sharchops | Sino-Tibetan → Tshangla | Bhutan (Lhuntse, Mongar, Pemagatshel, Samdrup Jongkhar, Trashigang, and Trashiyangtse Districts) | Buddhsm → Tibetan Buddhism | |
Sherbro | Niger–Congo → Atlantic → Mel → Sherbro | Sherbro Island (Sierra Leone) | Traditional African religions | |
Shilluk | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Luo → Shilluk | South Sudan | Gule | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Shona | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona | Mashonaland (Zimbabwe) | Manyika, Ndau | Christianity |
Sibe | Tungusic → Xibe[note 47] | China (Liaoning, Jilin, Xinjiang)[note 3] | Shamanism[note 24] | |
Sidama | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Sidaama | Sidamia (Ethiopia) | Christianity | |
Siddi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Swahili[note 54] → Sidi | Pakistan (Baluchistan, Sindh), India (Karnataka, Gujarat, Hyderabad) | Islam | |
Sika | Austronesian → Flores–Lembata → Sika | Sikka Regency (Indonesia) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Siltʼe | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Gurage → | Siltia (Ethiopia) | Islam | |
Sindhis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sindhi | Sindh (Pakistan) | Jat, Memon, Arain, Indian Sindhis | Islam → Sunni Islam, Hinduism |
Sinhalese | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sinhala | Sri Lanka | Dewa, British Sri Lankans, Burghers (including Portuguese Burghers and Dutch Burghers) | Buddhsm → Theravada Buddhism |
Sioux | Siouan → Sioux[note 55] | Lakotah (United States) | Lakota, Dakota, Nakota | Native American religion |
Slovaks | Indo-European → Slavic → Slovak | Slovakia | significant populations in Czech Republic, Serbia, Hungary, United States and Canada | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Slovenes | Indo-European → Slavic → Slovene | Slovenia | Carinthian Slovenes, Italy Slovenes | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Soga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Soga | Busoga (Uganda) | Christianity, Traditional African religions | |
Somalis | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Somali | Greater Somalia (Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya) | Hawiye, Darod (including Majeerteen), Isaaq, Dir, Rahanweyn, Madhiban, Yibir, Ajuran along with significant populations in the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Canada | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Songhai | Nilo-Saharan → Songhai | Mali, Niger | Zarma | Islam |
Soninke | Niger–Congo → Mande → Soninke | Mali | Haratin | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Sotho | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sotho–Tswana → Sotho | Free State (South Africa), Lesotho | Christianity | |
Spaniards | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish | Spain[note 56] | Castilians, Andalusians, Asturians (including Vaqueiros de alzada), Leonese, Cantabrians, Riojans, Aragonese, Manchegans, Extremadurans, Mirandese, Canary Islanders (including Isleños), Criollos, along with numerous colonial descendants such as Hispanos (including Californios, Tejanos, and Neomexicanos), Mexicans, Guatemalans (including Hispanic Belizeans), Salvadorans, Hondurans, Nicaraguans, Costa Ricans, Panamanians, Colombians, Venezuelans, Ecuadorians, Peruvians, Bolivians, Paraguayans, Chileans, Argentines, Uruguayans, Cubans, Dominicans, Zamboangueños, Puerto Ricans, Fernandinos, and Spanish Filipinos | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Sui | Kra–Dai → Kam–Sui → Sui | Sandu Shui Autonomous County (China) | Animism | |
Sukuma | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sukuma | Tanzania | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Sumba | Austronesian ��� Sumba–Flores → Sumba[note 2] | Sumba (Indonesia) | Anakalangu, East Sumbanese, Kodi, Lamboya, West Sumbanese, Mamboru, Wanukaka | Christianity→ Protestantism |
Sumbawa | Austronesian → Sumbawa | Sumbawa (Indonesia) | Islam | |
Sundanese | Austronesian → Sundanese | Java (Indonesia) | Bantenese, Baduy, Cirebonese | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Surma | Nilo-Saharan → Surmic[note 2] | Ethiopia, South Sudan | Me'en, Mursi, Kichepo | Traditional African religions |
