List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Seat 9)

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William Rehnquist, 16th Chief Justice of the United States, clerked for Justice Robert Jackson during the 1952 term.

Law clerks have assisted the justices of the United States Supreme Court in various capacities since the first one was hired by Justice Horace Gray in 1882.[1] Each justice is permitted to have between three and four law clerks per Court . Most persons serving in this capacity are recent law school graduates (and typically graduated at the top of their class).[2] Among their many functions, clerks do legal research that assists justices in deciding what cases to accept and what questions to ask during oral arguments, prepare memoranda, and draft orders and opinions.[3] After retiring from the Court, a justice may continue to employ a law clerk, who may be assigned to provide additional assistance to an active justice or may assist the retired justice when sitting by designation with a lower court.

Table of law clerks[]

The following is a table of law clerks serving the associate justice holding Supreme Court seat 9 (the Court's ninth associate justice seat by order of creation), which was established on March 3, 1863 by the 37th Congress through the Tenth Circuit Act of 1863 (12 Stat. 794).[4] This seat is currently occupied by Justice Neil Gorsuch.

Seat 9 associate justices and law clerks

Stephen Johnson Field

May 20, 1863 –
December 1, 1897[5]
Clerk Started Finished School (year) Previous clerkship
1889 1895 GW-Columbian (1876)
Clarence M. York 1896 1897 M. W. Fuller

Joseph McKenna

January 26, 1898 –
January 5, 1925[5]
Clerk Started Finished School (year) Previous clerkship
1898 1911
1911 December 16, 1919 Georgetown (1905)
1919 1924 Georgetown (1913)

Harlan F. Stone

March 2, 1925 –
July 2, 1941CJ[5]
Clerk Started Finished School (year) Previous clerkship
1925 1925 Georgetown (1913) J. McKenna
1925 1926 Columbia (1925)
Milton C. Handler 1926 1927 Columbia (1926)
1927 1928 Columbia (1927)
1928 1929 Columbia (1928)
1929 1930 Columbia (1929)
1930 1931 Columbia (1930)
Walter F. Gellhorn 1931 1932 Columbia (1931)
Herbert Wechsler 1932 1933 Columbia (1931)
1933 1934 Columbia (1933)
1934 1935 Columbia (1934)
1935 1936 Columbia (1935)
Harold Leventhal 1937 1938 Columbia (1936) none
Louis Lusky 1937 1938 Columbia (1937)
1938 1939 Columbia (1938)
1939 1941 Columbia (1939)

Robert H. Jackson

July 11, 1941 –
October 9, 1954[5]
Clerk Started Finished School (year) Previous clerkship
1941 1943 Harvard (1940)
Phil C. Neal 1943 1945 Harvard (1943) none
1945 1947 Harvard (1945) none
1947 1949 Temple (1947)
1949 1950 Albany (1949) none
1949 1950 Yale (1949)
1950 1951 Cornell (1949) Edgerton (D.C. Cir.)
1950 1952 Buffalo (1950)
William H. Rehnquist 1952 1953 Stanford (1952) none
1952 1953 Chicago (1948)
E. Barrett Prettyman, Jr. 1953 October 1954 Virginia (1953) none