Susu | Niger–Congo → Mande → Susu | Guinea, Kambia (Sierra Leone) | Islam | |
Swahili | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Swahili | Swahili coast (Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Comoros) | Shirazi (including Zanzibaris, Comorians and Maore) | Islam |
Swazi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nguni → Swazi | Mpumalanga (South Africa), Eswatini | Christianity→ African Zionism | |
Swedes | Indo-European → Germanic → Nordic → Swedish | Sweden | Scanians, Jamtish, Gutnish, along with significant populations in Finland (including Åland Swedes), the United States, Canada, Argentina and the United Kingdom | Christianity→ Protestantism |
Tagalogs | Austronesian → Philippine → Tagalog | Philippines | Filipino Americans | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Tahitians | Austronesian → Polynesian → Tahitian[note 18] | Tahiti (France) | Christianity | |
Tajiks | Indo-European → Iranian → Persian → Tajik | Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan | Chagatai | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Talysh | Indo-European → Iranian → Talysh | Azerbaijan, Iran | Islam → Shia Islam | |
Tama | Nilo-Saharan → Tama | Chad, Sudan | Islam | |
Tamangs | Sino-Tibetan → Tamang | Nepal, Sikkim | Waiba, Lopchan, Thokar, Lama | Hinduism, Buddhsm |
Tamils | Dravidian → Tamil | Tamil Nadu (India), Sri Lanka (Northern and Eastern Provinces) | Indian Tamils, Sri Lankan Tamils (including Sri Lankan Moors), along with significant populations in Malaysia, South Africa, the United States, Singapore, Canada, the United Kingdom, and France (including Malbars). | Hinduism |
Tarok | Niger–Congo → Plateau → Tarok | Plateau State (Nigeria) | Christianity | |
Tatars | Turkic → Kipchak → Tatar | Tatarstan (Russia) | Volga Tatars, Crimean Tatars, Lipka Tatars, Siberian Tatars, Mishar Tatars, Finnish Tatars, Dobruja Tatars, Chinese Tatars, Nağaybäks, Kryashens, | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Tausūg | Austronesian → Philippine → Bisayan → Tausug | Sulu Archipelago (Philippines) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Tboli | Austronesian → Philippine → Tboli | South Cotabato (Philippines) | Anitism | |
Telugu | Dravidian → Telugu | India (Andhra Pradesh, Telangana) | Kamma, Reddy, Velama, Kapu, Raju, Madiga, Mala | Hinduism |
Temne | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Mel → Temne | Northern Sierra Leone (Sierra Leone) | Islam | |
Thais | Kra–Dai → Tai → Thai | Thailand | Southern Thai, Khorat, Lanna, Tai Lue, Thai Americans | Buddhsm → Theravada Buddhism |
Tharus | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Tharu | Terai Region (India, Nepal) | Kathariya, Danuwar, Lampucchwa, Kochila, Sonha, Dangaura, Rana | Hinduism, Buddhsm |
Tibetans | Sino-Tibetan → Tibetic[note 2] | Tibet (China), Nepal, Bhutan | Amdolese (including Golok and Tebbu), Khams, Ü-Tsang (including Ngari and Walung), Changpa, Baima | Buddhsm → Tibetan Buddhism |
Tigrayans | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Tigrinya | Eritrean Highlands (Eritrea), Tigrayia (Ethiopia) | Christianity→ Oriental Orthodoxy | |
Tigre | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Tigre | Eritrea | Islam | |
Tiv | Niger–Congo → Tiv | Benue State (Nigeria) | Christianity | |
Tiwa | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Tiwa[note 4] | India (Assam, Meghalaya) | Hinduism | |
Tlapanec | Oto-Manguean → Tlapanec | Guerrero (Mexico) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Tokelauans | Austronesian languages → Malayo-Polynesian languages → Oceanic languages → Polynesian languages → Tokelauan language | Tokelau | Christianity→ Congregationalism | |
Toraja | Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Toraja | Tana Toraja (Indonesia) | Christianity→ Protestantism | |
Toubou | Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Tebu[note 2] | Toubouland (Chad, Niger, Sudan, Libya) | Daza, Teda | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Toucouleur | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Fula → Pulaar | Futa Tooro (Senegal) | Islam | |
Tripuri | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Kokborok | Tripura (India) | Jamatia, Murasing | Hinduism |
Tsonga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tsonga | Mozambique (Maputo City and Maputo Province, Gaza Province), South Africa (Limpopo, Mpumalanga) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Tswana | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tswana | Botswana, South Tswanaland (South Africa) | Balete, , Bangwaketse, Bakwena, Batlokwa, , , Rolong | Christianity |
Tujia | Sino-Tibetan → Tujia[note 57] | Wuling Mountains (China) | Nuo folk religion | |
Tuluvas | Tulu | Karnataka(India) | Hinduism | |
Tupuri | Niger–Congo → Adamawa → Tupuri | Far North Region (Cameroon), Mayo-Kébbi (Chad) | Christianity | |
Turkana | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Turkana | Turkanaland (Kenya) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Turkmens | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkmen | Turkmenistan, Turkmen Sahra, Afghanistan | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Turks | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish | Turkey | Turkish Cypriots, Meskhetian Turks, Yörüks, along with significant populations in Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Austria, Belgium, Sweden, the United States, Syria, and Iraq | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Tutsi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Rwanda-Rundi[note 36] | Rwanda, Burundi, Kivu (Democratic Republic of the Congo) | Banyamulenge | Christianity, Islam |
Tuvans | Turkic → Siberian → Tuvan | Tuva (Russia) | Tozhu Tuvans | Buddhsm → Tibetan Buddhism |
Udmurts | Uralic → Permic → Udmurt | Udmurtia (Russia) | Besermyan | Christianity→ Eastern Orthodoxy |
Ukrainians | Indo-European → Slavic → Ukrainian | Ukraine | Poleshuks, Cossacks, along with significant populations in the United States, Brazil, Kazakhstan, Germany, Canada, Italy, Argentina, the Czech Republic, and Romania | Christianity→ Eastern Orthodoxy |
Urhobos | Niger–Congo → Edoid → Urhobo | Delta State (Nigeria) | Christianity | |
Uyghurs | Turkic → Karluk → Uyghur | Uyghuristan (China) | Uyghurs in Kazakhstan | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Uzbeks | Turkic → Karluk → Uzbek | Uzbekistan | Uzbeks in Russia | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Venda | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tshivenda | Vendaland (South Africa) | Christianity, Traditional African religions | |
Vietnamese | Austroasiatic → Vietic → Vietnamese | Vietnam | Muong, Gin, Phen, Chứt, Thổ, Nùng, Giáy, along with significant populations in the United States, Cambodia, France, Australia, Canada, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Germany and Laos | Buddhsm → Mahayana |
Visayans | Austronesian → Philippine → Visayan[note 2] | Visayas (Philippines) | Aklanon, Butuanon, Cebuano (including Boholano and Eskaya), Caluyanon, Capiznon, Cuyunon, Hiligaynon, Karay-a, Masbateños, Negrenses, Porohanon, Romblomanon (including Bantoanons), Waray | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Wa | Austroasiatic → Palaungic → Wa | Wa State (Myanmar) | Buddhsm, Animism | |
Walloons | Indo-European → Romance → French → Walloon[note 58] | Wallonia (Belgium) | Christianity→ Catholicism | |
Waxiang | Sino-Tibetan → Chinese → Waxiang Chinese | Hunan (China) | Chinese folk religion | |
Welayta | Afroasiatic → Omotic → Wolaitta | Wolayitia (Ethiopia) | Christianity→ Protestantism | |
Welsh | Indo-European → Celtic → Welsh[note 22] | Wales (United Kingdom) | significant populations in Argentina, the United States, Canada, and Australia. | Christianity→ Protestantism |
Wolof | Niger–Congo → Atlantic → Senegambian → Wolof | Senegambia (Senegal, The Gambia) | Lebu | Islam → Sunni Islam |
Xhosa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nguni → Xhosa | Xhosaland (South Africa) | Christianity | |
Yakan | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Barito → Sama–Bajaw → Yakan | Basilan (Philippines) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Yakö | Niger–Congo → Cross River → Yakö | Yakurr Local Government (Nigeria) | Christianity | |