John Marshall Harlan II

March 28, 1955 –
September 23, 1971[5]
Clerk Started Finished School (year) Previous clerkship
1955 1955 Harvard (1952) J.M. Harlan (2d Cir.)
E. Barrett Prettyman, Jr. 1955 1955 Virginia (1953) Frankfurter / R. H. Jackson
1955 1956 Harvard (1953)
1955 1956 Harvard (1954) L. Hand (2d Cir.)
Paul M. Bator 1956 1957 Harvard (1956) none
1956 1957 Yale (1956)
Norman Dorsen 1957 1958 Harvard (1953) Magruder (1st Cir.)
1957 1958 Harvard (1955)
1958 1959 Harvard (1954)
Stephen Shulman 1958 1959 Yale (1958)
1959 1960 Harvard (1959)
Howard Lesnick 1959 1960 Columbia (1958) none
Charles Fried 1960 1961 Columbia (1960) none
Philip B. Heymann 1960 1961 Harvard (1960) none
Nathan Lewin 1961 1962 Harvard (1960) Lumbard (2d Cir.)
1961 1962 Virginia (1961)
1962 1963 Columbia (1962)
David L. Shapiro 1962 1963 Harvard (1957) none
R. Kent Greenawalt 1963 1964 Columbia (1963)
Lloyd L. Weinreb 1963 1964 Harvard (1962) Lumbard (2d Cir.)
1964 1965 Penn (1964)
Charles R. Nesson 1964 1965 Harvard (1965) none
Michael Boudin 1965 1966 Harvard (1964) Friendly (2d Cir.)
Matthew Nimetz 1965 1967 Harvard (1965)
1966 1968 GW (1966)
1966 1967 Harvard (1964)
1967 1968 Harvard (1966)
1967 1969 Harvard (1966)
Bruce A. Ackerman 1968 1969 Yale (1967) Friendly (2d Cir.)
Paul Brest 1968 1969 Harvard (1965) Aldrich (1st Cir.)
1969 1970 Columbia (1968) Leventhal (D.C. Cir.)
1969 1970 Stanford (1968) Friendly (2d Cir.)
1969 1970 Harvard (1968) McGowan (D.C. Cir.)
1970 1971 Harvard (1969) Friendly (2d Cir.)
1970 1971 Columbia (1968)
1970 September 23, 1971 Harvard (JD, 1969; LLM, 1970) none
1971 September 23, 1971 Michigan (1970) Lumbard (2d Cir.)
Allen R. Snyder 1971 September 23, 1971 Harvard (1971) none

William Rehnquist

January 7, 1972 –
September 26, 1986CJ[5]
Clerk Started Finished School (year) Previous clerkship
January 7, 1972 July 1972 Michigan (1969) S. Barnes (9th Cir.)
January 7, 1972 July 1972 Arizona (1971) none
Allen R. Snyder January 7, 1972 July 1972 Harvard (1971) Harlan II