Yakuts | Turkic → Siberian → Yakut | Yakutia (Russia) | Christianity→ Eastern Orthodoxy | |
Yao | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Yao | Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania (Ruvuma and Mtwara Regions) | Islam | |
Yi | Sino-Tibetan → Loloish[note 2] | China (Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi)[note 3] | Phù Lá, Azha | Bimoism |
Yoruba | Niger–Congo → Yoruba | Yorubaland (Nigeria, Benin, Togo) | Egun, Ijesha, Egba, Yewa, Igbomina, Awori, Akoko, Okun, Ana, Ekiti, Ilaje, Ijebu, Oyo, Ondo, Ife, Oku | Christianity, Islam, Yoruba religion |
Zaghawa | Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Zaghawa | Chad, Sudan | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
Zande | Niger–Congo → Zande | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, South Sudan | Barambu | Christianity |
Zapotecs | Oto-Manguean → Zapotec[note 2] | Oaxaca (Mexico) | Ixtlán | Christianity→ Catholicism |
Zhuang | Kra–Dai → Tai → Zhuang[note 2] | Zhuangia (China) | Moism | |
Zomi | Sino-Tibetan → Kuki-Chin–Naga[note 50] | Zogam (Myanmar, Bangladesh, India) | Thadou, Paite, Simte, Zou, Lamkang, Kom, Lushai, Hmar, Koireng, Mizo, Aimol, Mru, Mrucha (including Anu-Hkongso), Bawm, Biate, Chin people Asho | Christianity |
Zulu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nguni → Zulu | KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) | Northern Ndebele | Christianity |
Lists of ethnic groups[]
- by status
- List of indigenous peoples
- List of diasporas
- regional lists
- Ethnic groups in Asia
- Ethnic groups in Northern Asia
- List of ethnic groups in Russia
- List of ethnic groups in East Asia
- List of ethnic groups in China
- List of ethnic groups in Japan
- List of ethnic groups in South Korea
- List of ethnic groups in North Korea
- List of ethnic groups in Taiwan
- List of aboriginal ethnic groups in Taiwan
- Ethnic groups in Northern Asia
- South Asian ethnic groups
- Ethnic groups in Nepal
- Ethnic groups in Pakistan
- Demographics of Sindh
- Ethnic groups of Southeast Asia
- List of ethnic groups in Laos
- Ethnic groups in Malaysia
- List of ethnic groups in Vietnam
- List of ethnic groups in Burma
- African people
- Indigenous people of Africa
- Ethnic groups in Chad
- List of ethnic groups in Rivers State
- List of ethnic groups in Tanzania
- European people
- Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas
- List of Indigenous Australian group names
- Ethnoreligious group
See also[]
- Uncontacted peoples
- Ethnic flag
- List of language families
- Lists of people by nationality
- Lists of active separatist movements
- Race (human categorization)
- List of Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world
- List of indigenous peoples
Notes[]
- ^ a b Following the Caucasian War, the majority of Circassians and Abkhazians were deported to Turkey.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj Language family; with some exceptions, all speakers of the various languages within this family are typically seen as one singular ethnicity.
- ^ a b c d e f Non-contiguous homeland. Throughout most of its history (if not its entire history), this ethnic group has lived in separate, isolated communities scattered throughout the countries/subdivisions listed.
- ^ a b c Assamese ethnic group; the vast majority only speak Assamese.
- ^ As the Akan language has only recently been standardized, the majority of them still speak their local dialects, which are usually considered by linguists to be separate languages altogether.
- ^ Due to historical migrations, about half of the Akan population reside in Ivory Coast.
- ^ Some time around 1860s, many Akha have been migrating to Myanmar, Laos, and Thailand. Today, the majority reside outside of China.
- ^ With the exception of Navajo, all Apachean speakers are seen as one ethnicity. However, due to a history of forced assimilation by the American government, the majority can only speak English.
- ^ Between 632 and 861, the Arabs controlled most of West Asia and North Africa, with Bedouin tribes forming in what is now Algeria, Sudan, and Iraq. Today, the majority of the Arab world is outside of Arabia.
- ^ The Argobba have typically been a merchant community and usually trades with other ethnic groups; recently, these factors have resulted in the majority only speaking Amharic or Oromo.
- ^ During the Armenian genocide that occurred in the Turkish part of Greater Armenia (usually called Western Armenia), many Armenians fled to Russia, France, and the United States. Today, the majority reside outside of Greater Armenia, and Western Armenia no longer has an openly Armenian population (the Hemshin largely avoid identifying themselves as being Armenian, while the vast majority of people that are openly Armenian in Turkey reside in Istanbul, which is not a part of Western Armenia).
- ^ The Aramaic language morphed into the Neo-Aramaic languages around 1200 AD. Whether the majority of the Assyrians are still speaking these languages is unclear, however.
- ^ Modern Assyria have seen long periods of violence throughout the region, some of which (such as the Assyrian genocide and the Persecution of Christians by ISIL) have been directed against the Assyrians themselves. This has caused many to flee to places such as the United States and Sweden; it is believed that the majority now reside outside of the Middle East.
- ^ Due to the widespread presence of both Spanish and French, the majority of Basques only have a passive knowledge of their language.
- ^ Unlike the rest of the Soviet republics, who were able to maintain their native language despite the de facto Russianization during the Soviet era, the Russian language has largely replaced Belarusian in everyday use.
- ^ The Beti and the Fang form the Beti-Pahuin peoples. While the term Beti is sometimes used interchangeably to refer to the Beti-Pahuin people, the Beti ethnicity is specifically limited to Ewondo and Eton speakers.
- ^ Due to their historical low status in India, the majority only speak Bengali.
- ^ a b c d Due to France's long history of promoting the French language at the expense of others, the vast majority only speak French.
- ^ a b c Due to the a long history of forced assimilation by the American government, the vast majority only speak English.
- ^ a b c Following the passage of the Indian Removal Act, the Cherokee, the Choctaw, and the Muscogee were all forced to relocate their entire population to Oklahoma.
- ^ The original Egyptian language, which morphed into the Coptic language around the 1st century AD, died out as a spoken language around the 17th century and is now only used for religious ceremonies. Today, the Egyptians, including the Copts, speak Arabic.
- ^ a b c d Due to a long history of English dominance within Great Britain, the Celtic languages within the islands have seen steady decline in use, with some of them eventually going extinct. Although all of them have since seen major language revival movements, English continues to be main language for the majority of this group.
- ^ a b Due to the a long history of forced assimilation by the Canadian government, the vast majority can only either speak English.
- ^ a b c d e Largest practiced religion; the majority/plurality of this group are actually non-religious.
- ^ Due to their historical low status in India, the majority only speak Gujarati.
- ^ Between 1583 and 1997, the English, via being the dominant ethnic group in the United Kingdom, created the largest empire in the world, setting up settler colonies in areas such as what is now the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Today, the majority of the Anglosphere is outside of the United Kingdom.
- ^ Although they are descendents of a subset of English settlers, the English Travellers of Texas do not consider England to be their primary homeland. While they are largely a semi-nomadic group, they consider Texas, particularly Grimes County, to be their homeland.
- ^ a b c This ethnic group is largely a nomadic or semi-nomadic one and do not have a particular area to claim as a primary homeland; these countries are listed here due to having a significant population.
- ^ Like its speakers, the Garfuna language is the only remnant of the Island Carib language.
- ^ Following the Second Carib War, the majority of the Garifuna were deported to Honduras, where they later spread to Guatemala, Belize, and Nicaragua. Since then, Honduras have seen high murder rates, causing many to flee to United States.
- ^ Many of the Gelao dialects are mutually unintelligible; they are known to intermarry with other ethnic groups; recently, these factors have resulted in most of the populations speaking only Chinese.
- ^ Although a Nakh people, they are heavily assimilated into Georgian society.
- ^ Due to their historical low status in India, the majority only speak Hindi.
- ^ Since Hawaii's annexation into the United States, English has almost completely supplanted Hawaiian.