1972 1973 Columbia (1971) Hays (2d Cir.)
1972 1973 Indiana (1969) Hastings (7th Cir.)
1972 1973 Cornell (1970) none
1973 1974 Kentucky (1971) none
1973 1974 Arizona State (1973) none
1973 1974 Stanford (1969) Duniway (9th Cir.)
1974 1975 Duke (1973) G. Bell (5th Cir.)
1974 1975 Michigan (1973) R. Robb (D.C. Cir.)
John E. O'Neill 1974 1975 Texas (1973) none
1975 1976 Virginia (1970) none
1975 1976 Boston University (1974) L. Campbell (1st Cir.)
John M. Mason 1975 1976 Washington & Lee (1973)
Donald B. Ayer 1976 1977 Harvard (1975) Wilkey (D.C. Cir.)
1976 1977 Stanford (1974) Sneed (9th Cir.)
Thomas H. Jackson 1976 1977 Yale (1975) Frankel (S.D.N.Y.)
1977 1978 Stanford (1976) Sneed (9th Cir.)
1977 1978 Virginia (1976) H. Walker (Miss.)
Michael K. Young 1977 1978 Harvard (1976) Kaplan (Mass.)
Charles J. Cooper 1978 1979 Alabama (1977) Roney (5th Cir.)
1978 1979 Yale (1977) Leventhal (D.C. Cir.)
Mark R. Kravitz 1978 1979 Georgetown (1975) Hunter (3d Cir.)
1979 1980 UCLA (1978) Mosk (Cal.)
Maureen E. Mahoney 1979 1980 Chicago (1978) Sprecher (7th Cir.)
1979 1980 Virginia (1978) Seitz (3d Cir.)
1980 1981 Miami (1979) Fay (5th Cir.)
1980 1981 Michigan (1979) Mansfield (2d Cir.)
John G. Roberts, Jr. 1980 1981 Harvard (1979) Friendly (2d Cir.)
David G. Campbell 1981 1982 Utah (1979) J. C. Wallace (9th Cir.)
1981 1982 Arizona (1980) Copple (D. Ariz.)
1981 1982 Texas (1980) Sneed (9th Cir.)
1982 1983 Missouri (1981) R. Robb (D.C. Cir.)
Gary B. Born 1982 1983 Penn (1981) Friendly (2d Cir.)
1982 1983 Chicago (1981) Browning (9th Cir.)
1983 1984 Harvard (1982) Wilkey (D.C. Cir.)
1983 1984 Minnesota (1982) Tamm (D.C. Cir.)
1983 1984 Virginia (1982) Hunter (3d Cir.)
1984 1985 Boston University (1983) Aldrich (1st Cir.)
William F. Jung 1984 1985 Illinois (1983) Tjoflat (11th Cir.)
1984 1985 Columbia (1983) Feinberg (2d Cir.)
Randall D. Guynn 1985 1986 Virginia (1984) J. C. Wallace (9th Cir.)
Joseph L. Hoffmann 1985 1986 Washington (1984) Kravitch (11th Cir.)
1985 1986 Columbia (1984) Feinberg (2d Cir.)

Antonin Scalia

September 26, 1986 –
February 13, 2016[5]
Clerk Started Finished School (year) Previous clerkship
Gary S. Lawson 1986 1987 Yale (1983) Scalia (D.C. Cir.)
Lee Liberman (Otis) 1986 1987 Chicago (1983) Scalia (D.C. Cir.)
Roy W. McLeese III 1986 1987 NYU (1985) Scalia (D.C. Cir.)
Gene C. Schaerr (shared with Burger) 1986 1987 Yale (1985) Starr (D.C. Cir.)
Patrick J. Schiltz 1986 1987 Harvard (1985) Scalia (D.C. Cir.)
Richard D. Bernstein 1987 1988 Columbia (1986) Kearse (2d Cir.)
Steven G. Calabresi 1987 1988 Yale (1983) Bork (D.C. Cir.) / R. Winter (2d Cir.)
Paul T. Cappuccio 1987 1988 Harvard (1986) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
Gregory S. Dovel (shared with Burger) 1987 1988 Harvard (1986) Wallace (9th Cir.)
1987 1988 Virginia (1986) Williams (D.C. Cir.)
Wendy E. Ackerman 1988 1989 Chicago (1987) Williams (D.C. Cir.)
Richard P. Bress 1988 1989 Stanford (1987) Williams (D.C. Cir.)
D. Cameron Findlay 1988 1989 Harvard (1987) Williams (D.C. Cir.)
William K. Kelley (shared with Burger) 1988 1989 Harvard (1987) Starr (D.C. Cir.)
John F. Manning 1988 1989 Harvard (1985) Bork (D.C. Cir.)
Bradford R. Clark 1989 1990 Columbia (1985) Bork (D.C. Cir.)
Bruce L. Hay 1989 1990 Harvard (1988) Norris (9th Cir.)
Von G. Keetch (shared with Burger) 1989 1990 BYU (1987) Pratt (2d Cir.)
Kristin A. Linsley (Myles) 1989 1990 Harvard (1988) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
Henry Weissmann 1989 1990 Yale (1987) Buckley (D.C. Cir.)
Christopher Landau 1990 1991 Harvard (1989) Thomas (D.C. Cir.)
L. Lawrence Lessig 1990 1991 Yale (1989) Posner (7th Cir.)
Alan J. Meese 1990 1991 Chicago (1989) Easterbrook (7th Cir.)
Michael D. Ramsey 1990 1991 Stanford (1989) Wallace (9th Cir.)
Brian D. Boyle 1991 1992 Harvard (1986) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
Daniel P. Collins 1991 1992 Stanford (1988) D. W. Nelson (9th Cir.)
Jeffrey S. Sutton (shared with Powell) 1991 1992 Ohio State (1990) Meskill (2d Cir.)
M. Edward Whelan III 1991 1992 Harvard (1985) Wallace (9th Cir.)
Jeffrey M. Wintner 1991 1992 Harvard (1989) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
Alex M. Azar II 1992 1993 Yale (1991) Luttig (4th Cir.)
John F. Duffy 1992 1993 Chicago (1989) Williams (D.C. Cir.)
David E. Nahmias 1992 1993 Harvard (1991) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
Andrew J. Nussbaum 1992 1993 Chicago (1991) R. B. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
Paul D. Clement 1993 1994 Harvard (1992) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
1993 1994 Penn (1992) Wallace (9th Cir.)
Mark R. Filip 1993 1994 Harvard (1992) Williams (D.C. Cir.)
Emmet T. Flood 1993 1994 Yale (1991) Winter (2d Cir.)
Griffith L. Green 1994 1995 Chicago (1993) Luttig (4th Cir.)
Joan L. Larsen 1994 1995 Northwestern (1993) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.)
Howard Shelanski 1994 1995 Berkeley (1992) Williams (D.C. Cir.) / Pollak (E.D. Pa.)
C. Adrian Vermeule 1994 1995 Harvard (1993) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.)
1995 1996 Yale (1993) R. Winter (2d Cir.)
Charles Sarsfield Duggan 1995 1996 Harvard (1994) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
Joseph D. Kearney 1995 1996 Harvard (1989) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
Theodore W. Ullyot 1995 1996 Chicago (1994) Luttig (4th Cir.)
John E. Fee 1996 1997 Chicago (1995) Easterbrook (7th Cir.)
Christine M. Jolls 1996 1997 Harvard (1993) Williams (D.C. Cir.)
Howard M. Radzely 1996 1997 Harvard (1995) Luttig (4th Cir.)
Glen E. Summers 1996 1997 Penn (1994) J. C. Wallace (9th Cir.)
J. Scott Ballenger 1997 1998 Virginia (1996) J. C. Wallace (9th Cir.)
Anthony J. Bellia, Jr. 1997 1998 Notre Dame (1994) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.) / Skretny (W.D.N.Y.)
Noel J. Francisco 1997 1998 Chicago (1996) Luttig (4th Cir.)
Rachel Barkow 1997 1998 Harvard (1996) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
Amy Coney (Barrett) 1998 1999 Notre Dame (1997) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
1998 1999 Columbia (1996) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.) / Cote (S.D.N.Y.)
1998 1999 Stanford (1997) Luttig (4th Cir.)
Stephen A. Miller 1998 1999 Northwestern (1997) Flaum (7th Cir.)
1999 2000 Michigan (1998) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