- ^ Following the suppression of Miao Rebellion of 1854–1873, the majority of the Hmong fled further south to Guangxi, Yunnan, Vietnam, and Laos.
- ^ a b Refers specifically to the Kinyarwanda and Kirundi dialects. The other speakers of the dialects within the Rwanda-Rundi continuum are considered to be separate from the Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa peoples.
- ^ During the Great Famine, many Irish people fled to places like Argentina, Mexico, and the United States. Today, the majority of people claiming Irish ethnicity resides outside of Ireland.
- ^ With the exception of Cherokee, all Iroquoian speakers are seen as one ethnicity. However, due to a long history of forced assimilation by both American and Canadian governments, the vast majority can only speak English.
- ^ The majority of the Japanese practiced a syncretised form of Shinto and Buddhism called Shinbutsu-shūgō.
- ^ Despite the successful revival of the Hebrew language, many Jews continue to speak the various languages that have developed by the diaspora populations, including Yiddish, Ladino, and Judeo-Arabic. In addition, English serves as the lingua franca of Israel.
- ^ While Jews originate in the Land of Israel, they were primarily a diaspora ethnicity from the late antique period until 1948, with the Jewish identity being claimed mostly by descendants of those that left Israel following the First Jewish–Roman War. Despite some entire Jewish communities migrating back to Israel, Israeli Jews make up only 30-40% of the worldwide Jewish population.
- ^ The Wapan language have largely replaced Jukun Takum as the main language.
- ^ Due to both Turkification and the tendency among Georgia-residing Laz to see themselves as being a Georgian subgroup, the majority of Laz either speak Turkish or Georgian.
- ^ The Lhoba speak a variety of Sino-Tibetan languages, all of which may or may not be mutually intelligible.
- ^ Due to poor soil condition in Madura, the majority now live on Java.
- ^ The majority of the Magars have recently switched to Nepali.
- ^ a b The majority of the Tungusic languages are endangered, and many Tungusic ethnic groups now mostly speak only Russian or Chinese depending on the location of their homeland.
- ^ Although the Māori have been able to halt the extinction of their language, the majority still only speak English fluently.
- ^ Due to gradual Hispanicization following the Occupation of Araucanía, the majority of Mapuche can only speak Spanish.
- ^ a b The Kuki-Chin–Naga language grouping (it is unclear whether the Kuki-Chin–Naga form an actual language family) consists of five to eight branches. Except for Karbi and Meitei, the Kuki-Chin–Naga is divided between the Chin and the Naga. The Mruic and most of the Kuki-Chin speakers are seen as Chin, while speakers of the remaining Kuki-Chin–Naga branches (Ao, Angami–Pochuri, Tangkhulic, and Zeme) and the speakers Northwestern Kuki-Chin are seen as Naga.
- ^ Due to a long history of forced assimilation by both American and Canadian governments, the vast majority can only speak English.
- ^ The Rusyn identity is mostly limited to those residing outside of Carpathian Ruthenia. Within Carpathian Ruthenia itself (especially in the Ukrainian region), the majority of its residents identify themselves as being Ukrainian.
- ^ All Ryukyuan speakers are seen as one ethnicity; however, due to a history of forced assimilation by the Japanese government, the majority can only speak Japanese.
- ^ The Siddi now speak the dominant language of their region.
- ^ Due to a history of forced assimilation by the American government, the majority can only speak English.
- ^ Between 1492 and 1833, the Spaniards controlled most of the Americas, with Mestizo communities forming in areas such as what is now Mexico, Colombia, Chile, and Argentina. Today, the majority of the Hispanosphere is outside of Spain.
- ^ Due to the widespread presence of Chinese, the majority of Tujia only have a passive knowledge of their language.
- ^ Prior to the mid-twentieth century, the lingua franca of Belgium was French; this, paired with the fact that the Walloons are usually considered to be a French subgroup, have now resulted in the majority of them speaking only standard French.
References[]
- ^ "Masa People". Joshua Project. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
- Levinson, David (1998). Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-57356-019-1.
- Ethnic groups
- Ethnic groups by region
- Society-related lists
- Lists of ethnic groups