Joel D. Kaplan 1999 2000 Harvard (1998) Luttig (4th Cir.)
Kannon K. Shanmugam 1999 2000 Harvard (1998) Luttig (4th Cir.)
1999 2000 Chicago (1998) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.)
2000 2001 Columbia (1999) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
2000 2001 Harvard (1999) Luttig (4th Cir.)
2000 2001 Chicago (1999) Posner (7th Cir.)
2000 2001 Berkeley (1998) Williams (D.C. Cir.) / W. Fletcher (9th Cir.)
2001 2002 Yale (2000) Luttig (4th Cir.)
Susan Elisabeth Engel 2001 2002 NYU (2000) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
Brian T. Fitzpatrick 2001 2002 Harvard (2000) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
Edward R. Morrison 2001 2002 Chicago (2000) Posner (7th Cir.)
Jonathan F. Mitchell 2002 2003 Chicago (2001) Luttig (4th Cir.)
2002 2003 Notre Dame (2001) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
2002 2003 Harvard (2001) Sentelle (D.C. Cir.)
2002 2003 Harvard (2000) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
2003 2004 Harvard (2002) Luttig (4th Cir.)
C. Scott Hemphill 2003 2004 Stanford (2001) Posner (7th Cir.)
2003 2004 Yale (2002) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
2003 2004 Harvard (2002) Niemeyer (4th Cir.)
Curtis E. Gannon 2004 2005 Chicago (1998) E. Jones (5th Cir.)
2004 2005 Harvard (2001) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
2004 2005 Harvard (2003) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
John R. Phillips 2004 2005 Chicago (2003) Luttig (4th Cir.)
John Demers 2005 2006 Harvard (1999) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
2005 2006 Columbia (2004) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
D. John Sauer 2005 2006 Harvard (2004) Luttig (4th Cir.)
Evan A. Young 2005 2006 Yale (2004) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
Daniel Bress 2006 2007 Virginia (2005) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
2006 2007 Northwestern (1998) Sutton (6th Cir.)
2006 2007 Stanford (2005) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
2006 2007 Harvard (2005) Luttig (4th Cir.)
2007 2008 Chicago (2004) Sutton (6th Cir.)
John F. Bash III 2007 2008 Harvard (2006) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
2007 2008 Harvard (2005) Niemeyer (4th Cir.)
Rachel Kovner 2007 2008 Stanford (2006) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
2008 2009 Stanford (2007) Sutton (6th Cir.)
2008 2009 Harvard (2007) Boudin (1st Cir.)
2008 2009 Harvard (2006) Boudin (1st Cir.)
2008 2009 Stanford (2007) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
2009 2010 GW (2008) Sutton (6th Cir.)
2009 2010 Harvard (2002) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
2009 2010 Chicago (2008) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
2009 2010 Virginia (2008) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
2010 2011 Harvard (2009) Boudin (1st Cir.)
2010 2011 Michigan (2008) Gorsuch (10th Cir.)
2010 2011 Harvard (2007) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
2010 2011 Chicago (2009) Sutton (6th Cir.)
Donald Burke 2011 2012 Virginia (2008) Kethledge (6th Cir.)
2011 2012 Yale (2010) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
2011 2012 Harvard (2010) Colloton (8th Cir.)
2011 2012 Virginia (2010) Sutton (6th Cir.)
2012 2013 Columbia (2011) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
2012 2013 NYU (2008) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
2012 2013 Yale (2011) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
2012 2013 Chicago (2010) Gorsuch (10th Cir.)
2013 2014 Virginia (2012) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
2013 2014 Northwestern (2010) Niemeyer (4th Cir.) / Randolph (D.C. Cir.)
2013 2014 Harvard (2008) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
2013 2014 Chicago (2012) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
2014 2015 Chicago (2013) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
Benjamin M. Flowers 2014 2015 Chicago (2012) Ikuta (9th Cir.)
2014 2015 Northwestern (2010) E. Jones (5th Cir.) / Winfree (Alaska)
2014 2015 Harvard (2013) Sutton (6th Cir.)
2015 February 13, 2016 Northwestern (2013) Feinerman (N.D. Ill.) / Posner (7th Cir)
2015 February 13, 2016 Harvard (2011) Gorsuch (10th Cir.)
2015 February 13, 2016 Chicago (2013) W. Pryor (11th Cir.)
2015 February 13, 2016 Virginia (2013) Sutton (6th Cir.) / Thapar (E.D. Ky.)

Neil Gorsuch

April 10, 2017 –
Incumbent[5]
Clerk Started Finished School (year) Previous clerkship
April 2017 August 2017 Iowa (2004) Gorsuch (10th Cir.)
April 2017 August 2017 Chicago (2003) E. Jones (5th Cir.) / Gorsuch (10th Cir.)
April 2017 August 2017 Harvard (2008) Sotomayor / Gorsuch (10th Cir.)
April 2017 2018 Michigan (2008) Scalia / Gorsuch (10th Cir.)
2017 2018 Harvard (2014) Gorsuch (10th Cir.)
2017 2018 Chicago (2010) Scalia / Gorsuch (10th Cir.)
2017 2018 Harvard (2009) Alito / Gorsuch (10th Cir.)
Tobi Merritt Edwards (Young) 2018 2019 Mississippi (2003) Holmes (10th Cir.)
2018 2019 Yale (2008) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
2018 2019 Harvard (2008) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.) / A. Scalia
2018 2019 Texas (2012) Gorsuch (10th Cir.)
(Hired by Kennedy) 2018 2019 Yale (2016) Kethledge (6th Cir.) / R. Sullivan (S.D.N.Y.)
2019 2020 Chicago (2017) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
2019 2020 Chicago (2010) Gorsuch (10th Cir.)
2019 2020 Cornell (2007) Tymkovich (10th Cir.)
2019 2020 Michigan (2015) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
(shared with Kennedy) 2019 2020 Yale (2017) Kavanaugh (D.C. Cir.)
2020 2021 Chicago (2009) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
2020 2021 Stanford (2017) Sutton (6th Cir.) / Oldham (5th Cir.)
2020 2021 Chicago (2016) Kennedy / W. Pryor (11th Cir.)
2020 2021 Michigan (2017) Kethledge (6th Cir.)
2021 BYU (2011) N. R. Smith (9th Cir.)
2021 Penn (2019) Wilkinson (4th Cir.) / Scirica (3d Cir.)
2021 Stanford (2015) O'Scannlain (9th Cir.)
2021 Chicago (2018) Griffith (D.C. Cir.) / Sykes (7th Cir.)
2022 Stanford (2019) Sutton (6th Cir.)
2022 Chicago (2016) Easterbook (7th Cir.)
2022 Chicago (2018) Easterbook (7th Cir.)
2023 Harvard (2017) Millett (D.C. Cir.) / J.E. Smith (5th Cir.)

References[]

  1. ^ Peppers, Todd C. (2006). Courtiers of the Marble Palace: The Rise and Influence of the Supreme Court Law Clerk. Stanford University Press. p. 1. ISBN 0-8047-5382-2.
  2. ^ "Supreme Court Procedures". uscourts.gov. Washington, D.C.: Administrative Office of the United States Courts. Retrieved December 23, 2018.
  3. ^ Ward, Artemus; Weiden, David L. (2006). Sorcerers' Apprentices: 100 Years of Law Clerks at the United States Supreme Court. New York, New York: New York University Press. pp. 1–5. ISBN 978-0-8147-9404-3.
  4. ^ "Landmark Legislation: Tenth Circuit". Washington, D.C.: Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h "Justices 1789 to Present". supremecourt.gov. Washington, D.C.: Supreme Court of the United States. Retrieved December 25, 2018.

Additional sources[]

  • Baier, Paul R. (1973). "The Law Clerks: Profile of an Institution," Vanderbilt L. Rev. 26: 1125–77.
  • "Georgia Law Alumni Who Have Clerked for a U.S. Supreme Court Justice," Advocate, Spring/Summer 2004 (listing 6 names).
  • Judicial Clerkship Handbook, USC Gould Law School, 2013-2014, p. 33, Appendix B.
  • Newland, Charles A. (June 1961). "Personal Assistants to the Supreme Court Justices: The Law Clerks," Oregon L. Rev. 40: 306–07.
  • News of Supreme Court clerks. University of Virginia Law School, list of clerks, 2004-2018.
  • University of Michigan clerks to the Supreme Court, 1991-2017, University of Michigan Law School Web site (2016). Retrieved September 20, 2016.
  • Ward, Artemus and David L. Weiden (2006). Sorcerers' Apprentices: 100 Years of Law Clerks at the United States Supreme Court. New York, NY: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814794203, ISBN 0814794203.

External links[]

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